Transcriptional genes protein inhibitors of activated stat. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here we outline the current status of the viral evasion mechanism underlying the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on how post-transcriptional modifications, viral proteins, and non-coding RNAs involve innate immunity during viral infection, attempting to inspire new targets discovery and uncover potential clinical antiviral treatments. (frontiersin.org)
The models of most immune evasion during innate immune responses are conserved, including altering the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) of vital proteins to inactivate or degrade these components, eluding DNA sensing from PRRs, decreasing cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) cellular abundance, and modifying metabolism approach in host cells ( Eaglesham and Kranzusch, 2020 ). (frontiersin.org)
The non-coding post-transcriptional gene regulators muscle-specific microRNAs (miRNA) control muscle development and differentiation but when dysregulated lead to skeletal muscle (SM) disorder. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Since then, they have been found to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis as important post-transcriptional regulatory factors [ 15 ]. (ersjournals.com)
They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

PIAS protein's interaction with STAT signaling requires tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT proteins. (wikipedia.org)
STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that become activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to cytokine stimulation. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, EPO-induced neuroprotection as well as phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl family member Bad was reduced by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. (jneurosci.org)
IFNs transduce indicators in the cell surface leading to selective gene activation (8-10) through the activation of JAK tyrosine kinases and indication transducers and activators of XMD8-92 transcription (STAT) elements (11 12 Upon their tyrosine phosphorylation IFN-activated STATs (STAT1 STAT2 and STAT3) dimerize and translocate towards the nucleus. (bibf1120.com)
PI-3 kinase is normally essential in the legislation of many mobile events involving proteins tyrosine kinases and can be an upstream aspect in a serine kinase transduction cascade (15 16 Serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of varied target protein (STATs IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains etc.) are fundamental early occasions in IFN signaling and actions (17-20). (bibf1120.com)
instead cytokines function through binding to a cognate receptor proteins, which trigger phosphorylation and activation of intracellular signaling proteins. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
The binding of a growth factor brings the multiple monomeric receptor chains into close proximity resulting into the trans-phosphorylation of their cytoplamic domains, which consequently activates downstream signaling cascades. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
Formation of the cytokine receptor / JAK signaling complex and activation of JAK kinases leads to the phosphorylation of receptor chains, which creates docking sites for STAT ( S ignal T ransducers and A ctivators of T ranscription) transcription factors. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)
Upon phosphorylation, STAT3 proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they bind to promoter elements of target genes and modulate their transcription (4). (abwizbio.com)
In addition ot Tyr705 phosphorylation, Ser727 is required for maximal activation although Tyr705 phopsohrylation plays a key activating role (7,8). (abwizbio.com)
These proteins restrict Ebola virus growth by binding and altering the phosphorylation status of the viral transcriptional activator VP30. (mssm.edu)
We examined a panel of prolactin-induced tumors for characteristics relevant to clinical tumors: histotype, ERα/progesterone receptor (PR) expression and estrogen responsiveness, Activating Protein 1 (AP-1) components, and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and AKT. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytokines induce a variety of biological responses by binding to specific cell surface receptors and activating cytoplasmic signaling pathways (e.g., the JAK/STAT pathway). (creativebiomart.net)
Leptin-activated leptin receptor (LepRb) signals in hypothalamus via several pathways, in which JAK2-STAT3 pathway, the most extensively investigated one, is considered to mediate the major action of leptin in energy regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Like all plus-strand RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 replication process within cells requires de novo production of viral RNA species, including single-strand (ss)RNA and double-strand (ds)RNA that can be sensed by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) subsequently activating antiviral pathways 7 . (nature.com)
Prolactin (PRL) exerts independent hypertrophic effects on prostate in in vivo and in vitro experimental models, and prostatic PRL receptors are known to activate cell proliferation pathways such as MAPK and STAT. Nevertheless, in men with hyperprolactinemia the risk of prostate cancer has been found reduced suggesting a role of concomitant hypogonadism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
1. Role of the cytokine-signal transduction pathways and epigenetic gene silencing in pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma. (upenn.edu)
They indicate that pathways involving STAT3, PI3K/AKT and, apparently, STAT5 are constitutively activated by this kinase. (upenn.edu)
Examples include the identification of filovirus-encoded innate immune modulators that prevent production of type I interferons (IFN) via RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways, that block IFN-induced Jak-STAT signaling and that activate cellular antioxidant response pathways. (mssm.edu)
Although mutation- or pathway-directed targeted therapy (e.g., using tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat Philadelphia chromosome [Ph]-positive and Phlike B-cell-ALL) is currently available for only a minority of children with ALL, many of the newly identified molecular alterations have led to the exploration of approaches targeting deregulated cell pathways. (haematologica.org)
FLT3 ITD constitutively activates a signaling network, including the RAS- and STAT-signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore signaling pathways that regulate mammalian ISC activity such as for Diacetylkorseveriline example Wnt JAK/STAT EGFR/Ras Hippo BMP and Notch also play essential jobs in regulating ISC activity during regular homeostasis and/or tension conditions (evaluated by) (Biteau et al. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Gene expression profiling has clearly demonstrated that this disease entity is different from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and has identified several deregulated pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PMBCL. (medscape.com)
In vitro studies of monocytes/macrophages indicate that gamma interferon is an important regulator of 1α-hydroxylase but only when other key signaling pathways are also activated (eg, JAK-STAT and MAP-Kinase). (medscape.com)

