The test is a colorimetric assay which measures the expression of genes induced by genotoxic agents in Escherichia coli, by means of a fusion with the structural gene for β-galactosidase. (wikipedia.org)
This test was developed as a practical complement or alternative to the traditional Ames test assay for genotoxicity, which involves growing bacteria on agar plates and comparing natural mutation rates to mutation rates of bacteria exposed to potentially mutagenic compounds or samples. (wikipedia.org)
Traditionally, the in vitro toxicity assays that have been used to identify molecules that carry drug-related DILI risk factors include two-dimensional (2D) cell systems and other standard preclinical model… The principal application of this assay is to rapidly screen test compounds to identify those that induce acute liver cell toxicity. (holocausto.online)
The positive control induced a high degree of toxicity in all in vitro tests performed, indicating that the toxicity observed in the direct contact assay was due to in situ extraction of toxic components. (holocausto.online)
For many regulatory authorities, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) is the preferred assay for the predictive identification of skin-sensitizing chemicals. (cdc.gov)
The primary reasons for the preferment of the LLNA are the animal welfare benefits it provides compared with traditional guinea-pig methods (refinement and reduction of animal usage) and the general performance characteristics of the assay with regard to overall reliability, accuracy, and interpretation. (cdc.gov)
Clinical2
Therefore, toxicity testing is strictly controlled and has to be performed in animals and in GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) conditions to select a safe starting dose for the clinical trial in humans. (holocausto.online)
We evaluated the predictive accuracy and clinical validity of each model using the receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Genotoxicity1
THE SOS chromotest is considered to be the most simple and rapid short-term test for genotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Methods4
The SOS chromotest is comparable in accuracy and sensitivity to established methods such as the Ames test and is a useful tool to screen genotoxic compounds, which could prove carcinogenic in humans, in order to single out chemicals for further in-depth analysis. (wikipedia.org)
Considering the ethical issues and the cost of in-vivo animal tests, the pharmaceutical industry now relies more on in-vitro methods for toxicity testing in the drug development phase. (holocausto.online)
building Research in Political Science An test to Comparative Methods and Statistics. (phoenixbioscience.com)
Arguably, it is the limitations (e.g., the occurrence of false positive and false negative results) of test methods that are most important to understand. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations4
The test is performed over a few hours in columns of a 96-well microplate with increasing concentrations of test samples. (wikipedia.org)
The SOS chromotest consists of incubating the E. coli with increasing concentrations of the chemical to be tested. (wikipedia.org)
Since the chemical tested may inhibit protein synthesis at higher concentrations, which would lead to an underestimation of B-galactosidase induction, alkaline phosphatase is assayed simultaneously with β-galactosidase in order to scale the data to survivability of the cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cox proportional hazards regression showed that the fecal concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and propionate were, together, predictive of mouse longevity even while controlling for sex, site, and acarbose. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemicals4
Secondly, it may allow the detection of genotoxic chemicals which yield false negatives in the Ames test (such as estradiol, a compound of growing concern). (wikipedia.org)
Because no battery of tests is required on dietary supplement ingredients, results from safety tests common to other chemicals are not widespread, although they are available for some ingredients. (nationalacademies.org)
These and other events triggered the genera- built on observations of the adverse effects of tion of batteries of predictive tests, the large chemicals on human health, and the need to pre- majority using mammalian species (6, 7). (cdc.gov)
There is one to human health that might result from spillage of issue that all the tests have in common, be they chemicals on to human skin, notably during occu- in vivo, in vitro, or in silico - none of them is perfect. (cdc.gov)
Compounds1
Firstly, because of its simplicity and rapidity, the SOS chromotest may be used as a screening test for a large number of potentially genotoxic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
Regulatory2
In regulatory testing situation these in vitro toxicity assays must be reliable, because from these tests it is only possible to generalize the data to … First Published 1995. (holocausto.online)
Because humans are the primary subject of interest for regulatory safety testing, it is advantageous to have human reference data available for evaluation of NAMs for assessing chemical safety. (nih.gov)
Data5
Scientists with CPSC , FDA , and NIEHS and collaborators compiled such a data set for human skin sensitization potential by collecting data from the scientific literature for human predictive patch tests that used the human maximization or human repeated insult patch test protocols. (nih.gov)
The data collection identified 2,255 tests that were deemed to be sufficiently reliable for the analysis, including reports for 232 substances with at least two test results. (nih.gov)
