AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Torsion AbnormalityTestisSpermatic Cord TorsionTorsion, MechanicalDystonia Musculorum DeformansRete TestisSpermatogenesisOvarian DiseasesSertoli CellsTesticular DiseasesCryptorchidismScrotumOrchitisLeydig CellsRotationEpididymitisSpermatozoaSpermatidsEpididymisSpermatogoniaOrchiopexyWandering SpleenAbdomen, AcuteSeminiferous EpitheliumOvarian CystsTestosteroneSpermatocytesTesticular NeoplasmsFallopian Tube DiseasesOrchiectomyAdnexal DiseasesAdnexa UteriGallbladder DiseasesBiomechanical PhenomenaOrgan SizeMolecular Sequence DataSperm CountOvarySpermatic CordInfertility, MaleMagnetic Resonance Imaging, CineGerm CellsGenitalia, MaleSexual MaturationPeritoneal DiseasesAmino Acid SequenceBase SequenceRNA, MessengerUterine DiseasesModels, MolecularTibiaCecal DiseasesHammer Toe SyndromeMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyBlood-Testis BarrierTissue DistributionProteinsReflex, Vestibulo-OcularSex DifferentiationSplenic DiseasesEye MovementsOrgan SpecificityCompressive StrengthDystoniaImmunohistochemistryGenital Diseases, MaleRats, Sprague-DawleyUrologic Surgical Procedures, MaleTesticular HydroceleSex-Determining Region Y ProteinUltrasonography, Doppler, ColorFertilityDidelphisAbdominal PainSeminal VesiclesParovarian CystOculomotor MusclesStress, MechanicalDNA, ComplementarySex Determination ProcessesSitus InversusConvergence, OcularFollicle Stimulating HormoneGonadsSertoli Cell TumorIn Situ HybridizationNucleic Acid ConformationDibutyl PhthalateTorqueReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionUltrasonography, Doppler
ScrotumSpermatic cordTesticleCases of testicular torsionBilateralEpididymisTwistsTesticlesOrchitisOccursLeft testisRight testisTunica vaginalisInguinal canalDamage to the testisInfarction of the testisPediatricRisk of testicular torsionRule out testicular torsionSuffering with testicular torsionMake testicular torsionCauses testicular torsionDetorsionUndergo torsionOccurDopplerSymptoms of torsionCryptorchidismAbsentDeformityUpper poleScrotal painDiagnosis of torsionContralateralOnset of symptomsSpermatogenesisBlood vesselsIntermittent torsionPartialSurgeriesAppendageAcute scrotalEdemaTwistCremasteric reflexInfectionPosteriorHypospadiasSurgicalTumorVasectomy
Scrotum30
  • The purpose of presenting this case is to emphasize the early intervention of Color Doppler study of scrotum to avoid delayed surgical corrective measures which, if taken on time, could have saved the testis. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • We strongly recommend that Testis must be examined by the consulting physician in all patients presenting with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain and if found tender, the immediate ultrasonography of the scrotum with color doppler imaging should be done. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Testicular torsion is considered one of the important causes of acute scrotum. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Testicular torsion is the cause of 16-39.5% of cases of acute scrotum in childhood [7]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Testicular torsion is the most common cause of acute scrotum in the first year of life (83%) [8]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • His scrotum was also examined which was absolutely normal except tenderness present in right testis. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Those who experience torsion sometimes have weaker connective tissue in the scrotum. (healthline.com)
  • Testicular torsion is twisting of the spermatic cord, which supports the testes in the scrotum. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If clinical suspicion is high for the serious differential diagnosis of testicular torsion, a surgical exploration of the scrotum is warranted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inside the scrotum are two testes , or testicles. (kidshealth.org)
  • Doctors can greatly reduce your risk of another torsion by doing a simple surgical procedure that secures your testicles to your scrotum. (kidshealth.org)
  • Inside the scrotum are two testes (plural of testis), also called testicles. (childrensdayton.org)
  • But if you have a son, it's important that he knows to tell you or a doctor if he ever has pain in his private parts, especially in his scrotum or testes. (childrensdayton.org)
  • If your son has testicular torsion, he'll feel a sudden, possibly severe pain in his scrotum and one of his testicles. (childrensdayton.org)
  • In rare cases, the doctor might be able to untwist the spermatic cord by pushing on the scrotum, but most of the time surgery will still be needed to attach both testicles to the scrotum to stop torsion from occurring in the future. (childrensdayton.org)
  • During surgery, the doctor will make a small cut in the scrotum, untwist the spermatic cord and stitch both testicles to the inside of the scrotum to stop future torsions. (childrensdayton.org)