Biochemical and genetic analysis has demonstrated that Stat1 is essential for gene activation in response to interferon stimulation. (nih.gov)
Although progress has been made toward understanding STAT activation, little is known about how STAT signals are down-regulated. (nih.gov)
PIAS1, but not other PIAS proteins, blocked the DNA binding activity of Stat1 and inhibited Stat1-mediated gene activation in response to interferon. (nih.gov)
These results identify PIAS1 as a specific inhibitor of Stat1-mediated gene activation and suggest that there may exist a specific PIAS inhibitor in every STAT signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
They also block STAT activation and target multiple components of the Jak/STAT pathway for Ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. (creativebiomart.net)
Fig.1 JAK-STAT pathway activation and its negative regulators. (creativebiomart.net)
They are induced by STAT activation and act as a negative feedback loop to inhibit further signaling. (creativebiomart.net)
By attenuating the Jak/STAT signaling, they prevent excessive inflammation and immune cell activation. (creativebiomart.net)
Coactivators such as CREB-binding protein are required for the transcriptional activation by STAT3. (thermofisher.com)
Upon cytokine activation receptor chain- bound STATs are then phosphorylated on the tyrosine residues, which results in dimerisation of STAT proteins that translocate to the nucleus and activate gene transcription. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
We found that cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells display activation of the interleukin-2 receptor/cytokine common chain-associated Jak/STAT signal transduction pathway that is transient in the early stage of the lymphoma and constitutive in the late stage of the disease progression. (upenn.edu)
More recently we determined that the constitutive Jak/STAT activation is due, at least in part, to the lack of expression of SHP-1 phosphatase, which normally down-regulates IL-2R/ c-mediated cell activating signals. (upenn.edu)
Kiyoi H, Towatari M, Yokota S, Hamaguchi M, Ohno R, Saito H, Naoe T. Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene is a novel modality of elongation mutation which causes constitutive activation of the product. (banglajol.info)
Activation of STAT5 alpha in myeloma and lymphoma associated with a TEL/JAK2 gene fusion is independent of cell stimulus and has been shown to be essential for the tumorigenesis. (thermofisher.com)
This constitutive expression of chemokines occurs due to transcriptional activation of the encoding genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
In part the endogenous transcription of chemokine genes in melanoma cells is due to altered NF-κB activation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Their function is regulated by the activation of a number of activating and inhibitory receptors that bind to specific ligands expressed on the surface of target cells. (frontiersin.org)
2014 whereas enteroendocrine cell differentiation from EB needs release from the inhibition from the transcriptional repressor Tramtrack and activation of acheate-scute complicated (AS-C) genes and Prospero (Benefits) the enteroendocrine cell dedication element (Bardin et al. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Its manifestation Diacetylkorseveriline began to show up with age with 4-5 days outdated weak Sox21a manifestation appeared particularly in Dl+ ISCs and Notch-activated EBs that may be marked with a Notch activation reporter Su(H)Gbe>GFP (NRE>GFP) (Shape 1B). (bio-biz-navi.com)
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)

