ComfreyToxic alkaloidsHepatotoxicToxinsSenecioMinor toxicityIsoquinoline alkaloidsToxicokineticsLiver DiseaseMetabolismNaturallyNitratesHepaticButterburAlkaloidosisDerived from amino acidsCompoundsAcuteCytochrome P450RetrorsineToxicologyHepatotoxicityBitterIngestionChemChemicalsPharmacologicalPharmacologyTeasMedicinalHumansHorsesNitrogenBotanical1970sSymptomsMechanismsGroundselActionsExtractionCommonVitroDependsPotentialBonePlantSevereDisease
Comfrey12
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids as a subgroup are important for their potential toxicity, for example in Comfrey. (vin.com)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are also found in other plants such as comfrey and borage . (botanical-online.com)
- Comfrey is not recommended for internal use because of the liver damage caused by its pyrrolizidine alkaloids. (hsilgroup.com)
- Case Reports of Toxicity with Internal Use of Comfrey. (hsilgroup.com)
- While comfrey is an herb with a long history of many different uses, its internal use has become quite controversial due to scientific studies, some dating back 40-60 years, that revealed potentially harmful effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) (Moreira et al. (hsilgroup.com)
- The major barrier to testing this plant's therapeutic effects is the naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in comfrey. (dz-bz.com)
- It is important to note, however, that Comfrey Common contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic to the liver when consumed in large quantities. (aushs.org.au)
- Alarming reports of comfrey's toxicity came about in the 1970s, however, after inordinate amounts of comfrey fed to rats caused liver damage in the test animals. (visiontimes.com)
- However, I'd have to qualify that to some extent, because due to certain alkaloids found in most comfrey, it should not be taken internally. (terrytalksnutrition.com)
- Trauma Comfrey is especially safe for open wounds, because it provides highly concentrated healing compounds but does not contain any toxic alkaloids. (terrytalksnutrition.com)
- In the past, comfrey's use has been limited because of compounds common to the root of comfrey called pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). (terrytalksnutrition.com)
- Knowing of both the amazing healing properties of comfrey, yet aware of the potential toxicity issues as well, I was excited to finally find a comfrey cream made in Europe that is free of the toxic liver compounds and yet contains all the healing properties of comfrey. (terrytalksnutrition.com)
Toxic alkaloids2
- Analysis of toxic alkaloids in body samples. (novapublishers.com)
- The toxic alkaloids are metabolized in the liver to highly reactive pyrroles, which produce cytotoxic effects on target sites, most commonly the nuclei of hepatocytes. (msdvetmanual.com)
Hepatotoxic2
- There's a lot of concern about using groundsel as medicine, because it contains chemicals called hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which may block blood flow in the veins, causing liver damage. (medicinenet.com)
- Coltsfoot, horsehoof or British tobacco contains certain amounts of hepatotoxic alkaloids (pyrrolizidine alkaloids). (botanical-online.com)
Toxins6
- More than 350 toxic factors (alkaloids with a pyrrolizidine base) have been found in plants, with some plants containing several pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxins. (msdvetmanual.com)
- cardiovascular system affected by alkaloid toxins. (poultryhelp.com)
- gastrointestinal tract affected by alkaloid toxins. (poultryhelp.com)
- alkaloid toxins may cause respiratory failure. (poultryhelp.com)
- The caterpillars absorb toxins from the foodplant which contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are fatal to livestock and humans if absorbed in sufficient quantity. (butterflyconservation.ie)
- The plants can contain toxins such as alkaloids, saponins, and nitrates. (justformyhorse.com)
Senecio3
- His Pyrrolizidine study combines topics in areas such as Senecio, Pollen, Toxicology and Honey samples. (research.com)
- The University of California has classified the toxicity class of some species of the Senecio family as 2 and 4. (busyyard.com)
- String of Dolphins and other plants in the Senecio family is assigned a toxicity class of 2 and 4. (busyyard.com)
