AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
HeLa CellsMolecular Sequence DataMammalsBase SequenceAmino Acid SequenceCell LineTransfectionCell NucleusTranscription, GeneticCloning, MolecularRNA, MessengerProtein BindingDNADNA-Binding ProteinsTranscription FactorsSequence Homology, Amino AcidNuclear ProteinsKineticsMutationPoliovirusRecombinant Fusion ProteinsPlasmidsPromoter Regions, GeneticRecombinant ProteinsCricetinaeGene Expression RegulationCarrier ProteinsMitosisDNA, ComplementaryEmbryo, MammalianProtein BiosynthesisMolecular WeightPhosphorylationSignal TransductionCell CycleCells, CulturedMicroscopy, FluorescenceCytoplasmApoptosisMembrane ProteinsTOR Serine-Threonine KinasesProtein Structure, TertiaryElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelRNA InterferenceCell MembraneGreen Fluorescent ProteinsGene ExpressionProteinsRNA, Small InterferingSpecies SpecificityAdenoviruses, HumanBlotting, WesternRNASequence AlignmentRibonucleoproteinsDNA ReplicationCell ExtractsProtein TransportCOS CellsCell SurvivalDNA PrimersFluorescent Antibody TechniqueTime FactorsProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesViral ProteinsCercopithecus aethiopsModels, BiologicalSubstrate SpecificityCHO CellsLuminescent ProteinsProtein KinasesCell Cycle ProteinsRNA-Binding ProteinsBiological TransportRNA SplicingCattleMitochondriaBinding SitesSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidPrecipitin TestsRabbitsCell NucleolusGenetic VectorsGenes, ReporterGenesTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesEscherichia coliUridineRNA PrecursorsImmunoblottingEnzyme ActivationTumor Cells, CulturedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMicroscopy, ElectronSubcellular FractionsInterphaseConserved SequenceVirus ReplicationCricetulusMutagenesis, Site-Directed
Animal tissuesApoptosisProteinsGrowthA431VeroMonolayerRegenerative MedicineAtg18YeastVitroEmbryonic stemLysatesAutophagyEmbryosImmortal human cell lineRecombinantProliferationHEK293PhysiologyCytopathic effectsLysisBuffersImmunohistochemicalEukaryoticHuman diploid cellsWidelyPelletCancersMembrane1951ClonesDiseaseLinesPathwayCulturesSomaticFluorescence microscopyCommonlyBiologyPhenolProcedureExpressionFlaskTumor cellsSuitableMolecules and CellsStemRegulateInfectionSuspensionAdherentVirusesAdultCycle arrestLineGeneticallySerumExperiments
Animal tissues4
  • The efficient DNeasy Blood & Tissue procedure enables high yields of total DNA from animal blood and tissue samples (see table Typical DNA yields from animal tissues using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kits and figure DNA yields. DNA was purified from 100 µl whole blood using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit. Goat : DNA was purified from 50 µl goat whole blood. Using more than 50 µl goat blood gave no significant increase in DNA yield. Chicken : DNA was purified from 5 µl chicken whole blood. Bird blood contains nucleated erythrocytes, giving higher DNA yields than mammalian blood. "> DNA yields ). (qiagen.com)
  • It can lyse the toughest bacterial cells and spores as well as yeasts, fungi, moulds, some plant and some animal tissues directly. (gelcompanystore.com)
  • Consequently, immunofluorescence in many human tissues or aged animal tissues can be virtually impossible unless lipofuscin fluorescence is masked. (biotium.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
Apoptosis11
  • It is also involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [17]. (termedia.pl)
  • Storage protein 2 (SP2) not only is an important source of energy for the growth and development of silkworm but also has inhibitory effects on cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Many factors, such as peroxide, ox-low density lipoprotein (LDL), angiotensin I, and tumor-necrosis-factor-(TNF-) α can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle [ 2 ], which results in oxidative stress to the endothelial cells (ECs) and, thus, the induction of cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Additional studies have also shown that hemolymph from the silkworm ( Bombyx mori ) can inhibit insect and mammalian cell apoptosis that is induced by viruses and several chemical inducers, such as staurosporine, camptothecin, and actinomycin D [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A recent study showed that another protein in silkworm hemolymph, storage protein 2 (SP2), can also inhibit staurosporine-induced HeLa cell apoptosis and ROS generation [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, in this review, we avoid a lengthy repetition of the description of autophagy and cell death processes and focus on the death-promoting roles of autophagy and the intertwined connection between autophagy and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Y. Tanaka, K. Matsuo and S. Yuzuriha, "Near-Infrared Irradiation Non-Thermally Induces Long-Lasting Vasodilation by Causing Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells," ePlasty, Vol. 11, 2011, p. e22. (scirp.org)
  • The outcomes indicated that publicity to Cu-NPs led to vital decreases within the relative uterine weight coefficients and will increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization, shortened and lowered endometrial epithelial cell microvilli, and apoptosis. (caspase-14.com)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • Micrographs (upper panels) of HeLa cells [A] under normal growth conditions and [B] after 4 hour incubation with staurosporine, an inducer of apoptosis. (qiagen.com)
