• Derivatives of aldehyde, propanoic acid, benzene acetic acid and benzofuran were detected as by-products at many experimental conditions and also, some intermediates with a molecular weight higher than naphthalene were determined. (iwaponline.com)
  • Publishing the results, ETIRA said: "The range of failures included excessive levels of cobalt, benzene , naphthalene and Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether . (therecycler.com)
  • According to the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), workers exposed to oil spills may come in contact with "carcinogenic volatile aromatic compounds like benzene, toluene, and naphthalene. (basicconcepts.com)
  • This includes arsenic, benzene, naphthalene and many other known carcinogenics. (ealinggreenparty.org.uk)
  • A 2001 study conducted by the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) and the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) concluded that cannabis vaporization devices could suppress carcinogenic compounds that are found in cannabis smoke, such as benzene, naphthalene, and toluene. (weedmaps.com)
  • They have replaced the more toxic camphor and naphthalene types. (nih.gov)
  • Mothballs here in Italy are nowadays only camphor-based, but they used to be made of pure naphthalene or pure p-dichlorobenzene back in the 1990s, at most with a 2-10% MgSO 4 . (sciencemadness.org)
  • naphthalene (moth balls), and camphor. (avanti-vending.eu)
  • 1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are naphthalene-related compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Naphthalene toxicity is the result of the biotransformation process, which consists in cellular chemical reactions with the aim of making the compounds more soluble in water, facilitating their excretion. (scielo.br)
  • During biotransformation, besides the generation of more toxic intermediate compounds, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can occur. (scielo.br)
  • I only see p-dichlorobenzene moth balls in the US and thought naphthalene was banned due to the cancer risk from their vapor. (sciencemadness.org)
  • When I look on ebay, almost all the naphthalene moth balls are shipping from Sri Lanka. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Naphthalene moth balls got banned for being an ingestion hazard here. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Be careful when using any kind of moth balls, they are also toxic to humans and pets. (budgiebreeders.asn.au)
  • We've talked before about naphthalene (moth balls), with their toxic fumes and their Grandma's Attic smell. (saltyarnstudio.com)
  • Note: Paradichlorobenzene mothballs are not very toxic. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Instead of using smelly mothballs, which are made from naphthalene -- a toxic substance that, in large levels, can cause numerous health problems -- choose natural lavender. (uexpress.com)
  • Well, I bought some naphthalene mothballs at a Walmart in Texas. (sciencemadness.org)
  • However, the funny thing about naphthalene mothballs being banned where I live is that as they were phased out people just started selling 98% pure naphthalene as "cat repellent crystals" instead, which are totally legal for some reason. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Naphthalene balls, also knowns as mothballs, are small colored solid hydrocarbons with a sharp odor, which are manufactured from fossil fuels like coal and oil. (imarcgroup.com)
  • Usually the commercial type mothballs are made of either naphthalene or para dichlorobenzene. (budgiebreeders.asn.au)
  • Mothballs are toxic to birds and many other animals including humans. (budgiebreeders.asn.au)
  • Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. (nih.gov)
  • Naphthalene was present in seven of the tested cartridges and according to the ECHA classification this substance is very toxic to aquatic life, with long lasting effects, is harmful if swallowed and is suspected of causing cancer. (therecycler.com)
  • This is based on the widely held belief that a substance known to be toxic at a certain concentration will be toxic at any concentration, no matter how low. (msu.edu)
  • In fact, scientists have uncovered numerous toxic substance in what seems like a fairly innocuous device. (naturallivingideas.com)
  • PCNs…are chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-a potentially vast group of little-known environmental contaminants of [human] origin," whose chemical structure "can bestow a dioxin-like mode of toxic action. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • Bioremediation is a strategy that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, into less toxic substances. (kenyon.edu)
  • 13 Pseudomonas stutzeri's relative abundance was seen as a result of its ability to utilize aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, toluene, phenol, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , such as naphthalene . (kenyon.edu)
  • It is beyond the scope of this article to list every potential toxic ingestion. (medscape.com)
  • All living creatures are exposed to naphthalene directly (inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact) or indirectly (food chain). (iwaponline.com)
  • The toxic symptoms are manifested after accidental ingestion or if the skin comes in contact with boric acid. (nacho-alvarez.es)
  • Toxicometric parameters of industrial toxic chemicals under single exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • STUDIES TO EVALUATE THE TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF SELECTEDCHEMICALS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS VIA INHALATION NIH GUIDE, Volume 23, Number 33, September 16, 1994 RFP AVAILABLE: NIH-ES-94-46 P.T. Keywords: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences The purpose of this contract is to evaluate the toxic and carcinogenic potential of selected chemicals of interest. (nih.gov)