  • The cause is a congenital anomaly wherein, the testis after descending into the scrotum is not fixed in place and is mobile. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • It is a novel endourologic technique that explores the scrotum and easily provides a direct and clear view of the testis and epididymis. (hindawi.com)
  • but at the operation, it is always important to remember that if the one testis has twisted, the other one tends to follow suit in due course, so, while chopping out the twisted testis, it is absolutely imperative that you suture the other testis to the scrotum so that it can't twist. (blogspot.com)
  • We commonly refer to this finding as cryptorchidism , although by strict definition that term specifically applies to testes that haven't fully completed their epic journey into the scrotum by 4 months of age. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Testicles that have descended, but are prone to retracting out of the scrotum, are called retractile testes and while the phenomenon usually resolves over time they are at increased risk of evolving into a true undescended state. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • It occurs when a testis twists around in the scrotum. (diseasesremedies.com)
  • In some people the testes can move around in the scrotum more than usual. (diseasesremedies.com)
  • The testes are a pair of oval-shaped male genital organs suspended in the scrotum by the corresponding spermatic cord. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Testes may get arrested anywhere along the course to reach into the scrotum, such as in the abdomen, at the deep inguinal ring, in the inguinal canal, or between the superficial inguinal ring and the scrotum [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abnormalities of the testis and scrotum and their surgical management. (medscape.com)
  • Over the last 3 months of gestation, the testis must course its way down from its original retroperitoneal position to its final destination in the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • The testis is a paired, ovoid male reproductive organ that sits in the scrotum, separated from its mate by a scrotal septum. (medscape.com)
  • Inferiorly, the testis is anchored to the scrotum by the scrotal ligament, a remnant of the gubernaculum. (medscape.com)
  • Testes are usually found in the scrotum, although they can be found at any level along the path of embryonic descent from abdomen to scrotum, frequently presenting as inguinal hernias. (medscape.com)
Spermatic cord16
  • Materials and Methods: The left testes of 8 peripubertal NZW rabbits (3-6 months) were subjected to 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min of ischemia by applying a clamp to the spermatic cord, followed by reperfusion. (edu.gh)
  • Testicular torsion , also termed torsion of the spermatic cord, is a relatively common and potentially devastating acute condition resulting from obstruction of the arterial blood supply to the testis. (medscape.com)
  • In partial or incomplete torsion, the spermatic cord is twisted less than 360°, allowing some residual blood perfusion to the testis. (medscape.com)
  • The whirlpool sign-a spiral-like pattern seen on assessment of the spermatic cord using standard high-resolution ultrasonography and/or color Doppler sonography-is a definitive sign for testicular torsion in pediatric and adult patients, but it has a limited role in neonates. (medscape.com)
  • Changes in the testes depend on the duration of torsion and the degree of rotation of the spermatic cord. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular torsion happens when a spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the flow of blood to the attached testicle. (kidshealth.org)
  • The patient should perform the Valsalva maneuver while standing so he can be evaluated for a mass of dilated testicular veins in the spermatic cord forming a varicocele above and behind the testis. (aafp.org)
  • In cases of testicular torsion, an anatomic deformity allows the spermatic cord to twist, resulting in occlusion of testicular blood flow. (aafp.org)
  • I believe I may have partial torsion, but surely after a vasectomy the spermatic cord wouldn't be attached to the testis to cause this problem? (vasectomy-information.com)
  • Torsion occurs when the blood supply to the testicle in the spermatic cord is twisted on itself, preventing the flow of blood to the testis. (vasectomy-information.com)
  • If a testis twists round, the blood supply to the testis is blocked in the twisted spermatic cord. (diseasesremedies.com)
  • An emergency operation is usually done to untwist the testis and spermatic cord and 'fix' the testis in position so that torsion can't happen again. (diseasesremedies.com)
