Tissue transplants trachea. Medical search. Frequent questions

This field holds the promise of engineering damaged tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms to functionally heal previously irreparable tissues or organs. (wikipedia.org)
Regenerative medicine also includes the possibility of growing tissues and organs in the laboratory and implanting them when the body cannot heal itself. (wikipedia.org)
and transplantation of in vitro grown organs and tissues (tissue engineering). (wikipedia.org)
Nobel Prize winner Alexis Carrel performed numerous experiments clearly showing that tissue explants, including connective tissue and heart tissue, could be cultured in vitro preserving their characteristics for prolonged periods of time [ 2 ] supporting the notion that entire organs could be cultured in vitro. (intechopen.com)
This is one of the most difficult to transplant organs of the human body, firstly, because of the huge number of small blood vessels, without which the trachea is not viable, and secondly, because of its proximity to the aggressive environment of the outside world and the high risk of infection. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
The success in heart, liver, kidney and lung transplantology is largely due to the fact that when transplanting these organs, the task of attaching one major artery and one major vein is solved, and the organs are to a certain extent fenced off from the outside world. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Scientists from Bristol helped grow the cells for the transplant and the European team believes such tailor-made organs could become the norm. (bbc.co.uk)
The successful transplantation of tissue-engineered synthetic organs, referred to as regenerative medicine, could open new and very promising therapeutic possibilities for the thousands of patients who suffer from tracheal cancer or other conditions that destroy, block, or constrict the airway. (regenerativemedicine.net)
The reason for that optimism was because since 2008 they have already been able to grow and transplant relatively 'uniform-shaped' organs like a trachea . (science20.com)
When it comes to conditions of the heart, lungs and trachea, many people don't understand that they can be insidious and lead to irreversible failure of the organs involved. (bethsanchez.net)
Transplants are necessary should one lose complete or all function of their organs. (bethsanchez.net)
These are the most vital and delicate areas of the body and getting a transplant for organs in this area can be more delicate and require more attention. (bethsanchez.net)
There has always been a recognized shortage of organs available for transplants. (bethsanchez.net)
Moreover some organs like the trachea and the esophagus cannot be transplanted for technical reasons. (bethsanchez.net)
So, clearly, there is an unmet need for living tissue or organs. (bethsanchez.net)
This innovative field focuses on the repair, replacement, or regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. (asc-international.com)
It involves creating functional biological tissues or organs in the lab and transplanting them into patients. (asc-international.com)
Researchers have already made strides in creating bioengineered organs such as bladders and tracheas. (asc-international.com)
Previously, our bioreactor had been used to seed a patient's stem cells onto a donor trachea, so treatment was limited by the supply of donor organs. (globenewswire.com)
When referring to body tissue or organs, wasting away. (experiencejournal.com)
And while printing whole human organs for surgical transplants is still years away, the technology is rapidly developing. (disabled-world.com)
In the future, 3-D printers could someday produce much-needed human organs for transplants. (disabled-world.com)
Many of these organs also represent the first steps towards growing whole organs - or parts of organs - for transplant. (eurostemcell.org)
But they also offer a tantalising glimpse of a world in which we can grow complex solid organs for transplant. (eurostemcell.org)

It was progressing and almost completely blocked the trachea. (regenerativemedicine.net)
When the tumor reached about six centimeters in length it almost completely blocked the trachea, or windpipe, making it hard for the patient to breathe. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)

Since no suitable donor windpipe was available, the transplantation of the synthetic tissue-engineered trachea was performed as the last possible option for the patient, referred by Professor Tomas Gudbjartsson of Landspitali University Hospital (Iceland) who was also part of the surgical team. (regenerativemedicine.net)
HOLLISTON, Mass., July 7, 2011 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (Nasdaq:HBIO), a global developer, manufacturer and marketer of a broad range of tools to advance life science research and regenerative medicine, announces that its "InBreath" bioreactor was used for the world's first successful transplantation of a synthetic tissue engineered windpipe. (globenewswire.com)
The core utilizes a system in collaboration with the Thoracic Surgery Division for the routine procurement of human tissues from lung transplantation donors and explanted lungs and surgical tissues. (wustl.edu)
The study aimed to evaluate the diaphragm morphology (height and thickness) in single-lung transplantation (SLTx), using computed tomography (CT), by assessing the evolution of the hemidiaphragm of the transplanted and the native side. (frontiersin.org)
CPT 33933 describes the standard backbench preparation of a cadaver donor heart/lung allograft before transplantation, including the dissection of the allograft from surrounding soft tissues to prepare the aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and trachea for implantation. (codingahead.com)
Presently, more than 121,000 people in the United States are waiting for organ transplants, according to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. (disabled-world.com)

