OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
TolueneSolventsToluene 2,4-DiisocyanateXylenesBenzeneBenzene DerivativesHippuratesPseudomonas putidaTrichloroethyleneHydrocarbons, AromaticOxygenasesPaintCarbon-Carbon LyasesHexanesCresolsHydrocarbonsVolatilizationPseudomonasOccupational ExposureAir Pollutants, OccupationalTrichloroethanesWaterPseudomonas mendocinaChlorobenzenesStyrenesPhenolCyanatesAcetoneMethylene ChlorideInhalation ExposureMethanolChloroformRalstoniaAcetonitrilesModels, MolecularOrganic ChemicalsChromatography, GasBenzoic AcidBenzyl AlcoholDimethylformamideOccupational DiseasesGram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic RodsSoil PollutantsDioxygenases
BenzeneXyleneThinnersGasolineToluolInsoluble in waterAromatic SolventsExposure to tolueneExposed to organic solventsOrganic solvent exposuresExposuresEthyl acetateNaphthaMethylPaintsAcetoneUses of solventsConcentrationsOccupational exposureVaporCompoundsRemoversCommon solventDiisocyanateNeurotoxicityToxicityHexane2020DissolveColorlessCarbonMixturesHydrogenLiquidsChemicalsSubstancesIncreasesAssessAcuteCrude oilWorkersDyesGlueAcetateTinnitusInhalationPolarityFoundIndustrialProcessesMiscibleWaterSolvencyInks
Benzene10
  • It is considered to be an Australian equivalent solvent for Benzene. (sydneysolvents.com.au)
  • Toluene is a clear colourless liquid hydrocarbon that is also an alternative equivalent of Benzene. (sydneysolvents.com.au)
  • Carcinogenic organic solvents include benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene. (cdc.gov)
  • Toluene is a colourless, water-insoluble liquid, with a benzene-like odour. (expertmarketresearch.com)
  • The main volatile organic compounds found at gasoline stations are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX). (hindawi.com)
  • This process, associated with gasoline distribution, can be an important source for emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [ 2 ], with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX), the main volatile hydrocarbons originating from petroleum. (hindawi.com)
  • However, using benzene as a solvent, a lower yield (60%) of the cycloadduct ( 11 ) (with a d.e. of 60% prior to trituration and crystallisation). (google.com)
  • Toluene is a benzene derivative (CH3) and is less volatile than acetone and has been known to make people stupid. (woodweb.com)
  • The most commercially significant aromatics are benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX). (marketpublishers.com)
  • Multiple multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of individual organic solvent exposures as measured by blood biomarkers (1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, toluene, o-xylene, and m-/p-xylene) with self-reported hearing loss , audiometrically assessed hearing loss , and self-reported tinnitus. (cdc.gov)
Xylene11
  • Toluene and xylene are strong compounds that are used in many household and industrial products. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Toluene and xylene poisoning can occur when someone swallows these substances, breathes in their fumes, or when these substances touch the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other products may also contain toluene and xylene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Below are symptoms of toluene and xylene poisoning in different parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Regulatory Norm 7 (1978) provides that, in Brazil, biological monitoring of toluene and xylene is carried out by measuring the urinary metabolites hippuric acid (HA) and methylhippuric acid (MHA), respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • The objective of this study was to assess the exposure to toluene and xylene and to identify related signs and symptoms in gasoline station workers. (hindawi.com)
  • Gasoline station workers showed high levels of HA and MHA, reflecting high occupational exposure to the solvents toluene and xylene present in gasoline, demonstrating that changes in the current legislation and in the work environment are necessary to ensure better health protection for these workers. (hindawi.com)
  • Ethylbenzene is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), while toluene and xylene have so far had poor evidence of carcinogenicity (Group 3) [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • much of the aromatics stream such as toluene and the xylene are blended into gasoline as octane enhancers. (marketpublishers.com)
  • Formaldehyde, along with toluene , and xylene , is used to process and preserve biopsy tissue, displace water, and to create glass slides. (darkdaily.com)
  • Audiograms should also be provided in the absence of noise when ethylbenzene, styrene, toluene, or xylene exposures are present in the workplace. (cdc.gov)
Thinners3
  • Workers in different jobs regularly use solvents for degreasing, metal cleaning, and adhesion and as paint thinners or lubricants. (ohsrep.org.au)
  • Tolulene is a solvent that is typically used in lacquer thinners. (woodweb.com)
  • Hydrocarbons are petroleum products, such as gasoline and kerosene, and are also ingredients in many paint thinners, solvents, glues, and some cleaning products. (msdmanuals.com)
Gasoline4
  • Based on the application, the gasoline segment accounted for the largest market share in 2020, owing to the increasing usage of toluene as an additive in gasoline. (expertmarketresearch.com)
  • In addition, individuals exposed to the solvents present in gasoline had altered mood/depression, cramps, dizziness, drowsiness, headaches, irritability/nervousness, weakness, weight loss, and other symptoms more frequently and had higher urinary levels of HA and MHA compared to the comparison group. (hindawi.com)