  • Experimental unilateral spermatic cord torsion: the effect of polypolymerase enzyme inhibitor on histopathological and biochemical changes in the early and late periods in the ipsilateral and contralateral testicles. (medscape.com)
  • High testicular salvage rate in torsion of the spermatic cord. (medscape.com)
  • Superiorly, it is suspended by the spermatic cord, with the left testis often sitting lower than the right testis. (medscape.com)
  • The tunica vaginalis testis (a remnant of the processus vaginalis) envelopes the testis in a double layer, except at the superior and posterior borders where the spermatic cord and epididymis adhere to the testes. (medscape.com)
Testicle26
  • Torsion of the testicle is the most common pediatric urologic emergency. (pediatricurology.in)
  • Torsion means that the testicle (testis) itself has been twisted or torsed. (pediatricurology.in)
  • The twisting or torsion blocks the blood vessels, which supply the testicle with oxygen and other nutrients. (pediatricurology.in)
  • Why does torsion of the testicle occur? (pediatricurology.in)
  • Other illnesses can appear like torsion, but because torsion, if left untreated, will lead to the loss of the testicle, any acute scrotal pain is treated as torsion until proven otherwise. (pediatricurology.in)
  • Torsion relieved within six hours or less usually results in no lasting effects, but after six hours there is an increasing risk of damage (decreased sperm production and fertility) or death of the testicle. (pediatricurology.in)
  • The only treatment of testicular torsion is immediate detorsion and fixation of the testicle to the scrotal wall. (pediatricurology.in)
  • When torsion is found on one side the other testicle is also sewn to the scrotal wall (contralateral orchiopexy) because experience has shown that if one testicle can twist the other one can as well. (pediatricurology.in)
  • If a testicle can be brought down into the scrotal sac, even if it bounces back up again upon release, it is a retractile testis. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Testicular torsion is a painful condition where the testicle can twist decreasing its blood supply and eventually leads to testicular loss. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • The other testicle is secured in its scrotal sac to prevent testicular torsion of that testicle. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Torsion of the appendix testis is a twisting of a vestigial appendage that is located along the testicle. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Your physician will make sure no other complications exist, that the testicle itself has no torsion, and provide medication to help reduce any pain that your son may be having. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Testicular torsion usually occurs in only one testicle. (healthline.com)
  • This is because the unaffected testicle is at risk of testicular torsion in the future. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Shrinkage of the testicle may occur days to months after the torsion has been corrected. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When there is a low suspicion of testicular torsion, color Doppler and power Doppler ultrasonography can be used to demonstrate arterial and venous blood flow to the testicle while providing information about scrotal anatomy and other testicular disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular torsion requires surgery right away to save the testicle. (kidshealth.org)
  • Testicular torsion that goes on for more than a few hours can permanently damage the testicle , and a damaged testicle must be removed. (kidshealth.org)
  • This normally causes the testicle to contract, which probably won't happen if you have a testicular torsion. (kidshealth.org)
  • Other times, when the body exam clearly points to a torsion, the doctor will do emergency surgery without any other testing to save the testicle. (childrensdayton.org)
  • If a torsion goes on too long, doctors won't be able to save the affected testicle and it will be removed in a surgery called an orchiectomy. (childrensdayton.org)
  • Some men experience intermittent torsion where the testicle will twist and un-twist spontaneously. (vasectomy-information.com)
  • Intermittent torsion can lead to the same devastating consequence of loss of the testicle. (vasectomy-information.com)
  • The main symptom of torsion is severe pain in the testicle. (diseasesremedies.com)
  • Just as in a testicle, this structure can have its blood flow reduced due to torsion, thus causing pain of varying intensity. (georgiadis-urology.com)
Cases of testicular torsion2
  • Most cases of testicular torsion (also called testis torsion ) affect guys who have a condition called a bell clapper deformity . (kidshealth.org)
  • Most cases of testicular torsion are in males who are born with a condition called the bell clapper deformity . (childrensdayton.org)