Minor toxicity1
- Toxicity class 2 denotes that the plant is of a minor toxicity level. (busyyard.com)
Isoquinoline alkaloids3
- β-Phenylethylamines and the isoquinoline alkaloids. (novapublishers.com)
- Another group, isoquinoline alkaloids, include berberine, hydrastine and sanguinarine found in herbs such as barberry, Oregon Grape root, goldenseal and bloodroot). (vin.com)
- Isoquinoline alkaloids - Isoquinoline alkaloids 1-Benzyl isoquinoline type: Papaverine: An opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. (powershow.com)
Toxicokinetics2
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) present distinct toxicity potencies depending on their metabolites and in vivo toxicokinetics. (bvsalud.org)
- Toxicity and toxicokinetics of the ethanol extract of Zuojin formula. (dreamtechllc.com)
Liver Disease1
- The plant's yellow blossoms produce toxic seeds that contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), causing liver disease in horses and cattle. (justformyhorse.com)
Metabolism2
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids undergo hepatic metabolism. (msdvetmanual.com)
- The Pyrrolizidine study combines topics in areas such as Carcinogen, Liver tumor, Toxicity, Cytotoxicity and Metabolism. (research.com)
Naturally1
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are a group of alkaloids occurring naturally in various plants. (busyyard.com)
Nitrates1
- Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. (berkeley.edu)
Hepatic2
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis is typically a chronic toxicosis that results in hepatic failure. (msdvetmanual.com)
- His work on Senecionine as part of general Pyrrolizidine alkaloid study is frequently linked to Hepatic encephalopathy, therefore connecting diverse disciplines of science. (research.com)
Butterbur1
- Although butterbur can be potentially beneficial for a number of conditions, there are some butterbur side effects, such as liver toxicity , that you need to be aware of before taking a butterbur supplement. (healthclue.eu)
Alkaloidosis2
- The compound is toxic and consumption can lead to liver damage, cancer, and pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis. (wikipedia.org)
- These molecular alterations are presumed to create the antimitotic and megalocytic effects characteristic of pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis. (msdvetmanual.com)
Derived from amino acids1
- Alkaloids - are derived from amino acids and tend to be bitter tasting (thus acting on the digestive system). (vin.com)
Compounds2
- The poisonous compounds are alkaloids which cause cattle diseases, neoplasms, and liver damage and are used to produce cancers in experimental animals. (bvsalud.org)
- Some teas contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are organic compounds produced by certain plants as a defence against animals that eat them . (healthsachet.com)
Acute3
- The acute toxicity of the Death camas (Zigadenus spp. (usda.gov)
- They are precipitated by tannins, so should not be mixed together (tannins can therefore be used to treat acute alkaloid toxicity). (vin.com)
- This study assessed the sub-acute toxicity effects of Culcasia angolensis leaves extract (CAE). (springeropen.com)
Cytochrome P4501
- The study incorporates disciplines such as Liver injury, Adduct, Chromatography, Cytochrome P450 and Biomarker in addition to Pyrrolizidine alkaloid. (research.com)
Retrorsine1
- other pyrrolizidine alkaloids frequently incriminated in toxicities include retrorsine, seneciphylline, and monocrotaline. (msdvetmanual.com)
Toxicology1
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and food safety. (hsilgroup.com)
Hepatotoxicity1
- More than 6000 plants have been identified that produce Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and about half of them exhibit hepatotoxicity, which is liver damage caused by chemicals. (busyyard.com)
Bitter1
- [7] Since many alkaloids are bitter, traditional methods of preparation may have evolved to remove them. (wikipedia.org)
Ingestion2
- Within hours of ingestion, signs of toxicity can begin to appear in horses. (justformyhorse.com)
- While ingestion is usually rare, last year we saw a suspected case of nightshade toxicity. (justformyhorse.com)
Chem1
- Alkaloids: Chem. (novapublishers.com)
Chemicals1