After four days of growth in the lab in a special rotating bioreactor, the newly-coated donor windpipe was ready to be transplanted into Ms Castillo. (bbc.co.uk)
This was bathed in the recipients own stem cells and in two days was ready to be transplanted. (blogspot.com)

Infection with BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) or JC polyomavirus causes substantial illness and death in immunocompromised populations, including transplant recipients and HIV patients ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
the former causes Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare but aggressive skin cancer ( 3 ), and the latter is associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa, a rare skin disease seen in transplant recipients ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
BALB/c trachea allografts were transplanted into Syk-knockout (Syk del/del ) mice or wild-type C57BL/6 recipients treated with GSK2230413. (elsevierpure.com)
At day 28, histological analysis revealed that in the Syk del/del and GSK2230413-treated C57BL/6 recipients, the graft lumen remained open compared with allografts transplanted into Syk-expressing (Syk flox/flox ) and placebo control-treated C57BL/6 recipients. (elsevierpure.com)
With advances in technique and development of new drugs to suppress the immune system , a majority of transplant recipients currently survive more than 3 years. (physio-pedia.com)
Three previous clusters of organ transplant-transmitted LCMV infections have been identified in the United States, affecting 10 organ recipients, 9 of whom died. (medscape.com)
Subsequent testing of specimens from the donor and recipients confirmed LCMV infection in all 5 persons, marking the fourth detected cluster of transplant-associated LCMV transmissions in the United States. (medscape.com)
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after LTx was first described in 1984 at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, in heart-lung transplant recipients who showed a progressive decline inforced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) 3 . (ersjournals.com)

The first tracheal transplant operation was performed only in 1998 in Cleveland (USA), and the patient was doomed to take immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of his life so that the rejection of the donor organ would not occur. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Here is the amazing story of how a man with cancer of the trachea (and no other remaining treatment options) was treated with a tracheal transplant created from "scratch" in the tissue engineering lab, using the patient's own stem cells. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)
This study evaluated the role of Syk in development of OB, using an intrapulmonary tracheal transplant model of OB with the conditional Syk-knockout Syk flox/flox //rosa26-CreER T2 mice and a Syk-selective inhibitor, GSK2230413. (elsevierpure.com)

To make the new airway, the doctors took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from a patient who had recently died. (bbc.co.uk)
Relaxant activity of AH13205 (EP 2 agonist) was also demonstrated in guinea pig but not human airway tissue, which may explain its failure in clinical studies. (bmj.com)
Normal human airway epithelial cells can be obtained as de-identified tissues and exempted from specific human research. (wustl.edu)
Because epithelial cells are targets of alloimmune injury leading ultimately to airway obliteration, we tested whether epithelial re-growth could prevent obliterative airway disease (OAD) in orthotopic tracheal allografts.Brown Norway tracheal segments were orthotopically transplanted into nonimmunosuppressed Lewis rats. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
Inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase attenuates fibrous airway obliteration following allograft transplant in a mouse intrapulmonary transplant model of obliterative bronchiolitis. (elsevierpure.com)

Allografts were removed on days 2-10 (n=13), 30 (n=4), and 60 (n=5) for histology, computerized morphometry (obliteration), and immunohistochemical detection of mononuclear cells, smooth muscle alpha-actin, and tissue phenotype. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
Normal tracheas, host tracheas, and heterotopically transplanted allografts served as controls.Orthotopic allografts removed on days 2-10 exhibited epithelial damage and re-growth and mononuclear cell infiltration. (stanfordhealthcare.org)