Bilateral8
  • Bilateral torsion, when both testes are simultaneously affected, is extremely rare. (healthline.com)
  • Chronic testicular lesions, including orchitis and testicular torsion, can cause unilateral or bilateral testicular atrophy. (aafp.org)
  • Primary hypogonadism (congenital or acquired): testicular failure due to cryptorchidism, bilateral torsion, orchitis, vanishing testis syndrome, or orchidectomy. (sideload.com)
  • First off, the presence of a hidden testis or testes can be a clue that something more sinister is going on, in particular when there is a finding of bilateral non-palpable testes. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Roth CC, Mingin GC, Ortenberg J. Salvage of bilateral asynchronous perinatal testicular torsion. (medscape.com)
  • Testes were viable in 59(64.8) patients offered bilateral orchidopexy and gangrenous in 32(35.2) that had orchi- dectomy with contralateral orchidopexy. (bvsalud.org)
  • These discrepancies can be manifested in different gonadal combinations, including ovotestis with ovary, ovary and testis, bilateral ovotestis, and ovotestis and tesis. (medscape.com)
  • The gonads present may be bilateral ovotestes, or they may be a combination of a unilateral ovary or testis with an ovotestis on the contralateral side. (medscape.com)
Epididymis12
Twists6
  • Torsion of an appendage occurs when this tissue twists. (chop.edu)
  • Pain is caused when the appendix testis twists and cuts off its own blood supply. (chop.edu)
  • Occasionally, a problem can occur if the appendix testis twists and chokes off its blood supply. (childrenshospital.org)
  • During a torsion of the testes, this cord twists. (healthline.com)
  • Complete torsion occurs when the testis twists 360° or more, usually leading to absence of intratesticular blood flow that can be identified on color Doppler ultrasound examination. (medscape.com)
  • the testis twists around on its axis, cutting off its own blood supply. (blogspot.com)
Testicles2
  • Testicular torsion is when the cord that carries blood to one of the testicles gets twisted. (kidshealth.org)
  • Surgery can be done to secure the testicles and make testicular torsion unlikely to happen again. (childrensdayton.org)
Orchitis3
  • Other diagnoses in the differential of acute scrotal pain include epidydmitis with or without orchitis, trauma, incarcerted hernia, and torsion of the appendix testis. (medscape.com)
  • Accurate diagnosis is imperative because testicular torsion is treated surgically, whereas epididymitis with or without orchitis is treated medically. (medscape.com)
  • Family physicians must keep in mind the emergency or "must not miss" diagnoses associated with testicular masses, including testicular torsion, epididymitis, acute orchitis, strangulated hernia and testicular cancer. (aafp.org)
Occurs6
  • Torsion of the appendix of testis occurs at ages 0-15 years, with a mean at 10 years, which is similar to that of testicular torsion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extravaginal torsion, which is far less common than intravaginal torsion, occurs exclusively in neonates. (aafp.org)
  • Intravaginal testicular torsion occurs most often in young men but can also affect middle-aged men. (aafp.org)
  • Torsion of the testicular or epididymal appendage usually occurs in boys aged 7-12 years. (medscape.com)
  • Usually, localized tenderness occurs, but only in the upper pole of the testis. (medscape.com)
  • It can be life threatening, or cause for infertility as it elevates the can lead to loss of the testis or part of the temperature of the testis and this disturbs intestine if strangulation occurs. (who.int)
Left testis4
  • The patient underwent a testicular ultrasound and was taken urgently to the OR, where he was found to have a gangrenous, torsioned, undescended left testis with edema and inflammatory changes in the left inguinal canal. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Surgeons removed the left testis and reconstructed the inguinal canal. (medpagetoday.com)
  • On the physical exam, he had a palpable mass at the upper pole of the left testis. (javeriana.edu.co)
  • He was taken to an MRI, which showed a normal right testis with a left mass-dependent of the upper pole of the left testis. (javeriana.edu.co)
Right testis1
  • Next day morning, he came again to the hospital and repeated same complains but additionally he was also complaining of heaviness in his right testis despite of all medications. (lupinepublishers.com)
Tunica vaginalis4
  • The appendix testis (or hydatid of Morgagni) is a vestigial remnant of the Müllerian duct, present on the upper pole of the testis and attached to the tunica vaginalis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This anomaly is known as the "bell-clapper" deformity, in which the tunica vaginalis completely surrounds the testis. (aafp.org)