  • It is known that during apoptosis cytochrome c is translocated from the intermembrane space of mitochondria to the cytosol, a process that is reflected in the detection of cytochrome c in the cytosolic fraction of apoptotic cells. (qiagen.com)
Proteins20
  • The Atg proteins regulate autophagy, which is a lysosomal degradation pathway required for maintaining cell health, surviving periods of nutrient deprivation and also plays a role in cancer, neurodegeneration and immune responses to a diverse range of pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells are used for a wide variety of purposes, from testing toxicity of compounds or drugs to production of eukaryotic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipofuscin consists of highly autofluorescent granules of oxidized proteins and lipids that build up in the lysosomes of aging cells in a variety of tissues. (biotium.com)
  • We initially used maps statically to generate a database with localization and absolute copy number information for over 8700 proteins from HeLa cells, approaching comprehensive coverage. (elifesciences.org)
  • Proteins are the tools and machines of the cell, and each organelle has its own set of proteins that it requires to work correctly. (elifesciences.org)
  • Each cell contains ten or more organelles, and several thousand different types of proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • The location of many proteins in a cell is unclear or simply not known. (elifesciences.org)
  • set out to develop a method that reveals the locations of all the proteins in a cell at any given time. (elifesciences.org)
  • The resulting technique maps the location of most of the proteins in a human cancer cell line and, in addition, determines how many copies of each protein there are. (elifesciences.org)
  • Is usually transferred involving neighbouring cells in Anti-Muellerian Hormone Type-2 Receptor (AMHR2) Proteins Storage & Stability mammalian tissue to control the expression of genes in both donor and recipient cells. (translateinthetownships.com)
  • Results: We've identified that, by way of a exceptional mechanism , the EV-associated miRNAs which might be mostly single stranded can get loaded using the Ago proteins present within the target cells to turn into functional there. (translateinthetownships.com)
  • The loading of EV-derived miRNAs to host cells Ago proteins is not dependent on the Dicer1 that otherwise necessary for the loading with the Ago proteins with double stranded miRNAs ahead of one particular strand get cleaved and dislodged from Ago2. (translateinthetownships.com)
  • Summary/Conclusion: hence we conclude that Leishmania donovani Flk-1/CD309 Proteins supplier Restricts Retrograde DicerIndependent Loading of Extracellular Single Stranded miR-122 in Host Cell Agos to prevent Inflammatory Response. (translateinthetownships.com)
  • Over the last three decades, the expression of recombinant proteins in plants and plant cells has been promoted as an alternative cost-effective production platform. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most recombinant proteins are currently produced in prokaryotic cells (mainly the bacterium Escherichia coli ) and a small number of well-characterized mammalian cell lines, such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Autophagy is generally considered as a cell survival/protection mechanism because it removes toxic or obsolete proteins and organelles and recycles the degradation products for use as sources for energy and metabolites in anabolic pathways 3 . (nature.com)
  • Mammalian cells are mostly used in the biopharmaceutical industry for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. (medgadget.com)
  • By sequential addition of different extraction buffers to a cell pellet, proteins in the different cellular compartments can be selectively isolated. (qiagen.com)
  • The kit contains 4 Extraction Buffers which enable the sequential isolation of proteins associated with the cytosol, membranes, nucleus, and cytoskeleton from cell lysates or tissues. (qiagen.com)
  • Localization of proteins in cells under different growth conditions. (qiagen.com)
Growth16
  • A spinner culture system for the growth of tissue cells in fluid suspension has been described. (aai.org)
  • Furthermore, BME, when properly supplemented, has demonstrated wide applicability, for supporting monolayer growth of a wide variety of normal and transformed cell lines. (purmabiologics.com)
  • were able to compare such a model of the cell under normal circumstances to a model made after the cell had been stimulated with a growth factor. (elifesciences.org)
  • F-10 Ham supports the growth of human diploid cells, white blood cells for chromosomal analysis, and primary explants of rat, rabbit, and chicken tissues. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Ham′s Nutrient Mixtures are developed to support the clonal growth of several clones like Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, clones of HeLa, and mouse L-cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated the growth of frog embryonic cells that would give rise to nerve cells in a medium of clotted lymph . (wikipedia.org)
  • To mitigate this issue, selective growth of these cells is advised, and if heterogeneity persists, using FACS to select the labelled population can improve cell quality. (cytion.com)