  • Other than pet food and fish (which may be most contaminated), how do fire-retardant chemicals (PBDEs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) concentrate in the American food supply? (nutritionfacts.org)
  • What toxic chemicals have the highest priority for reductions in procurement and use? (nih.gov)
  • Pounds of toxic chemicals released directly to surface water at each TRI facility or transferred off-site to a POTW, without weighting for toxicity or population. (grconnect.com)
  • Pounds of toxic chemicals released directly to surface water plus released after treatment at POTW's. (grconnect.com)
  • Depend on the strict management and certificated by the Chinese official,Waston chem is also a professional importer&exporter of hazardous material and toxic chemicals. (chemicalbook.com)
  • The Natural Resources Defence Council (NRDC) found that when testing over a dozen different air fresheners, the majority contained these chemicals that are also listed on the State of California's list of toxic substances "known to cause birth defects or reproductive harm. (naturallivingideas.com)
  • This might be very challenging because the laws passed in ( July 2007) stating that toxic flame retardant chemicals such as (boric acid, antimony and formaldehyde) can be used in newer mattresses, and a new law is to be passed in 2008 which will include these same toxic chemicals in many other stuffed items such as furniture, pillows, comforters, etc. (ecosolutionspro.com)
  • Naphthalene and nitronaphthalene are combustion byproducts and are ubiquitous ambient air and groundwater pollutants, and naphthalene has been measured at high levels in ambient air samples during excavation, blending and treatment of materials at a Superfund site (manufactured gas facility). (nih.gov)
  • Contamination of aquatic environments with dioxins, the most toxic group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), is a major ecological issue. (frontiersin.org)
  • have demonstrated that isolated LDs from rapeseed were capable of effective extraction of some hydrophobic pollutants such as atrazine, carbaryl, parathion, naphthalene, and 2-phenylethanol from aqueous environments. (frontiersin.org)
  • Three sediment samples taken from the Buffalo River, New York, have been analyzed for polychlorinated planar molecules similar in structure to the highly toxic 2,3,7,8-TCDD. (epa.gov)
  • Not really, it's a highly toxic product. (mydecobox.org)
  • Naphthalene is a volatile white crystalline compound obtained through the distillation of coal tar. (perfectz.net)
  • The objectives of this work were (1) to demonstrate how the chemostat approach could be modified to allow determination of kinetic parameters for a sparingly soluble, volatile substrate such as naphthalene and (2) to examine the influence of the interactions of various nutrients on possible growth- inhibitory effects of naphthalene. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These studies shall be conducted according to the Specifications for the Conduct of Studies to Evaluate the Toxic and Carcinogenic Potential of Chemical, Biological and Physical Agents in Laboratory Animals for the National toxicology Program" dated August 1992, with subsequent revisions. (nih.gov)
  • cccsceeeeeseeeeeneeeeeenes 63 Toxic and Carcinogenic Agents-A Summary. (nih.gov)
  • Naphthalene is said to be carcinogenic. (mydecobox.org)
  • Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic pollutant in foods, and its actual detection is crucial. (bvsalud.org)
  • In any industry dealing with potential hazardous, toxic, or polluting materials, there is a risk of leaks and spills - especially when filling oil tanker containers or refueling. (basicconcepts.com)
  • Regulations like the EPA's Clean Water Act and Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) help keep the environment and people safe from exposure to toxic or hazardous materials. (basicconcepts.com)
  • DEET-based Bug Spray Poisoning: It can â ¦ Boric acid has low toxic effect in humans. (nacho-alvarez.es)
  • The case of a young patient is presented who was enjoying good health and who after 6 weeks of starting therapy with terbinafine on a doses of 1 pill of 250 mg a day, to treat a trichophytic onychomycosis in both feet, developed severe symptoms of toxic colostatic hepatitis duly corroborated after pertinent testing. (nih.gov)
  • The EPA is currently conducting a comprehensive review of the available environmental and toxicity data of naphthalene as part of its FIFRA re-registration process. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the revised IDLH for naphthalene is 250 ppm based on acute oral toxicity data in humans [Gerarde 1960]. (cdc.gov)
  • The optimized values of parameters for naphthalene were a ) permeability coefficient for the stratum corneum 6.8 × 10 −5 cm/hr, b ) permeability coefficient for the viable epidermis 3.0 × 10 −3 cm/hr, c ) fat:blood partition coefficient 25.6, and d ) other tissue:blood partition coefficient 5.2. (nih.gov)
  • A chemostat culture of P. putida G7 using naphthalene as a carbon and energy source was accomplished by using a feed augmented with a methanol solution of naphthalene so as to provide sufficient growth to allow accurate evaluation of kinetic parameters. (elsevierpure.com)