  • Toluene is a petroleum-derived chemical found in gasoline and used as a solvent in paints, adhesives and cleaning supplies. (ewg.org)
  • Lung involvement is a particular problem with thin, easy-flowing hydrocarbons such as mineral spirits, which is a solvent used in paint thinner and for cleaning tools, and others, including gasoline. (msdmanuals.com)
Toluol1
  • Toluene (methylbenzene, toluol, phenylmethane) is an aromatic hydrocarbon (C 7 H 8 ) commonly used as an industrial solvent for the manufacturing of paints, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and rubber. (medscape.com)
Insoluble in water1
Aromatic Solvents18
  • Aromatic solvents are used on a large scale in a wide range of end-user industries. (credenceresearch.com)
  • These aromatic solvents are used in a wide range of end-user industries. (credenceresearch.com)
  • Aromatic solvents are also known as organic chemicals produced from the fractional distillation of petroleum stocks. (credenceresearch.com)
  • The processes used to produce aromatic solvents in the oil and gas industry include steam cracking and catalytic refining. (credenceresearch.com)
  • Aromatic solvents are widely used in the paints and coatings industry. (credenceresearch.com)
  • Rising demand for aromatic solvents from the paint and coatings industry is driving the market for aromatic solvents. (credenceresearch.com)
  • Growing construction activities in emerging economies such as the Asia Pacific have led to high demand for paints and coatings, thereby contributing to the growth of aromatic solvents in the market. (credenceresearch.com)
  • Pharmaceuticals is another industry driving the demand for aromatic solvents in the market. (credenceresearch.com)
  • Aromatic solvents are used during the manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals. (credenceresearch.com)
  • Hence, high demand is reported for aromatic solvents from the pharmaceutical industry. (credenceresearch.com)
  • High demand from the pharmaceutical industry is anticipated to boost market growth for aromatic solvents. (credenceresearch.com)
  • The Adhesive & Sealants industry is also projected to boost market demand as aromatic solvents are used in the adhesives and sealants industry. (credenceresearch.com)
  • Other regions, such as the Middle East & Africa, and the Rest of the World, are also anticipated to fuel demand for the aromatic solvents market in the near future. (credenceresearch.com)
  • The aromatic solvents market was valued at over the U.S. $6.50 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of more than 4.0% between 2016 and 2022. (credenceresearch.com)
  • The purpose of this strategic research study titled "Global Aromatic Solvents Market-Growth, Share, Opportunities, and Competitive Analysis, 2015-2022" is to provide company executives, industry investors, and industry participants with in-depth insights to enable them to make informed strategic decisions regarding the opportunities in the global aromatic solvents market. (credenceresearch.com)
  • The report titled "Global Aromatic Solvents Market-Growth, Share, Opportunities, and Competitive Analysis, 2015-2022" offers strategic insights into the global aromatic solvents market along with the market size and estimates for the period 2015 to 2022. (credenceresearch.com)
  • A holistic view of the global aromatic solvents market growth. (credenceresearch.com)
  • These aromatic solvents are produced in the petroleum refining industry through fractional distillation of feedstocks, also known as petroleum stocks. (credenceresearch.com)
Exposure to toluene2
  • On February 23, 2001, NIOSH investigators conducted an environmental evaluation which included two full-shift personal breathing-zone (PBZ) air samples to assess worker exposure to toluene and ethyl acrylate. (cdc.gov)
  • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has determined the acceptable level of occupational exposure to toluene for people in the workplace. (medscape.com)
Exposed to organic solvents3
  • Neurophysiologic, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging diagnostic tools have been used to evaluate individuals and groups exposed to organic solvents. (medscape.com)
  • In 1987, NIOSH reported that 9.8 million workers were exposed to organic solvents in occupational settings. (medscape.com)
  • Millions of U.S. workers are exposed to organic solvents. (cdc.gov)
Organic solvent exposures1
  • Table 1 lists common sources of organic solvent exposures. (medscape.com)
Exposures1
  • However, most occupational exposures involved solvent mixtures. (medscape.com)
Ethyl acetate1
  • A change in the solvent from dichloromethane to ethyl acetate or the use of sodium dithionite in aqueous methanol at -20 o C and room temperature as the reducing agent led to reduced yields of the trihydroxytrione ( 5 ). (google.com)
Naphtha2
Methyl2
  • Organic solvents recognized as reproductive hazards include 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, and methyl chloride. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, toluene significantly inhibits the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) subtype of glutamate-activated ion channels. (medscape.com)
Paints2
  • Furthermore, the surging demand for aromatics in the petrochemical industry for the production of elastomers, synthetic fibres, agrochemicals, nail paints, dyes, and others, is also driving the global toluene market globally. (expertmarketresearch.com)