- The dangerous chemicals in groundsel can be absorbed quickly through broken skin and can lead to dangerous body-wide toxicity. (medicinenet.com)
Pharmacological2
- Recent trends in pharmacological activity of alkaloids in animal colitis: potential use for inflammatory bowel disease. (novapublishers.com)
- Pharmacological activity of alkaloids: a review. (novapublishers.com)
Pharmacology1
- Ge Lin combines subjects such as Bone resorption, Toxicity, Genotoxicity and Carcinogen with his study of Pharmacology. (research.com)
Teas1
- Since ancient times, people have used plants containing alkaloids as remedies in the form of teas, poultices, potions, etc. to treat some diseases or sometimes as poison and dyes. (novapublishers.com)
Medicinal1
- Because of the medicinal use of alkaloids, proper identification is needed for safety purposes for which, a number of identification tests are available. (novapublishers.com)
Humans2
- In general, many alkaloids are pharmacologically active and possess various physiological activities in humans and animals. (novapublishers.com)
- isoquinoline alkaloid causes "epidemic dropsy" in humans. (poultryhelp.com)
Horses1
- Colic, muscle tremors and labored breathing are all signs of toxicity in horses. (justformyhorse.com)
Nitrogen1
- The nitrogen atom in the pyrrolizidine core is weakly basic with an estimated pKa of 5.9. (wikipedia.org)
Botanical2
- Senecionine is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from various botanical sources. (wikipedia.org)
- Other places featured include Midwest locales at the Cleveland Botanical Garden and Boener Botanical gardens in Milwaukee en route to a trip out west. (botanyeveryday.com)
1970s2
- Atropa belladonna contaminated burdock root tea in the 1970s and 1980s, resulting in anticholinergic toxicity. (medscape.com)
- In the 1970s, ginseng contaminated with Mandragora officinarum (scopolamine-containing mandrake) produced anticholinergic toxicity. (medscape.com)
Symptoms1
- Some common symptoms of String of Dolphins toxicity in cats due to ingesting the plant are vomiting, diarrhea, and drooling. (busyyard.com)
Mechanisms1
- The aldehyde is then reduced and then the pyrrolizidine core is desaturated and hydroxylated through yet undetermined mechanisms to form retronecine. (wikipedia.org)
Groundsel1
- Alkaloids - Groundsel. (powershow.com)
Actions1
- Actions of Piperidine Alkaloid Teratogens at Fetal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. (usda.gov)
Extraction2
- There are various extraction and isolation methods, available to obtain alkaloids in a smooth manner, where some are common and some are specific. (novapublishers.com)
- Herein, this work is a comprehensive revision of the web of knowledge on the introductory sight of alkaloids, their classification, extraction techniques, identification tests and pharmaceutical applications. (novapublishers.com)
Common2
- The most common signs of toxicity are appetite loss, chronic weight loss, and photosensitivity of non-pigmented skin. (justformyhorse.com)
- The most common base portion of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. (drugfuture.com)
Vitro1
- Transcriptomics analysis and benchmark concentration estimating-based in vitro test with IOSE80 cells to unveil the mode of action for female reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A at human-relevant levels. (dreamtechllc.com)
Depends1
- In modern days, the biological significance of alkaloids depends on their significant relationship with health benefits. (novapublishers.com)
Potential1
- Despite its potential therapeutic uses, the toxicity profile of Culcasia angolensis has not been evaluated. (springeropen.com)
Bone1
- Its high content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has been shown to enhance bone density and promote faster healing of fractures. (aushs.org.au)
Plant2
- Due to its toxicity, this plant is contraindicated for people suffering from liver diseases. (botanical-online.com)
- The alkaloids of this plant are also toxic to animals. (botanical-online.com)
Severe1
- However, severe signs of toxicity often cannot be reversed. (justformyhorse.com)
Disease1
- Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease produced in rats by administration of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid fulvine. (mcmaster.ca)