Saverio La Francesca is also the former president of Biostage Inc, a biotechnology company dedicated to the development of implants for patients suffering from esophagus, lungs and trachea. (bethsanchez.net)
Doctors inserted a tube through her esophagus and into her lungs and discovered she did not have a trachea. (blogspot.com)
In early March 2013 they visited Seoul to do some final testing and found that Hannah had issues with her esophagus and four major arteries, which would further complicate the surgery, but they determined the transplant could proceed. (blogspot.com)
Hannah had her surgery on April 9th, not only receiving a new trachea, but an operation on her esophagus as well, and then was breathing through a tracheostomy tube. (blogspot.com)

Another group of researchers at the MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine have reprogrammed mouse cells called fibroblasts, which normally become connective tissue, to instead become thymus cells. (eurostemcell.org)
OAD developed with circular orientation of cells and connective tissue fibers to 45+/-6% obliteration by day 60. (stanfordhealthcare.org)

Macchiarini served on Belafsky's international team in 2010 when the Belafsky group performed the second-ever larynx transplant . (blogspot.com)
The statement also said that Martin Birchall of the United Kingdom, a co-leader with Macchiarini on his ground-breaking 2008 transplant surgery, served as a scientific advisor and assisted with the California larynx surgery. (blogspot.com)
Between 50,000 and 60,000 people are diagnosed with cancer of the larynx each year in Europe, and scientists say about half them may be suitable candidates for tissue engineering transplants. (bbc.co.uk)
In a notable advance in organ transplants, surgeons at UC Davis Medical Center have restored the voice of a woman who couldn't speak on her own through a transplant of the larynx, thyroid and trachea. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)

These advances led to tissue engineering, and from this field, the study of regenerative medicine expanded and began to take hold. (wikipedia.org)
This week, Pulmonary Center researchers from the Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) report their successes in developing new techniques to implant engineered cells into damaged lung tissue. (bu.edu)
Key components of regenerative medicine include stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and gene therapy. (asc-international.com)
Tissue engineering is another pivotal aspect of regenerative medicine. (asc-international.com)
Stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and gene therapy are the pillars upon which regenerative medicine is built, and through robust research programs, these techniques are advancing rapidly. (asc-international.com)
It's yet another demonstration that what was once considered hype [in the field of tissue engineering] is becoming a life-changing moment for patients," said Alan Russell, director of the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine in Pittsburgh, who wasn't involved in the latest operation. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)
By using innovative research techniques including cell cultures, animal models, and human tissue studies, the scientists are seeking new insights into the workings of the nervous system, identifying new ways to prevent and treat brain disorders-;and ultimately transforming the field of regenerative medicine for these devastating illnesses. (mybestmedicine.com)
Working lab-grown kidneys have been transplanted into rats by researchers from the Center for Regenerative Medicine in the US. (eurostemcell.org)

The trachea, the tube that connects the voice box and enters both lungs, was then immersed in a solution that contained the patient's stem cells. (collegenews.com)
The first surgeries involved transplanting both lungs and the heart together. (physio-pedia.com)
Since then, operations have been developed to transplant both lungs, a single lung, and even partial lung (lobes). (physio-pedia.com)

Organ transplants have been performed for many decades. (feedburner.com)

Professor Macchiarini focuses his efforts in thoracic surgery - operations in the chest area, more specifically- on the trachea. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Headlines around the world once hailed Paolo Macchiarini as a super-surgeon, a stem cell trailblazer who was responsible for the ground-breaking, first-ever stem cell-based trachea transplant. (blogspot.com)
According to CNN , Macchiarini pushed science limits three years ago when he created an artificial windpipe combining donor tissue and the patient's stem cells. (collegenews.com)
The completely artificial trachea doesn't simply symbolize a more streamlined future of transplants, it also celebrates a "beautiful international collaboration," says Macchiarini. (collegenews.com)
Professor Macchiarini has previously performed successful transplants of tissue-engineered tracheas, but on those occasions the tracheas used were taken from organ donors and then reseeded with the patient s own stem cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Dr. Macchiarini had good reason to feel emboldened: He had successfully transplanted cadaver-based windpipes in 10 patients. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)
With the patient on the surgery table, Dr. Macchiarini and colleagues then added chemicals to the stem cells, persuading them to differentiate into tissue-such as bony cells-that make up the windpipe. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)
The trachea was never a problem," Dr. Macchiarini said. (blogspot.com)
With the sequence to the fact Macchiarini has also told BBC "I am now thinking to use this technique for treating a nine month old child of Korea, who was born along with a malformed trachea or windpipe. (healthdoctrine.com)