Next, I will explore cryptography in the context of securing data against breaches, considering the reality that attackers will gain access to cryptographic key material --- thus rendering traditional encryption ineffective. (usc.edu)
When properly regulated to protect personal privacy, these data have enormous power to refine and clarify the traditional questions posed by the social sciences. (apaopen.org)
In 2017, my MIT research group analyzed a uniquely large and complete database describing the life trajectories of at-risk children and used these data to build predictive models for life outcomes ranging from eviction from home to "grit" to school grade-point average. (apaopen.org)
Study4
An in vitro (latin: \"in the glass\") test is a study that is performed outside of a living organism (i.e, glass, petri dishes). (holocausto.online)
The discoveries may provide new ideas for the mechanism study of traditional Chinese medicine, especially complex prescriptions, in treating fatigue and AMI. (bvsalud.org)
Testing of feces obtained through the National Animal Health Monitoring System ‚ " s Swine 2000 study for the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. (dmu.edu)
The Interventions Testing Program (ITP) is a long-running, well-powered study of longevity enhancing interventions in genetically heterogeneous mice with identical protocols replicated at each of three study sites [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Safety1
In vitro toxicity assays are used to determine the potential of a new pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food additive, or other chemical product to be hazardous to humans.In vitro studies, which are performed on cultured bacterial or mammalian cells, can be used as an initial screen to avoid the unnecessary use of animals in determining which candidates should move forward for further safety testing. (holocausto.online)
Results1
These results motivate future studies exploring manipulation of the gut microbial community and its fermentation products for increased longevity, testing causal roles of SCFAs in the observed effects of acarbose. (biomedcentral.com)
Animal1
NLM developed ALTBIB to provide access to PubMed citations for users seeking information on alternatives to animal testing. (nih.gov)
Cost1
It serves as a useful and cost effective complement to the traditional Ames test for a number of reasons. (wikipedia.org)
Initial2
If using a micro-plate reader, the test is quantitative and dose-response curves have an initial linear region. (wikipedia.org)
It is the initial requirement for sensitization testing within the new REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chem- ical substances) regulations in the European Union. (cdc.gov)
Program2
We're always looking for flexibility, because we need to be able to act and be able to deliver technology that not only works, but in a timely manner," said Colonel Carlos Quiñones, director of the Space Test Program. (24ssports.com)
The second flight - another test, taking place in January 2021 - went well: LauncherOne put 10 cubes into orbit for NASA's Nano Cell Launch Education program. (24ssports.com)
Response2
Ackerman T.A. (1994) Using multidimensional item response theory to understand what items and tests are measuring. (rasch.org)
Virgin Orbit cites aeronautical launch strategy - a strategy it shares with space tourism outfit Virgin galaxy , also part of billionaire Richard Branson's Virgin Group - as a key advantage, giving customers more flexibility and response than they can get with a traditional vertical launch rocket. (24ssports.com)
Skin2
None of the protocol variables such as test type, skin patch size, sample size, or dose applied were associated with high or low variability. (nih.gov)
There is, therefore, a view that the LLNA represents the `gold standard' for skin sensitization testing. (cdc.gov)
Phase3
The application of High Content Screening for in vitro toxicity testing is a relatively new approach in the preclinical research phase of drug development. (holocausto.online)
While toxicity test has been traditionally completed in the preclinical phase, in vitro toxicity studies in the early drug discovery stages could significantly reduce failures at a later stage and prevent economic loss. (holocausto.online)
The test phase ended with a successful, third flight loft seven small satellites in June 2021 . (24ssports.com)
Flight5
Join the VFS Electric VTOL Flight Test Council for a presentation on energy reserves for electrically powered aircraft. (umvc.org)
This presentation aims at providing the building blocks for the E-VTOL/Electric Flight Test Council to define mission energy reserves. (umvc.org)
This can then serve to define acceptable flight test practices to validate the energy reserve. (umvc.org)
Join the VFS Electric VTOL Flight Test Council for a presentation on Simplified Vehicle Operations (SVO). (umvc.org)
LauncherOne first flew in May 2020 on a non-satellite test flight. (24ssports.com)
Majority1
The effect of variation in vehicle used could not be analyzed because the majority of tests used a single vehicle. (nih.gov)
Education1
Another, a cube built by NASA's Ames Research Center in California called Satellite Education Technology-13, will demonstrate advanced communication and machine learning at the nanoscale. (24ssports.com)
Research2
ALTBIB is the Bibliography on Alternatives to the Use of Live Vertebrates in Biomedical Research and Testing. (nih.gov)
The fourth payload funded by STP, the Global Star Rating and Risk Mitigation Satellite, is a cubesat test by the US Air Force Research Laboratory that aims to see a prototype patch placed on the outer face of the aircraft. (24ssports.com)