  • In this disorder, incomplete attachment of the gubernaculum and testicular tunics to dartos fascia causes the cord to twist above the level of the testis and tunica vaginalis. (aafp.org)
  • Deep to the tunica vaginalis, the tunica albuginea is a tough, fibrous outer covering of the testis. (medscape.com)
Inguinal canal2
  • The undescended testis can be found in the belly, the inguinal canal or other places, but most are found in the inguinal canal (80 percent). (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • The ovotestis can be anatomically located in an ovarian position, or along the anatomical path of the testes in the labioscrotal fold, the inguinal canal, or at the internal inguinal ring. (medscape.com)
Damage to the testis2
  • Currently available antioxidants do not provide any significant long-term protection against morphological damage to the testis by ROS generated in testicular torsion. (edu.gh)
  • Torsion of the testis is an emergency because if the blood supply to the testis is cut off for more than about 6 hours, permanent damage to the testis is likely to result. (diseasesremedies.com)
Infarction of the testis1
Pediatric4
  • R. Kumar, J. K. Mahajan and K. L. Rao, "Perforated Appendix in Hernial sac Mimicking Torsion of Undescended Testis in a Neonate," Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2008, pp. e9-e10. (scirp.org)
  • Undescended testis (cryptorchidism), discovered for the first time by Hunter in 1786, is a common anomaly encountered in pediatric urology [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beni-Israel T, Goldman M, Bar Chaim S, Kozer E. Clinical predictors for testicular torsion as seen in the pediatric ED. Am J Emerg Med . (medscape.com)
  • Cost NG, Bush NC, Barber TD, Huang R, Baker LA. Pediatric testicular torsion: demographics of national orchiopexy versus orchiectomy rates. (medscape.com)
Risk of testicular torsion1
  • Children with a history of UDT are at an increased risk of testicular torsion and resulting necrosis. (medpagetoday.com)
Rule out testicular torsion1
  • If there is a lot of swelling or the radiology tests are inconclusive, the urologist may perform exploratory surgery to rule out testicular torsion, which is a medical emergency. (childrenshospital.org)
Suffering with testicular torsion1
  • the patient was operated immediately after being diagnosed to be suffering with testicular torsion. (sages.org)
Make testicular torsion1
  • This is called torsion and detorsion , and it can make testicular torsion more likely to happen again. (kidshealth.org)
Causes testicular torsion1
Detorsion2
  • Intermittent torsion or torsion-detorsion is defined as sudden onset of unilateral testicular pain of short duration with spontaneous resolution. (medscape.com)
  • If the history and physical examination strongly suggest testicular torsion and detorsion procedures do not work, the patient may possibly unfergo surgery without any delays to perform imaging studies. (medscape.com)
Undergo torsion2
  • When the testis is too mobile then it can undergo torsion leading to blockage of blood vessels. (pediatricurology.in)
  • The appendix of testis can, occasionally, undergo torsion (i.e. become twisted), causing acute one-sided testicular pain and may require surgical excision to achieve relief. (wikipedia.org)
Occur7
  • However, torsion may occasionally occur in men of 40-50 years old [6]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Testicular torsion can occur when you're sleeping or engaging in physical activity. (healthline.com)
  • Testicular torsion can occur at any age but commonly affects 1 in 4000 males 25 years old or younger. (medscape.com)
  • Initiating factors for torsion can include trauma or vigorous exercise, but symptoms may also occur during sleep. (aafp.org)
  • Sometimes sharp pains, which last a few minutes and go just as quickly, can occur in the testes of boys and young men. (diseasesremedies.com)
  • Sometimes if these warning pains occur, an operation is recommended to fix the affected testis so as to prevent full-blown torsion later on. (diseasesremedies.com)
  • Testicular torsion can occur at any age but it is most common during the first months of life (infancy) and to boys between the ages of 12-18 years old. (georgiadis-urology.com)
Doppler4
  • Transverse color Doppler images of both testes demonstrate symmetric echogenicity and flow. (medscape.com)
  • Transverse color Doppler image of both testes demonstrates enlargement, slightly decreased echogenicity, and absent flow on the left side. (medscape.com)
  • Ultrasonography with color and power Doppler imaging has emerged as the primary imaging modality for the diagnosis of testicular torsion. (medscape.com)
  • A Color Doppler study for the blood supply to the testis will show no blood flow in the case of Torsion but excess blood flow in EO. (pediatriconcall.com)