When the cell source for a regenerated organ is derived from the patient's own tissue or cells, the challenge of organ transplant rejection via immunological mismatch is circumvented. (wikipedia.org)
The groundbreaking technology also means for the first time tissue transplants can be carried out without the need for anti-rejection drugs. (bbc.co.uk)
By using Ms Castillo's own cells the doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the donated trachea was part of it, thus avoiding rejection. (bbc.co.uk)
Because the cells used to regenerate the trachea were the patient s own, there has been no rejection of the transplant and the patient is not taking immunosuppressive drugs. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Grafts were harvested after 7, 30, and 60 days post-transplant for histologic evaluation and analysis of host cellular and humoral response.Syngeneic tracheal grafts did not develop luminal obliteration and were morphologically indistinguishable from native tracheas. (stanfordhealthcare.org)

Advances in transplanting body parts in the 20th century further pushed the theory that body parts could regenerate and grow new cells. (wikipedia.org)
amp;nbsp;Then, taking both cells that lined Castillo's windpipe and her own stem cells (immature cells from bone marrow), they were able to regenerate the trachea into a living organ. (feedburner.com)

Then they used strong chemicals and enzymes to wash away all of the cells from the donor trachea, leaving only a tissue scaffold made of the fibrous protein collagen. (bbc.co.uk)
all the cells from it, leaving a tissue scaffold made of cartilage. (feedburner.com)
The doctors were able to take a donor trachea, and using chemicals and enzymes, they were able to "wash away" all the cells from it, leaving a tissue scaffold made of cartilage. (blogspot.com)

Understanding the architecture of the tubes in their livers could explain why some children with this syndrome improve with time, but many others need a liver transplant. (elifesciences.org)
After extracting the stem cells from healthy adult mice and maturing them in the lab, the researchers transplanted the cells into mice with liver failure. (eurostemcell.org)
In three months the cells had grown enough to partly restore the structure and function of the animals' livers, providing hope that this technique could one day replace the need for liver transplants in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
Liver from a 62-year-old woman (lung transplant patient) showing acute necrosis of hepatocytes and minimal inflammation. (medscape.com)

In the case of a 9-month-old infant born without a trachea, they used a biodegradable polymer scaffold that will dissolve over time as it is replaced with the child's own cartilage. (blogspot.com)
Their goal is to build a pre-fabricated reconstructive flap using a biodegradable polymer scaffold seeded with a patient's bone and tissue cells. (umich.edu)

Currently, an autologous tissue composite, with or without a tracheal allograft, is the only long-term working solution for every aetiology, despite its technical complexity and setbacks. (ersjournals.com)

Transplantations of tissue-engineered windpipes with synthetic scaffolds in combination with the patient s own stem cells as a standard procedure, means that patients will not have to wait for a suitable donor organ. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Now that our bioreactor has proven it can be used to seed a patient's cells onto a synthetic (i.e., manmade) scaffold, patients will not need to wait for a suitable donor trachea to become available. (globenewswire.com)
Moreover, Scientist at the University College London were performed a 3D scan on Andemariam Teklesenbet Beyene, a 36 years old African patient and with the help of the images they were now being able to craft a suitable and perfect copy of Beyene's trachea as well as out of glass the two main bronchi. (healthdoctrine.com)

The core also has experience with the culture of trachea and lung tissues from mice, rats and pigs. (wustl.edu)
They then transplanted the organ into rats where it successfully filtered blood and produced urine. (eurostemcell.org)

For the first time in history, a patient has been given a new trachea made from a synthetic scaffold seeded with his own stem cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
tissue-engineered synthetic trachea transplants would, not least, be of great value for children, since the availability of donor tracheas is much lower than for adult patients. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Doctors didn't have time to wait for a donor trachea, so they made a 3D image of his damaged windpipe, and then made a synthetic scaffolding out of polymer plastic. (feedburner.com)
Surgeons in Sweden have done this miracle, they already have performed the world's first synthetic organ transplant, which can be say an artificial windpipe transplanted, in the body of a cancer patient. (healthdoctrine.com)

