• In addition, the differences in urethral anatomy between men and women alter the treatment options available. (medscape.com)
  • 10 They are more common in males with M:F = 10:1, this may presumably be due to differences in urethral anatomy. (pediatricurologybook.com)
  • A urethral diverticulum is a condition where the urethra or the periurethral glands push into the connective tissue layers (fascia) that surround it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urethral caruncles, which often originate from the posterior lip of the urethra, may be described as fleshy outgrowths of distal urethral mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • The female urethra and surrounding vaginal and vulvovestibular tissue are rich in estrogen receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Bansal N, Garg G, Vashist S. Primary malignant melanoma of urethra mimicking as urethral caruncle. (medscape.com)
  • Urethral carcinoma presents certain anatomic and histologic considerations, particularly concerning the differences between the male and female urethra and the respective adjacent structures. (medscape.com)
  • Anatomic and histologic considerations are pertinent among cases of urethral cancer because of the uniqueness of the urethra between males and females. (medscape.com)
  • In both the male and female urethra, the histologic pattern of the urethral mucous membrane progresses from transitional epithelium to squamous epithelium as it continues distally. (medscape.com)
  • However, these symptoms are nonspecific and may also be associated with infection of the lower genitourinary tract (urethra, vagina) or with noninfectious conditions such as bladder carcinoma, urethral diverticulum, and calculi. (medscape.com)
  • Conditions that should be distinguished from urethral diverticulum in a differential diagnosis include overactive bladder, Gartner's duct cyst, Gartner's duct abscess, ectopic caeco-ureterocele, interstitial cystitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The urethral sphincters and its smooth muscle, as well as the neck of the bladder, can be injured regardless of the surgical approach. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma presenting as a urethral caruncle with urinary bladder involvement. (medscape.com)
  • thus, it may be difficult to distinguish between primary urethral carcinoma and locally advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder . (medscape.com)
  • A tubular soft tissue opaque structure with multiple stippled mineral opacities randomly distributed throughout (arrowheads) extends from the region of the urinary bladder and pelvic inlet, along the sagittal midline, ventral to the descending colon, and to the ventral aspect of the mid-abdominal area. (avma.org)
  • Its development has been linked to long-standing mucosal irritation (urethral reimplantation, neurogenic bladder, bladder exstrophy). (medscape.com)
  • The bladder trigone is bounded by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. (medscape.com)
  • Cystoscopy demonstrated a mass measuring about 6 cm in maximum diameter with cauliflower-like surface located in the right lateral wall and extending to the internal urethral orifice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These mucosal cells are what histologically classify urethral cancer as squamous-cell cancer, transitional-cell carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma secondary to metaplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Previous studies had indicated that squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent histologic subtype of urethral cancer. (medscape.com)
  • This condition is usually secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia. (furrycritter.com)
  • The incidence of urethral diverticulum has been increasing in the 2000s, likely due to increasing diagnosis and detection of the condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primary urethral cancer is an extremely rare lesion, with fewer than 2000 reported cases and comprising less than 1% of the total incidence of malignancies. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of primary urethral cancer is higher than was once speculated. (medscape.com)
  • 84% of periurethral masses are due to urethral diverticula. (wikipedia.org)
  • In males, the most common sites of extension are the vascular spaces of the corpora and periurethral tissues, deep tissues of the perineum, urogenital diaphragm, prostate, and the penile and scrotal skin, where it can cause abscesses and fistulae. (medscape.com)
  • A perineal fistula describes an abnormal connection between 2 mucosal lined tissues. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Samples of prostatic fluid are recovered by passing a urethral catheter to the level of the prostate and massaging the prostate to 'milk' fluid out of it. (furrycritter.com)
  • Step 3: Connect the conical tip of the Renacidin container to the end of the urethral catheter or cystostomy tube. (trafassi.nl)
  • In infancy usually the urethral diverticulum is congenital but in rare instances acquired urethral diverticulum can be seen in infancy specially following traumatic catheterization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common symptoms of urethral diverticulum include incontinence, urinary frequency and urgency, pain during sex, and pain during urination. (wikipedia.org)
  • When urethral diverticulum becomes severe, a painful mass can sometimes be felt inside the introitus of the vagina, which can discharge pus. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the peri-urethral ducts become infected repeatedly, they can become blocked and eventually cause a diverticulum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urethral diverticulum is often an incidental finding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other studies that can be used to diagnose urethral diverticulum include intravenous urography, urethroscopy, and/or ultrasound. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary treatment for urethral diverticulum is surgical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Left untreated, urethral diverticulum can cause significant morbidity (sickness). (wikipedia.org)
  • Urethral diverticulum can occur in men, and can cause complications including kidney stones and urinary tract infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr Aniruddha Kulkarni, Dr Ashfaque Tinmaswala, Dr Shubhangi shetkar et al Acquired urethral diverticulum in a neonate - A rare case report international journal of medical case reports vol 2 issue 3- 2016 page 10-13 https://static.wixstatic.com/ugd/3df4f0_6bfd788d896b4c4b87e05f2644eaaaa3.pdf?dn=Urethral+diverticulum+case+report+publish.pdf Mohanty, D. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urethral diverticula are often asymptomatic and symptoms that are present tend to be nonspecific. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ozkurkcugil C, Ozkan L, Tarcan T. The effect of asymptomatic urethral caruncle on micturition in women with urinary incontinence. (medscape.com)