PIAS proteins were named based on their ability to inhibit STAT. For example, PIAS1 inhibited STAT1, and PIAS3 inhibited STAT3. (wikipedia.org)
The key function that STAT1 and STAT2 play in the transcriptional response to IFNα/β and in the induction of antiviral XMD8-92 activity continues to be showed in knockout mice and in mutant individual cell lines lacking in these proteins. (bibf1120.com)
The Basler lab's interest in virus-IMPA interactions was initially spurred by the finding that the Ebola virus VP24 protein directly binds to a subset of IMPA family members, preventing IMPA interaction with the non-classical nuclear localization signal on activated STAT1. (mssm.edu)

PIAS proteins act as transcriptional co-regulators with at least 60 different proteins in order to either activate or repress transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Homologues of PIAS proteins have been found in other eukaryotes, and several are listed below: Zimp/dPIAS in Drosophila melanogaster zfPIAS4a in zebrafish SIZ1 and SIZ2 in yeast PIAS proteins contribute to the control of gene expression, and may be considered transcriptional co-regulators. (wikipedia.org)
One function of PIAS proteins is to relocate transcriptional regulators to different compartments within the nucleus of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, PIAS proteins are important transcriptional co-regulators of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Key negative regulators of this pathway include Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS), Protein Inhibitors of Activated STATs (PIASs), and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). (creativebiomart.net)
The SOCS proteins are the primary regulators of the Jak/STAT pathway. (creativebiomart.net)
Negative regulators employ diverse mechanisms to constrain the Jak/STAT pathway. (creativebiomart.net)
SOCS proteins are one of the major negative regulators of the Jak/STAT pathway. (creativebiomart.net)
PIAS proteins are another class of negative regulators that exert their inhibitory effects by directly interacting with activated STATs. (creativebiomart.net)
Negative regulators of the Jak/STAT pathway play a critical role in modulating immune responses. (creativebiomart.net)
Negative regulators, such as SOCS proteins, act as tumor suppressors by inhibiting aberrant Jak/STAT signaling. (creativebiomart.net)
Negative regulators of the Jak/STAT pathway are essential for maintaining proper cellular homeostasis and preventing pathological conditions. (creativebiomart.net)
Creative BioMart offers a wide range of products and services related to Jak/STAT pathway research, including recombinant proteins, antibodies, and assay kits, to facilitate the study of these negative regulators and their potential applications in various fields. (creativebiomart.net)
Using a chemo-genetic approach, we identify BET bromodomain containing proteins BRD2 and BRD4 as central regulators of NK cell functions, including direct cytokine secretion, NK cell contact-dependent inflammatory cytokine secretion from monocytes as well as NK cell cytolytic functions. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, the malignant cells also lack CD15 expression but have frequent positivity of the transcriptional regulators BCL6, PAX5, and BOB1. (medscape.com)

Protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS), also known as E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS, is a protein that regulates transcription in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
The transcription factors STAT, NF-κB, p73, and p53 are among the many proteins that PIAS interacts with. (wikipedia.org)
The seven proteins that belong to the mammalian PIAS family are encoded by four genes: PIAS1, PIAS2 (PIASx), PIAS3, and PIAS4 (PIASy). (wikipedia.org)
Homologues of PIAS proteins have been found in other eukaryotes, including Zimp/dPIAS in Drosophila melanogaster and zfPIAS4a in zebrafish. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS proteins contain each conserved domain and motif of the PIAS protein family, with a few exceptions. (wikipedia.org)
The known functions of these domains and motifs are similar among all PIAS protein family members. (wikipedia.org)
Presently, less is known about the higher order structure of PIAS proteins. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS proteins have potential applications in cancer treatment and prevention. (wikipedia.org)
When it was discovered that PIAS proteins did far more than simply inhibit STATs, it was proposed that the PIAS acronym should stand for Pleiotropic Interactors Associated with SUMO based on their association with SUMO proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS is an alternative name for PIAS proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The table below lists the seven known proteins that belong to the mammalian PIAS protein family. (wikipedia.org)
Due to alternative splicing, some PIAS protein-encoding genes encode multiple protein products called isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
While PIAS proteins interact with at least 60 different proteins involved in transcription, they are known to act as E3 SUMO-protein ligases. (wikipedia.org)
In essence, the RING-finger-like zinc-binding domain of the PIAS protein assists in the attachment of a SUMO protein to the target transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
Attachment of a SUMO protein to the target allows for protein-protein interaction between PIAS and the transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS proteins also play a key role in double-stranded break DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
The three-dimensional protein structures of PIAS2, PIAS3, and PIAS-like protein SIZ1 were recently solved using X-ray crystallography. (wikipedia.org)
We report here the isolation of a family of PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) proteins. (nih.gov)
PIAS proteins interact with activated STAT dimers and inhibit STAT-mediated transcription. (creativebiomart.net)
Additionally, PIAS proteins can also recruit corepressors and histone deacetylases to inhibit STAT-mediated gene expression. (creativebiomart.net)
We later identified PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT)xalpha as a DJ-1-binding protein, and found that DJ-1 restored androgen receptor (AR) transcription activity that was repressed by PIASxalpha. (nih.gov)

STAT3 mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
The dowstrean targets include cell cycle regulatory genes such as fos , cyclin D , c-Myc , pim1 and anti-apoptotic genes such as B-cell CLL/Lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2 ), Bcl-xL , survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( XIAP ) (6). (abwizbio.com)
of transcription of genes that encode cytokines chemokines adhesion factors and inhibitors of apoptosis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)

These functions include acting as E3 SUMO-protein ligases during SUMOylation, which is an important process in transcriptional regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Fig.2 Negative regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. (creativebiomart.net)
Histone H1-dependent chromatin dynamics have been shown to be important in a variety of biological phenomena and in the transcriptional regulation of a certain gene (20-24). (techblessing.com)
Aberrant cell signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in human lymphomas. (upenn.edu)
Regulation and function of STAT3 in the ALK+ T-cells and testing an ALK-inhibitor small molecule candidate are the main focus of the ongoing investigation. (upenn.edu)
The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
NFATs are a family of TFs that are physiologically activated by the calcium-activated serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin, which dephosphorylates NFAT, thereby leading to their nuclear translocation and target gene regulation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recognition of acetylated chromatin marks by BRDs enables the regulation of gene expression through a wide range of activities. (frontiersin.org)

OGT transfers O-GlcNAc moieties from UDP-GlcNAc to serine and threonine residues of proteins and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the opposite reaction to remove O-GlcNAc. (nature.com)
Whereas the standard immunosuppressive agents foster development of PTLDs, the impact of novel immunosuppressive agents from the group of selective inhibitors of TOR serine/treonine kinase such as rapamycin and its derivatives including RAD remains undetermined. (upenn.edu)
The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
Calcineurin (CN) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase first identified in brain and also known as protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). (pancreapedia.org)
CnA ( Figure 1 ) contains the catalytic domain, which is homologous to other serine/threonine protein phosphatases (4). (pancreapedia.org)

SOCS proteins, including SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and CIS, bind to activated Jaks and cytokine receptors, leading to their degradation or blocking the recruitment of downstream signaling molecules. (creativebiomart.net)
In contrast, classical immune (type I/ II) cytokine receptors do not have intrinsic protein kinase activity but associate with the Janus family of kinases (JAKs). (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
The biological functions of chemokines are mediated through seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
CXCL8 and CXCL6 bind to the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 whereas CXCL1 and other CXC-chemokines that have a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif at their amino terminus (CXCL2 -3 and-5) bind to and activate CXCR2 only2. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
There are also viral receptors and binding proteins for these chemokines3. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
In particular, NK cells mediate their cytolytic function through the engagement of activating receptors, such as NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp46, and NKp44 ( 3 , 4 ), or following pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

Tyrosine phosphorylated STATs dimerize and translocate into the nucleus to activate specific genes. (nih.gov)
STAT3 belongs to the family of STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins which are phosphorylated by receptor associated kinases, translocate to the nucleus, and act as transcription factors in response to cytokines and growth factors. (thermofisher.com)
In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. (thermofisher.com)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was initially showed to control acute-phase genes in response to interleukin-6 (IL-6) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) during inflammatory processes (1). (abwizbio.com)