But as soon as the donor trachea came out of the bioreactor it was a very positive surprise. (bbc.co.uk)

This transplant is the first time a completely artificial organ has been implanted. (collegenews.com)
In the summer of 2011, surgeons in Stockholm, Sweden, tried a new version of the artificial trachea. (feedburner.com)
About 48 hours after the transplant, imaging and other studies showed appropriate cells in the process of populating the artificial windpipe-which had begun to function like a natural one. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)

WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) was detected in a bone marrow transplant recipient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome who died in 2001. (cdc.gov)

A windpipe is a hollow tube made up of respiratory cells that sit atop a scaffold of various tissues, such as cartilage and muscle cells. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)
So cartilage can be easily transplanted from one portion of the body to the other and will survive in a remarkable fashion. (chop.edu)
We're going to be splitting up the cricoid cartilage and the trachea in the midline and then importing a piece of rib cartilage. (chop.edu)

Surgeons in Spain have carried out the world's first tissue-engineered whole organ transplant - using a windpipe made with the patient's own stem cells. (bbc.co.uk)

Bronchoscopy can be combined with a transbronchial lung biopsy, which is a procedure used to collect pieces of lung tissue. (healthline.com)
Your doctor collects small samples of your lung tissue with tiny forceps. (healthline.com)
Lung surgery is surgery done to repair or remove lung tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
Inflate lung tissue that has collapsed (This may be due to disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or an injury. (medlineplus.gov)

Researchers are exploring the potential of both embryonic and adult stem cells to repair and replace damaged tissues. (asc-international.com)
Researchers are already using the printers to print tiny strips of organ tissue. (disabled-world.com)
In a study at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , researchers used induced pluripotent stem cells to grow human intestinal tissue in the lab. (eurostemcell.org)
If it works in pigs, the U-M researchers believe tissue-engineered flaps could revolutionize the field of facial reconstructive surgery. (umich.edu)

We showed a significant reduction in the diaphragm height after SLTx on the transplanted side (−1.20 cm, p = 0.05), while no change on the native side (+0.02 cm, p = 0.88). (frontiersin.org)

When mixed with other thymus cell types and transplanted into mice, the cells grew into a functioning mouse thymus. (eurostemcell.org)

Surgeons can now start to see and understand the potential for adult stem cells and tissue engineering to radically improve their ability to treat patients with serious diseases. (bbc.co.uk)
In many cases, it can be hard to know just when you should get a transplant but cardiothoracic surgeons can shed more light here. (bethsanchez.net)

Professor Martin Birchall, professor of surgery at the University of Bristol who helped grow the cells for the transplant, said: "This will represent a huge step change in surgery. (bbc.co.uk)

That study determined that WUPyV was present in epithelial cells from a bronchoalveolar lavage from a lung transplant recipient with Job syndrome. (cdc.gov)
A complete understanding of the types of cells and tissues in which the virus replicates is critical for identifying potential diseases with which it may be associated. (cdc.gov)
3 Donor trachea "scaffold" coated with stem cells from the patient's hip bone marrow. (bbc.co.uk)
A mouse trachea cut open longitudinally, with green fluorescence indicating transplanted engineered basal cells. (bu.edu)
For more than 20 years, Dr. Kotton's team has pursued ways to engraft cells into injured lung tissues with the goal of regenerating lung airways or alveoli. (bu.edu)
Using adult stem cells from her bone marrow, the team created a scaffold and grew the new trachea. (science20.com)
After just a few weeks the cells developed into beating heart tissue [6]. (eurostemcell.org)
Three-dimensional human gastric tissue has been grown by a team at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center using human pluripotent stem cells that were coaxed into becoming stomach cells. (eurostemcell.org)
Cancer refers to diseases in which abnormal cells divide out of control and are able to invade other tissues. (cdc.gov)