  • The paints and coatings industry accounted for the largest share of the global aromatic solvent market. (credenceresearch.com)
Acetone2
Uses of solvents1
  • Rule 1171 (PDF, 59kb) - Solvent Cleaning Operations and Rule 1122 (PDF, 68kb) - Solvent Degreasers are two key components of the South Coast AQMD's ozone reduction strategy, as these rules control VOC emissions from numerous uses of solvents in industrial, commercial, and general purpose cleaning and degreasing activities. (aqmd.gov)
Concentrations6
  • The full-shift PBZ samples revealed 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) toluene concentrations of 0.04 and 0.05 parts per million (ppm). (cdc.gov)
  • The full-shift area samples detected 8-hour TWA toluene concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 0.07 ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • All toluene concentrations were well below the most stringent occupational exposure criteria of 50 ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, prevent entry to areas where solvent vapour concentrations may build up by sign posting, limiting the amount of time workers spend doing certain jobs, etc. (ohsrep.org.au)
  • It is sometimes used as a recreational inhalant, but rapidly inhaling high toluene concentrations can cause severe neurological complications and even death. (fishersci.com)
  • Workers with a history of asthma induced by solvent exposure should also be warned about and protected from short-term exposure to higher concentrations. (medscape.com)
Occupational exposure1
Vapor5
  • Recent progress in modelling the solvent vapor annealing of thin film block copolymers is examined in the context of a self-consistent field theory framework. (rsc.org)
  • Key control variables in determining the final microdomain morphologies include swelling ratio or swollen film solvent volume fraction, swollen film thickness, substrate and vapor atmosphere surface energies, effective volume fraction, and effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. (rsc.org)
  • The regime of solvent vapor annealing studied is where the block copolymer has a high enough Flory-Huggins parameter that ordered structures form during swelling and are then trapped in the system through quenching. (rsc.org)
  • Both implicit and explicit consideration of the solvent vapor is considered to distinguish the cases in which solvent vapor leads to a non-bulk morphology. (rsc.org)
  • Repeated exposure can lead to white matter damage (solvent vapor/toluene leukoencephalopathy), which may involve axonal damage rather than demyelination. (medscape.com)
Compounds5
  • Generally, the dielectric constant of a solvent is an acceptable predictor of the solvent's ability to dissolve common ionic compounds, such as salts. (wikipedia.org)
  • The polarity, dipole moment, polarizability and hydrogen bonding of a solvent determines what type of compounds it is able to dissolve and with what other solvents or liquid compounds it is miscible. (wikipedia.org)
  • Organic solvents are a chemical class of compounds that are used routinely in commercial industries. (medscape.com)
  • Six full-shift area air samples were also collected for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toluene, and ethyl acrylate. (cdc.gov)
  • A simplified LC-MS/MS method to determine glyphosate and related compounds using a Supel™ Carbon LC U/HPLC column for stability under higher pH conditions and sufficient retention for the polar analytes in the presence of methanol as an extraction solvent. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Removers1
  • Avoid solvent-based products, like those with toluene, which is found in some polishes, acrylic nails and polish removers. (whattoexpect.com)
Common solvent1
  • While water is the most common solvent (many substances are easily soluble in water), some substances cannot be easily dissolved and require strong chemicals as solvents. (ohsrep.org.au)
Diisocyanate1
Neurotoxicity2
Toxicity2
  • The introduction of chlorinated solvents in the 1920s led to reports of toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • The legal limit for toluene, established in 1991, was based on a toxicity study in laboratory animals conducted in the 1980s. (ewg.org)
Hexane2
20201
  • Regionally, the Asia Pacific dominated the global toluene market in 2020, owing to the rising demand for toluene in construction activities across various nations in the region. (expertmarketresearch.com)
Dissolve2
  • Solvents are substances used to dilute or dissolve another substance to create a solution, and are widespread in workplaces. (ohsrep.org.au)
  • Most solvents used in industry are "organic", petroleum-based chemicals which have powerful properties to dissolve solids. (ohsrep.org.au)
Colorless1
  • Toluene is a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic and aromatic odor. (fishersci.com)
Carbon2
  • Organic solvents are carbon-based substances capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, when workers are exposed to noise and ototoxicants such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, lead, and solvent mixtures, ACGIH suggests that employers should conduct periodic audiograms. (cdc.gov)
Mixtures1
  • A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules occurring as solvates (solvent-solute complexes), as opposed to separate continuous phases as in suspensions, emulsions and other types of non-solution mixtures. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrogen1
  • This arrangement is mediated by the respective chemical properties of the solvent and solute, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole moment and polarizability. (wikipedia.org)