A number of endogenous inhibitors have also been identified. (pancreapedia.org)
PP2A and PP1, but not Cn, are inhibited by the exogenously administered phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid, microcystin, and calyculin, as well as the endogenous inhibitors inhibitor-1 and DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa). (pancreapedia.org)
Cross-reactivity with other endogenous STAT isoforms has not been observed. (thermofisher.com)

Different members of the STAT protein family have distinct functions in cytokine signaling. (nih.gov)
Here, we have evaluated transcriptional and cytokine secretion profiles and detected a distinct upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in infected cell cultures and samples taken from infected patients. (nature.com)
Substrate recognition by either RNA or DNA sensors leads to signaling cascades that activate two major branches of the innate immune response, the type I/III IFN response and the inflammatory cytokine response (reviewed in ref. 11 ). (nature.com)
Upon cytokine and growth factor stimulation STAT3, a transcription factor, is activated. (abwizbio.com)

Apart from PIAS1, each gene encodes two protein isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an acute and persistent swine virus with a high economic burden that encodes multiple genes to evade host immune response. (mdpi.com)
Expression of ALK in malignant T cells is typically due to the t(2;5) translocation resulting in formation of the fusion gene which encodes a 80-kDa hybrid protein that contains portion of the nuclear protein nucleophosmin (NPM) joined to the entire cytoplasmic portion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK. (upenn.edu)
Song et al identified a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the A-20 protein, which acts as an inhibitor to the NF-kappa-B pathway downstream from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor. (medscape.com)

STAT3 belongs to the STAT family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that induces cell membrane-mediated nuclear signal transduction in various cellular activities (2). (abwizbio.com)

Additionally, STATT can recruit protein phosphatases to dephosphorylate and inactivate STAT3, further attenuating its activity. (creativebiomart.net)
STAT3 can also be activated by Interferon-alpha, Interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. (thermofisher.com)
In humans, the STAT3 gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 17. (thermofisher.com)
STAT3 has been shown to be activated by IFN-alpha but not IFN-beta. (thermofisher.com)
The transcription factors associated with STAT3 are c-Jun and cyclic AMP-responsive enhancer binding protein (CREB). (thermofisher.com)
The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity of STAT3 while the PIAS3 protein is a specific inhibitor of STAT3. (thermofisher.com)
Deletion of the STAT3 gene in knock-out mice was lethal at the early embryonic stage. (thermofisher.com)
For instance knockout from the STAT3 gene in mice network marketing leads to early embryonic lethality and STAT3-deficient cell lines cannot end up being isolated (13). (bibf1120.com)
DSTN These results led us to consider the possibility that the defect in IFN-resistant Daudi cells may reflect an failure to activate a STAT3-dependent signaling pathway. (bibf1120.com)
Phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), as a transcription factor, binds to and regulates its target gene such as POMC gene, playing the physiological function of leptin. (biomedcentral.com)
Regarding POMC gene in hypothalamus however little is known about the detail of its interaction with STAT3. (biomedcentral.com)

For instance, due to their genetic flexibility, viruses have developed various viral proteins and non-coding RNAs to interrupt several checkpoints of cGAS-STING. (frontiersin.org)
In this work, we have revealed that early viral protein UBCv1, the only known conjugating enzyme encoded by a virus, modulates innate immune and inflammatory signaling. (mdpi.com)
As proteins encoded by not only have anti-viral activities but also affect host-cellular events (5) the ISG transcription needs to be silenced in the IFN-unstimulated condition. (techblessing.com)
Because viral innate immune evasion proteins typically carry out additional critical functions for the virus, the Basler lab has investigated virus-host interactions that modulate various aspects of viral replication. (mssm.edu)
The presence of multiple host factors that can restrict virus replication by targeting a single interaction interface on a viral protein is highly unusual. (mssm.edu)

This blocks transcriptional responses to IFNs counteracting their antiviral activities. (mssm.edu)