  • An MRL of 0.6 mg/kg/day for acute oral exposure to naphthalene is based on a minimal LOAEL of 50 mg/kg/day for clinical signs of toxicity in pregnant rats and a total uncertainty factor of 90 (3 for the use of a minimal LOAEL, 10 for extrapolation from animals to humans, and 3 for human variability). (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of plug-in air fresheners brands contain a chemical known as naphthalene which has been found to cause tissue damage and even lung cancer in laboratory rats and is suspected to have a similar effect in humans. (naturallivingideas.com)
  • They contain naphthalene and are therefore toxic to humans and also to animals. (mydecobox.org)
  • As discussed in Chapter 2 and Appendix A, several MRLs for naphthalene (chronic-duration inhalation, acute-duration oral, and intermediate-duration oral) and chronic-duration oral MRLs for 1-methylnaph- thalene and 2-methylnaphthalene have been derived. (cdc.gov)
  • An MRL of 0.0007 ppm (3x10-3 mg/m3) for chronic inhalation exposure to naphthalene is based on a LOAEL for nasal lesions in rats (Abdo et al. (cdc.gov)
  • No useful data on acute inhalation toxicity are available on which to base the IDLH for naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
  • Our goal was to construct a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model that quantitatively describes the relative contribution of dermal and inhalation exposures to the end-exhaled air concentrations of naphthalene among U.S. Air Force personnel. (nih.gov)
  • PBTK modeling allowed contributions of the end-exhaled air concentration of naphthalene to be partitioned between dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. (nih.gov)
  • Arsine is the gaseous and the most toxic form of the element, arsenic. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also used as a fumigant insecticide that works by turning directly from a solid into a toxic vapor. (avanti-vending.eu)
  • Pseudomonas putida G7 was used as a model naphthalene-degrading microorganism. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Environmental health researchers are working to identify and quantify the relationships between exposure to toxic agents and resulting disease or dysfunction. (nih.gov)
  • Data on establishing the maximum permissible concentration of naphthalene and chloronaphthalene in reservoir water. (cdc.gov)
  • Apart from this, the rising demand for natural naphthalene balls among individuals that are less toxic and highly effective is offering lucrative growth opportunities to industry investors. (imarcgroup.com)
  • The bioaffinity of date palm LDs toward 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic congener of dioxins was determined. (frontiersin.org)
  • Besides this, the growing demand for naphthalene balls due to the increasing prevalence of webbing moths and pantry moths is offering a favorable market outlook. (imarcgroup.com)
  • Elimination of this metabolic pathway can have major benefits, such as increased systemic exposure, prevention of potential toxic effects of quinoline metabolites, and avoiding inter-subject variability based on AO polymorphism. (nih.gov)
  • Hypoxia accentuated the hepatic lesions caused by naphthalene, as well as it also impaired the transcription of tp53 in naphtalene injected fish, demonstrating the risks of contaminating aquatic environments, especially environments where hypoxic conditions are common and occur on a daily or on seasonal basis, as in the Amazon basin. (scielo.br)
  • Shi H, Sui Y, Wang X, Luo Y and Ji L (2005) Hydroxyl radical production and oxidative damage induced by cadmium and naphthalene in liver of Carassius auratus. (scielo.br)
  • EPA recommends that Federal agencies begin their EPP efforts by focusing on cadmium, lead, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, and naphthalene. (nih.gov)
  • Poisons that are dangerous if ingested, may not be toxic from other exposures such as skin contact. (canine-epilepsy.com)
  • In addition, the increasing utilization of naphthalene balls as an insecticide and pest repellent is strengthening the growth of the market. (imarcgroup.com)
  • A method is described for the analysis of naphthalene (91203) in air, utilizing adsorption on charcoal, desorption with carbon - disulfide and gas chromatography. (cdc.gov)
  • This company is rank 24 on the Toxic 100 Water list . (grconnect.com)
  • In line with this, the rising demand for naphthalene balls as a deodorant tablet for toilets, urinals, and bathrooms is propelling the growth of the market. (imarcgroup.com)
  • The acute-duration oral MRL of 0.6 mg/kg/day is adopted as the intermediate-duration oral MRL for naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
  • 2001. Early events in naphthalene-induced acute Clara cell toxicity. (nih.gov)
  • Burning tobacco or wood produces naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
  • Naphthalene produces species- and tissue-selective injury, affecting nasal epithelium in both mice and rats, and affecting the pulmonary epithelium of mice but not rats. (nih.gov)
  • As a result, naphthalene balls are widely employed in the residential and commercial sectors across the globe. (imarcgroup.com)
  • The major commercial use of naphthalene is in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. (cdc.gov)
  • Naphthalene, used as an intermediate in the manufacture of azo dyes, phthalic anhydride, surfactants, and pesticides, has caused an increase in naphthalene concentration in nature ( Mangal 2020 ). (iwaponline.com)
  • Tambaquis were intraperitoneally injected with naphthalene (50 mg/kg) and, after 96 hours, the fish were transferred to respirometry chambers and, submitted to progressive hypoxia for the determination of critical PO 2 . (scielo.br)
  • Such reactions include toxic erythema, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, morbilliform and scarlatiniform reactions, urticaria and erythema nodosum. (nih.gov)