Liquids1
Chemicals3
  • Solvents are among the most commonly used chemicals in workplaces. (ohsrep.org.au)
  • All personal protective equipment must be of a type suitable for the particular chemicals in the solvent. (ohsrep.org.au)
  • The employer has a duty under the Victorian Occupational Health and Safety Act to identify, assess and control the hazards associated with the use of all chemicals, and as solvents are also classified as "hazardous substances" the requirements under Chapter 4, Hazardous Substances and Materials of the 2007 Occupational Health and Safety Regulations also apply. (ohsrep.org.au)
Substances1
  • Donor number and donor acceptor scale measures polarity in terms of how a solvent interacts with specific substances, like a strong Lewis acid or a strong Lewis base. (wikipedia.org)
Increases2
  • Provides information and training, and increases awareness of people who work with solvents. (ohsrep.org.au)
  • Toluene also increases dopamine release and the activity of dopaminergic neurons. (medscape.com)
Assess1
  • The objectives of the present study were to examine the association of organic solvents with hearing loss and tinnitus and to assess the interaction of organic solvent and occupational noise exposure on hearing loss and tinnitus. (cdc.gov)
Acute2
  • Although there is still no evidence for the development of cancer due to toluene, acute exposure causes immediate excitability and euphoria, followed by a depressing response with disorientation, mood fluctuations, hallucinations, and ataxia [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In rat studies, acute and repeated toluene exposure markedly reduces metabolic function in the brain, especially the hippocampus, pons and thalamus. (medscape.com)
Crude oil2
Workers2
  • Exposure to solvents can have both short and long-term health effects on workers. (ohsrep.org.au)
  • [ 2 ] Occupational asthma has occurred in some workers exposed to toluene levels considered safe in the workplace. (medscape.com)
Dyes1
  • Researchers have linked toluene, used to make dyes and as a solvent, to various health problems. (csmonitor.com)
Glue1
  • Toluene abuse or "glue sniffing" has become widespread, especially among children or adolescents, because it is readily available and inexpensive. (medscape.com)
Acetate1
  • The predominant VOCs detected, toluene, ethyl hexyl acetate, and ethyl hexyl acrylate, were present in extremely low levels. (cdc.gov)
Tinnitus3
  • Association of organic solvents and occupational noise on hearing loss and tinnitus among adults in the U.S., 1999-2004. (cdc.gov)
  • PURPOSE: Exposure to organic solvents and noise may be causal agents in the development of hearing loss and tinnitus. (cdc.gov)
  • RESULTS: Solvent exposure was not statistically significantly associated with self-reported tinnitus. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation1
  • Repeated inhalation of toluene (a component of some of these products) can damage parts of the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
Polarity6
  • Generally, the dielectric constant of the solvent provides a rough measure of a solvent's polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The strong polarity of water is indicated by its high dielectric constant of 88 (at 0 °C). Solvents with a dielectric constant of less than 15 are generally considered to be nonpolar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because solvents are used by chemists to carry out chemical reactions or observe chemical and biological phenomena, more specific measures of polarity are required. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Grunwald-Winstein mY scale measures polarity in terms of solvent influence on buildup of positive charge of a solute during a chemical reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kosower's Z scale measures polarity in terms of the influence of the solvent on UV-absorption maxima of a salt, usually pyridinium iodide or the pyridinium zwitterion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both the position of the y-band and the general shape of the UV-visible spectra of these complexes show significant solvent dependence as the polarity of the solvent is varied. (scielo.org.za)
Found3
  • I have a similiar Breatho unit though I have not tried the solvent clean as I havn't found my unit misleading yet. (exploroz.com)
  • Organic solvents found to be statistically significantly associated with the outcome after adjusting for covariates were tested for interaction with occupational noise exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Volatile solvents are found in many. (msdmanuals.com)
Industrial2
Processes2
  • Solvents find various applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, oil, and gas industries, including in chemical syntheses and purification processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A leading manufacturer of high purity solvents used in semiconductor-related manufacturing processes. (fujifilm.com)
Miscible1
Water2
  • For example, water-based solvents may be used instead of organic solvents. (ohsrep.org.au)
  • The EWG Health Guideline of 150 ppb for toluene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. (ewg.org)
Solvency1
  • Ultra Pure Solvent Blends - Formulated chemistries which exhibit excellent solvency, with low volatility and odor. (fujifilm.com)
Inks1
  • An explosion at a plant in Danvers, Massachusetts that makes solvents and inks caused injuries and property damage. (yourlawyer.com)