Oral iron supplementation (20.56 mg elemental Fe/kg bw) to aloin-treated rats normalized red blood corpuscles count, hemoglobin concentration, and serum levels of total iron binding capacity and saturated transferrin, as well as hepatic iron content, hepcidin level, and mRNA expression of ferritin heavy chain (Ferr-H) and transferrin receptor-1 (TfR-1) genes. (bvsalud.org)
Also, activated Ferr-H mRNA expression and repressed TfR-1 mRNA expression were recorded, compared to doxorubicin treatment per se. (bvsalud.org)
MiRNA usually binds directly to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target gene mRNA through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) [ 15 , 16 ]. (ersjournals.com)
In a recent example, the Basler lab identified multiple host proteins possessing PPxPxY motifs as modulators of Ebola virus mRNA synthesis. (mssm.edu)

Linker histone H1 binds near to the entry and exit sites of the nucleosome core particle (NPC) which consists of a 147-base-pair (bp)-long deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) wrapped around a histone octamer consisting of two copies each of the core histone proteins H2A H2B H3 and H4 and facilitates the higher order chromatin structure (17-19). (techblessing.com)

Decreased levels of 1,25(OH)2 D can result from chronic kidney disease, various heritable disorders, tumor-induced osteomalacia, the use of HIV protease inhibitors, or severe vitamin D deficiency. (medscape.com)

The protein concentration was quantified using a Bio Rad detergentcompatible protein assay reagent. (alk-inhibitors.com)

Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
The microenvironments of the low- and high-risk groups were assessed using xCell, the expression of immune checkpoints was determined, and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed. (hindawi.com)

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase which acts as a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. (cusabio.com)

These regulatory proteins also modulate the DNA-binding properties of STATs by facilitating SUMOylation of the dimers. (creativebiomart.net)

As the second messenger, cGAMP activates STING and induces the following cascade to produce type I interferon (IFN-I) to protect against infections. (frontiersin.org)
which have a variety of binding sites for sequence-specific transcription factors and specify characteristic chromatin structures mediated by nucleosome positioning specific histone modifications histone variants and other factors (1 2 For the transcription of type-I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) promoters containing sequence motifs known as IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) are the binding sites of the sequence-specific transcription factors activated by IFN stimulation. (techblessing.com)

Understanding their mechanisms and functions provides valuable insights for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the Jak/STAT signaling pathway. (creativebiomart.net)
Small molecule Jak inhibitors as therapeutic agents have become a reality and the palette of such inhibitors will likely expand. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
RNA-Binding proteins in cancer: Functional and therapeutic perspectives. (banglajol.info)

They act as pseudo-Jak substrates to inhibit Jak/STAT signaling. (creativebiomart.net)
Also, since BCL6 interacts with several co-repressor complexes to inhibit transcription, and its gene is frequently trans-located and hyper-mutated in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), miR-155 acts to enhance transcription and contribute to the pathogenesis of DLBCL. (biomedcentral.com)

When GFLs bind with GFRα, they form complexes and associate with the RET receptor, subsequently activating downstream signaling. (medsci.org)

As BCL6 has been shown to modulate the STAT-dependent Interleukin 4 (IL-4) responses of B cells, miR-155 acts to increase B cell functioning. (biomedcentral.com)

five mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM beta glycerophosphate, 1 mM Na3VO4, 1 ug ml leupeptin also as Protease inhibitor Combine G. (mirnainhibitors.com)
HIV protease inhibitors have been reported to markedly suppress the activities of 25- and 1α-hydroxylase and thus affect 1,25(OH)2 D synthesis. (medscape.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (about 21 nucleotides long) strands of non-coding RNA that regulate the expression of multiple genes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, BRDs contain several catalytic domains that enable them to act as methyltransferases, ATP-dependent re-modellers or histone acetyltransferases and helicases ( 8 ) Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are a family of transcriptional mediators that regulate gene expression ( 8 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)

The three-dimensional protein structures of PIAS2, PIAS3, and SIZ1 have only recently been solved. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS1, PIAS3, and PIAS4 have been shown to recruit proteins to the site of the damage and promote repair. (wikipedia.org)