If a small piece of tissue is taken during the procedure, it's called a transbronchial biopsy and is used to diagnose lung conditions. (healthline.com)
BO and its clinical correlate bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) affect up to 50-60% of patients who survive 5 yrs after surgery, irrespective of the type of transplant procedure 1 , 4 - 6 . (ersjournals.com)

Explanted tissues from patients with advanced lung diseases undergoing lung transplant are also available cultured on a limited bases. (wustl.edu)
The most common underlying conditions requiring heart-lung transplants are congenital cardiac diseases with Eisenmenger syndrome and certain pulmonary hypertension disorders [1] . (physio-pedia.com)

31 patients mainly transplanted for emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis were included. (frontiersin.org)

When your throat is numb, a flexible bronchoscope is threaded through your trachea, or windpipe, into your airways. (healthline.com)

A heart-lung transplant is performed for unsalvagable dual cardiac and pulmonary failure. (physio-pedia.com)

The European research team, which also includes experts from the University of Padua and the Polytechnic of Milan in Italy, is applying for funding to do windpipe and voice box transplants in cancer patients. (bbc.co.uk)
An organ transplant is an established life-saving therapy for these patients. (physio-pedia.com)
Lung biopsies from these patients showed intraluminal polyps comprised of fibromyxoid granulation tissue and plaques of dense submucosal eosinophilic scar. (ersjournals.com)

CPT 33935 describes a heart-lung transplant with recipient cardiectomy-pneumonectomy. (codingahead.com)
CPT 33945 describes a heart transplant, with or without recipient cardiectomy. (codingahead.com)
For instance, congenital infection can result in birth defects, including hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis, [ 9-12 ] and transplant recipient infection can result in multisystem organ failure. (medscape.com)
Histopathologic findings showed multifocal hepatocellular necrosis (Figure 1) in the lung transplant recipient, and Old World arenavirus antigens subsequently were identified by immunohistochemical testing (IHC). (medscape.com)

The main limitation seems to be the capacity for tracheal tissue regeneration. (ersjournals.com)

The trachea is a rather vulnerable zone of the human body: it can be affected as a result of cancer, complications after tuberculosis, external influences - burns, mechanical, and it is difficult to replace it. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a tyrosine kinase that regulates B cell function and innate immunity, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and tissue repair. (elsevierpure.com)

eg, bone, bone marrow, and skin grafts) Genetically identical (syngeneic [between monozygotic twins]) donor tissue (isografts) Genetically. (msdmanuals.com)

Although the role of WUPyV as a human pathogen remains unclear, these results clearly demonstrate evidence for infection of respiratory tract tissues in this patient. (cdc.gov)
In January 2001, a 27-month-old girl was admitted to an upstate New York area hospital for a 5/6 human leukocyte antigen-matched cord blood transplant from an unrelated donor. (cdc.gov)
He said it looked and behaved identically to a normal human donor trachea. (bbc.co.uk)
A pioneering heart surgeon, Dr Christiaan Barnard, performed the first successful human-to-human heart transplant operation in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. (physio-pedia.com)
They then connected the tissue to the kidney of a mouse, providing it with a blood supply to allow it to mature into a piece of human intestine. (eurostemcell.org)

After a month, a biopsy of the site proved that the transplant had developed its own blood supply. (bbc.co.uk)

Her native tissue was too fragile for the operation to work. (blogspot.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms1

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes7

Named Groups2

Health Care6

Organs24

Almost completely blocked the trachea2

Transplantation6

Ready to be transplanted2

Recipients8

Tracheal transplant3

Airway5

Allografts2

Esophagus4

Connective tissue2

Larynx4

Regenerative medicine8

Lungs3

Organ transplants1

Macchiarini9

Rejection4

Obliteration1

Regenerate2

Scaffold made3

Liver4

Biodegradable polymer scaffold2

Allograft1

Suitable3

Rats2

Synthetic4

Bioreactor1

Artificial3

Acute1

Cartilage3

Patient's own stem cells1

Lung tissue4

Researchers4

Diaphragm1

Mice1

Surgeons2

Grow1

Cells9

Procedure2

Diseases2

Emphysema1

Airways1

Pulmonary1

Patients3

Recipient4

Regeneration1

Cancer1

Inflammation1

Bone marrow1

Human5

Biopsy1

Operation1