Vitro6
Dunnick: I n vitro tests included the S almonella test. (nih.gov)
Under the direction of Dr. Ray Tennant, NIEHS explored the usefulness of a whole series of in vitro tests to predict cancer. (nih.gov)
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cheonwangbosim-dan is a traditional herbal prescription that is widely used to improve or treat physical and mental illnesses in East Asian countries.Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive and protective effects of a Cheonwangbosim-dan water extract (CBDW) against allergic inflammation using in vitro and in vivo models. (bvsalud.org)
The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of ketoprofen have been demonstrated in classical animal and in vitro test systems. (nih.gov)
There is one to human health that might result from spillage of issue that all the tests have in common, be they chemicals on to human skin, notably during occu- in vivo, in vitro, or in silico - none of them is perfect. (cdc.gov)
More than 180 in vitro and in vivo STTs for predicting mutagenicity and carcinogenicity have been developed, but few have been evaluated on a sufficiently broad spectrum of carcinogens and noncarcinogens to define their predictive value, and no single SST or combination of SSTs has been found to be adequately predictive of carcinogenicity. (nationalacademies.org)
Markers3
These markers may provide targets for discriminatory molecular tests needed in SD surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
According to our results, all test ed concentrations of ciprofloxacin, including the environmental concentration, had an influence on oxidative stress markers and detoxifying enzymes in exposed fish, but did not affect fish growth or cause the development of histopathological changes in the fish organism. (nel.edu)
These findings suggest that predictive model based on combination of AFR and PNI may be useful markers to identify active SLE in clinical practice. (researchsquare.com)
Toxicity1
The tests available indicate that tebufenozide has low toxicity to terrestrial adult and larval stages of invertebrates other than insects of the Order Lepidoptera, including honey bees, mites, spiders, various non-lepidopteran insects and earthworms. (apvma.gov.au)
Screening1
Firstly, because of its simplicity and rapidity, the SOS chromotest may be used as a screening test for a large number of potentially genotoxic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatives2
ALTBIB is the Bibliography on Alternatives to the Use of Live Vertebrates in Biomedical Research and Testing. (nih.gov)
NLM developed ALTBIB to provide access to PubMed citations for users seeking information on alternatives to animal testing. (nih.gov)
Found2
Tests have found that tebufenozide TGAC is practically non-toxic to birds (bobwhite quail and mallard duck). (apvma.gov.au)
To date, we have found that all our tests are within acceptable limits. (noaa.gov)
Molecular1
Powerful computers allow researchers to undertake high volumes of calculations in epidemiology, bioinformatics, and molecular modeling, many of which would take months on traditional computing platforms (or years if done by hand). (venturebeat.com)
Change1
The purpose of the study was to quantify geomorphic change in the canyon, and test the general hypothesis that near shore regions of the canyon that intersect the longshore sediment transport zone are more dynamic than canyon areas of similar depth and geomorphology lying further offshore and beyond the influence of the sediment transport zone. (noaa.gov)
Potential1
Scientists with CPSC , FDA , and NIEHS and collaborators compiled such a data set for human skin sensitization potential by collecting data from the scientific literature for human predictive patch tests that used the human maximization or human repeated insult patch test protocols. (nih.gov)
Single1
The effect of variation in vehicle used could not be analyzed because the majority of tests used a single vehicle. (nih.gov)
Models1
Next, I will present the newest version of the SQuAD dataset, SQuAD 2.0, which tests whether models can distinguish answerable questions from similar but unanswerable ones. (usc.edu)
Evaluation2
Students complete pre- and post-test assessments of knowledge and attitudes, and complete a qualitative program evaluation. (cdc.gov)
It is the initial requirement for sensitization testing within the new REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chem- ical substances) regulations in the European Union. (cdc.gov)
Accuracy1
Abstract: Reading comprehension systems that answer questions over a context passage can often achieve high test accuracy, but they are frustratingly brittle: they often rely heavily on superficial cues, and therefore struggle on out-of-domain inputs. (usc.edu)
Primary2
The authors indicated that primary aromatic amines leached from these utensils, under these test conditions, primarily due to incomplete polymerization. (gc.ca)
The Atlas of neurologic diagnosis and r said, in serum, consumed and narrowed by Jellinek and traditional neurovascular primary others, well with reddish-brown complications. (mr-smartypants.com)
High2
None of the protocol variables such as test type, skin patch size, sample size, or dose applied were associated with high or low variability. (nih.gov)
After pilot testing, 502 middle school and senior high school students completed the survey. (weizmann.ac.il)
Medicine1
Gyeji-tang (GJT) is a traditional Asian medicine that has been used to relieve early-stage cold symptoms, headache, and chills. (bvsalud.org)
Women1
Still, after all the propaganda the other way, 67% of women, about 2/3rds of all women in most societies, want the traditional option. (xn--orthopde-halle-bib.de)