  • The first step in the development of a urethral caruncle is likely distal, focal urethral prolapse caused by urogenital atrophy due to estrogen deficiency, now known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, urethral dilation was employed, but high recurrence rates prompted a shift towards formal urethroplasty. (journalajrru.com)
  • The uterine artery runs above and anterior to the ureter within the cardinal ligament, a structure composed of connective tissue that lies within the mesometrium of the broad ligament. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital urethral diverticula can arise from several embryological sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urethral duplication (UD) is a rare congenital malformation, most often encountered in males. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Dogs that are neutered before puberty have very little prostatic tissue. (furrycritter.com)
  • Chronic irritation, where the urethral mucosa is exposed, contributes to the growth, hemorrhage, and necrosis of the lesion. (medscape.com)
  • Urethral caruncles are benign, distal urethral lesions that are most commonly found in postmenopausal women, although rare cases have been reported in girls, and a case of urethral caruncle has also been described in a male. (medscape.com)
  • The prognosis is excellent if pathology confirms urethral caruncle as the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Topics discussed during lectures represent an integral part of the program and are the subject of evaluation during exams, including knowledge of tissue fixation and of pathology reporting (biopsies, surgical specimens, autopsies). (unibo.it)
  • The methods necessary for the processing of tissue samples and for the diagnostic procedures of Anatomic Pathology. (unibo.it)
  • Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs , tissues , cells and bodily fluids . (bionity.com)
  • In the broadest sense, nearly all research which links manifestations of disease to identifiable processes in cells, tissues, or organs can be considered experimental pathology. (bionity.com)
  • Pathology is a broad and complex scientific field which seeks to understand the mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues , as well as the body's means of responding to and repairing injury. (bionity.com)
  • Urethral polyps are the pediatric equivalent of urethral caruncles and manifest in a similar fashion. (medscape.com)
  • However, larger studies, including a report using the SEER database, suggest that the majority (55-77.6%) of primary urethral cancer may manifest as urothelial (also known as transitional cell) carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Urethral caruncles resemble various urethral lesions, including carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • He was found to have a tear of the tunica albuginea of the right corpora cavernosa with a urethral injury which was repaired successfully. (journalajrru.com)
  • A urethral stent was kept to decrease the risk of urine leak. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Complete urethral obstruction only rarely occurs, but an affected dog will spend quite a bit of time urinating and produces a stream of urine with a small diameter. (furrycritter.com)
  • Sonoda K, Kato R, Kojima H, Tokuda Y. Urinary tract bleeding from a urethral caruncle mimicking genital tract bleeding. (medscape.com)
  • Scar tissue development within the urethral sub-epithelial tissue led to constriction, causing lower urinary tract symptoms. (journalajrru.com)
  • The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement. (lookformedical.com)
  • In women the surgery is conducted transvaginally, usually when there is no acute inflammation to better aid dissection of the delicate tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coban S, Bıyık I. Urethral caruncle: Case report of a rare acute urinary retension cause. (medscape.com)
  • After surgical repair of the urethral duplication, meatal stenosis, penoscrotal transposition, bifid scrotum, chordee and phimosis, acceptable functional and cosmetic outcome was obtained. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Prompt intervention remains vital for improved outcomes in female urethral stricture cases. (journalajrru.com)
  • The concept of studying disease through the methodical dissection and examination of diseased bodies, organs, and tissues may seem obvious today, but there are few if any recorded examples of true autopsies performed prior to the second millennium. (bionity.com)
  • An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Histopathologically, several characteristics are frequently visible in urethral diverticula. (wikipedia.org)
  • A biopsy sample recovers a piece of tissue that permits a pathologist to make a more accurate diagnosis. (furrycritter.com)
  • Urethral caruncles are common in elderly postmenopausal women but may rarely develop in girls or premenopausal or perimenopausal women. (medscape.com)
  • Urethral cancer rarely metastasizes to distant loci. (medscape.com)
  • In general, however, in both males and females, urethral cancer tends to invade locally and to metastasize to adjacent soft tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Ectopic endometrial tissue is predominantly located in the pelvis, but it can appear anywhere in the body, where it is referred to as extragenital endometriosis. (endomarch.org)
  • During surgery, there is a risk for complications due to the highly vascular nature of the tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • These are fluid-filled cysts that develop adjacent to the prostate when abnormal tissue remains from embryonic development before the puppy was born. (furrycritter.com)
  • Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the tissue cells at the lower end of the esophagus are abnormal. (uvmhealth.org)
  • For this reason, it is often difficult to treat primary urethral cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Primary urethral cancer was found to be twice as likely in African Americans as in whites. (medscape.com)
  • On gross examination, the TUR tissue was fragmented and grayish white, and its texture was soft. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a result, diagnosed cases of urethral cancer usually lead to an individualized approach for each patient. (medscape.com)
  • Only 14% of female patients with urethral cancer have evidence of metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
  • Female urethral condyloma acuminata mimicking urethral caruncle. (medscape.com)
  • Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, managing female urethral strictures posed distinct challenges. (journalajrru.com)
  • Most symptomatic urethral diverticula are present in women from 30 to 60 years old. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term encompasses both the medical specialty which uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information, as well as the related scientific study of disease processes. (bionity.com)