Tumour angiogenesis growth and metastasis are facilitated by the NF-κB-modulated transcription of chemokine genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)

The NPM/ALK kinase is constitutively activated and highly oncogenic. (upenn.edu)
In this review I explore the mechanisms by which constitutively activated kinases that GW788388 function upstream of the NF-κB cascade facilitate chemokine-mediated tumorigenesis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)

While the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2 ( NFAT2 , NFATC1 ) is overexpressed in AML, it is unknown whether it plays a role in FLT3 ITD -induced HSC transformation. (biomedcentral.com)

PIAS1 is the only gene of this family that does not encode any isoforms. (wikipedia.org)

Jak/STAT signaling is also regulated by numerous constitutively expressed PTPs that dephosphorylate important tyrosine residues on multiple components of the pathway, thereby attenuating Jak/STAT signaling. (creativebiomart.net)
Bromodomains are proteins that contain modules of ~110 amino acids that recognize and bind acetylated lysine residues in histones and other proteins. (frontiersin.org)

inactivating the protein kinase activity of EIF2AK3/PERK. (cusabio.com)

15 The dynamic addition and removal of O-GlcNAc has been described for multiple cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins and it affects the function of various signaling molecules and transcription factors. (nature.com)

Prolactin-induced carcinomas were markedly diverse with respect to histotype, ERα/PR expression, and activated signaling cascades. (biomedcentral.com)

E7 from human papil omavirus type 16 cooperate to cancer: the European prospective investigation into doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp321 PMID:20047954 target the PDZ protein Na/H exchange regulatory cancer and nutrition study. (who.int)

BRDs can act as scaffolds that enable the recruitment of large protein complexes or they can act as transcription factors themselves. (frontiersin.org)

These findings indicate that TOR inhibitors such as RAD may be effective in prevention and treatment of PTLDs and, possibly, other types of B-cell lymphoma. (upenn.edu)
Gene expression studies have confirmed that PMBCL is molecularly different from DLBCL and that it may resemble Hodgkin lymphoma. (medscape.com)

Western blot analysis of STAT5 alpha was performed by loading 20 µg of NIH/3T3 (lane1), A431 (lane2), K562 (lane3) and Ramos (lane4) cell lysate using Novex® NuPAGE® 4-12 % Bis-Tris gel (Product # NP0321BOX), XCell SureLock™ Electrophoresis System (Product # EI0002), Novex® Sharp Pre-Stained Protein Standard (LC5800), and iBlot® Dry Blotting System (IB21001). (thermofisher.com)
STAT5 alpha is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. (thermofisher.com)
The mouse counterpart of STAT5 alpha is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), which suggests the antiapoptotic function of this protein in cells. (thermofisher.com)
The amino acid sequences of STAT5 alpha and STAT5 beta show 96% sequence similarity, and both proteins are co expressed in most tissues in virgin and lactating mice. (thermofisher.com)

O-GlcNAcylation regulates the transcriptional activity of p53, c-Myc, FoxO1 and CREB, as well as components of the basal transcription machinery, for example, the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. (nature.com)

Frequently, low doses of natural chemical products activate an adaptive stress response, whereas high doses activate acute responses like autophagy and cell death. (hindawi.com)

The excess of glucocorticoids (GC) levels represents the most common cause of myopathy due to an alteration of protein metabolism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Anatomy11

Organisms13

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs107

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science21

Health Care2

Post-transcriptional5

Phosphorylation13

Pathways12

Activation20

STAT13

Regulators15

PIAS21

Apoptosis4

Regulation8

Serine5

Receptors6

Translocate3

Activator1

Endogenous3

Cytokine4

Encodes4

Cytoplasmic transcription factors1

STAT311

Viral5

Antiviral1

MRNA4

Binds1

Tumor1

Assay1

Immune2

Phosphatase1

SUMOylation1

Type I interferon2

Therapeutic3

Inhibit2

Downstream1

Modulate1

Protease2

Regulate2

PIAS32

Metastasis1

Constitutively activated2

Transcription factor1

Encode1

Residues2

Kinase activity1

Signaling molecules1

Cascades1

Regulatory1

Complexes1

Lymphoma2

STAT54

Regulates1

Responses1

Metabolism1