Symptoms of torsion1
Cryptorchidism3
Absent3
  • In the 3-month reperfusion group, giant cells were absent, and apoptotic bodies were reduced in both testes. (edu.gh)
  • Testicular torsion - Pain is typically severe and fever is absent. (logicalimages.com)
  • In the case of true undescended testes, as opposed to absent or retractile testes, there are many possible future complications. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
Deformity1
  • This deformity accounts for 90 percent of testicular torsion cases. (healthline.com)
Upper pole1
  • Occasionally, the blue dot sign (ie, a tender nodule with blue discoloration on the upper pole of the testis) is present in light-skinned boys. (medscape.com)
Scrotal pain3
  • However, atypical presentations of testicular torsion, delayed recognition of the condition, and its confusion with other causes of acute scrotal pain can potentially delay diagnosis and lead to testicular infarct/necrosis necessitating orchiectomy . (medscape.com)
  • Funiculitis, an inflammation of cord structures, may cause inguinal or scrotal pain, but the testis is normal. (aafp.org)
  • Patients with testicular torsion often present with sudden, severe, unilateral scrotal pain that is often associated with nausea and vomiting. (aafp.org)
Diagnosis of torsion2
Contralateral1
  • Conclusion: These findings confirm a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in damage to spermatogenic cells in both the ipsilateral and contralateral testes following torsion, with longer term effects in the torted testis. (edu.gh)
Onset of symptoms1
  • The two most important factors determining testicular damage are the time from the onset of symptoms to the reduction of torsion and the degree of twisting in the cord [10]. (lupinepublishers.com)
Spermatogenesis2
Blood vessels1
  • The testis is free to rotate along its long axis - this in turn leads to a twisting of the blood vessels of the testis and cutting off of the blood supply to the testis. (pediatriconcall.com)
Intermittent torsion1
  • Men suspected of having torsion or intermittent torsion should seek medical attention immediately. (vasectomy-information.com)
Partial3
Surgeries3
  • Secondary hydroceles are caused by conditions such as inflammation, infection, previous surgeries, or testicular torsion. (medscape.com)
  • Noncommunicating hydroceles can also be congenital, or they may result from conditions such as inflammation, infection, previous surgeries, or testicular torsion. (medscape.com)
  • Most torsion surgeries are done outpatient and do not require an overnight hospital stay. (childrensdayton.org)
Appendage2
  • The appendix testis is a small appendage of normal tissue that is usually located on the upper portion of the testis. (chop.edu)
  • Torsion of an appendage is treated with rest, observation and pain medication. (chop.edu)
Acute scrotal1
  • In general, laboratory tests are not diagnostically useful in distinguishing torsion from other acute scrotal syndromes. (medscape.com)
Edema1
  • On the other hand absence of the reflex does not necessarily mean the only torsion as the inflammation and edema due to the infection can temporarily make the cremaster inactive. (pediatriconcall.com)
Twist2
  • The free-floating testis is more likely to twist on its cord and strangulate its blood supply through intra-vaginal torsion. (aafp.org)
  • i felt pretty sure that nothing would convince that testis to twist again. (blogspot.com)
Cremasteric reflex2
Infection2
  • These can help determine whether symptoms are being caused by an infection instead of a torsion. (childrensdayton.org)
  • The infection and subsequent inflammation lead to pain and swelling in the testicular region very similar to that in torsion. (pediatriconcall.com)
Posterior2
  • On the posterior surface, it is reflected inwardly to form an incomplete vertical septum called the mediastinum testis. (medscape.com)
  • Located on the posterior border of the testis, it is composed of 3 parts, including the head (caput), body (corpora), and tail (cauda). (medscape.com)
Hypospadias2
  • ABSTRACT This study was carried out to document the prevalence of inguinal hernia, hypospadias, undescended testis and varicocele in 3057 male applicants to the military wing of Mu'ta University in the south of Jordan. (who.int)
  • Prevalence of inguinal hernia and undescended testis were comparable with international prevalence rates, while the rate for hypospadias was higher and that for varicocele lower. (who.int)
Surgical1
  • Academy of Pediatrics, 5 out of 100 chil- to functional disturbance of the testis and dren have inguinal hernias (more boys than surgical treatment leads to improvement of girls), some may not have symptoms until semen quality [ 11 ]. (who.int)
Tumor1
  • Testis tumor produces scrotal enlargement, only rarely accompanied by pain. (medscape.com)
Vasectomy5