  • With increasing use of technology, rapid industrialization, and more research programs, growing economies such East Asia will experience increasing growth in the mammalian cell banking market. (medgadget.com)
  • Rising demand for cell lines for producing vaccines to combat the COVID-19 outbreak is boding well for the growth of the mammalian cell banking market. (medgadget.com)
  • The global mammalian cell banking market is expected to witness robust growth during the forecast period. (medgadget.com)
  • Various players in the mammalian cell banking market are focusing on growth strategies such as acquisitions and partnerships. (medgadget.com)
  • The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION . (lookformedical.com)
  • We have determined that the ability of C. jejuni to bind to epithelial cell lines in vitro is significantly affected by the growth temperature and growth stage of the bacteria, but not by growth-medium composition. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The effect of hairpin loop overexpression on cell growth and cancer processes was also investigated by analyzing cell-cycle phases and miR-206 expression. (lidsen.com)
A4313
  • WIPI2 mRNA is readily detectable in several commonly used laboratory cell lines (HEK293A, HeLa, A431) and several cancer cell lines, while WIPI1 expression is limited to cancer cells[citation needed] (but is also detected in many human tissues). (wikipedia.org)
  • Use 1mL of cold RIPA Buffer for every 5 106 of HeLa or A431 cells (~20µL of packed cells, which is equivalent to ~40mg of cells). (xfbio.com)
  • Use 1mL of buffer per 75cm2flask containing 5 106 HeLa or A431 cells. (xfbio.com)
Vero2
  • The mosquito-infecting virus, Espirito Santo virus (ESV), does not infect Vero (mammalian) cells and grows in mosquito (C6/36) cells without cytopathic effects. (bvsalud.org)
  • A variety of primary cells and established cell lines support the replication of flaviviruses: Green monkey (Vero), hamster (BHK-21), human (SW-13, HeLa), porcine (PS), and mosquito cell lines, as well as primary chicken and duck embryo cells have been used for flavivirus isolation and propagation in routine diagnostic applications. (cdc.gov)
Monolayer1
  • Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate to form an adherent culture as a monolayer (one single-cell thick), whereas others can be grown free floating in a medium as a suspension culture . (wikipedia.org)
Regenerative Medicine4
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
  • The purpose of regenerative medicine, especially tissue engineering, is to replace damaged tissue with new tissue that will allow the body to resume normal function. (asu.edu)
  • Activation of stem cells by near-infrared may be useful in regenerative medicine. (scirp.org)
  • Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)
Atg181
  • WIPI2 is the mammalian homolog of Atg18, not Atg21, along with the closely related protein, WIPI1. (wikipedia.org)
Yeast2
  • Other systems are used in commercial processes but are less common, including insect cells, yeast, algae, and cell-free expression platforms ( Markets and Markets, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.com)
Vitro9
  • The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other immortalised cell lines are the in vitro equivalent of cancerous cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immortalised cell lines have undergone similar mutations allowing a cell type which would normally not be able to divide to be proliferated in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immortalised cell lines find use in biotechnology, where they are a cost-effective way of growing cells similar to those found in a multicellular organism in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nobel Prize winner Alexis Carrel performed numerous experiments clearly showing that tissue explants, including connective tissue and heart tissue, could be cultured in vitro preserving their characteristics for prolonged periods of time [ 2 ] supporting the notion that entire organs could be cultured in vitro. (intechopen.com)
  • A defined synthetic mixture of amino acids, salts, carbohydrates, vitamins and serum was shown to support cells in vitro[ 3 ], thus unifying a major variable in cell culturing experiments and providing a possibility for rapid development of this novel method. (intechopen.com)
  • We investigated the in vitro susceptibility of various cell cultures and embryonated eggs to Usutu virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • These inhibitors inhibit NHEJ-catalyzed DSB repair and sensitize in vitro cancer cells to DSB-inducing agents. (termedia.pl)
  • The role of ZIP4 in HCC was investigated by overexpressing ZIP4 in BEL7402 and HepG2 cells and inhibiting ZIP4 in HuH-7 and HepG2 cells, using overexpression and shRNA plasmids in vitro studies. (ijbs.com)
Embryonic stem2
  • Research on iPSCs, initiated by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 and extended by James Thompson in 2007, has so far revealed the same properties as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), making their discovery potentially very beneficial for scientists and ethicists alike. (asu.edu)
  • IPSCs gained immediate international attention for their apparent similarity to embryonic stem cells after their successful creation in 2006 by Shinya Yamanaka and in 2007 by James Thompson and others. (asu.edu)
Lysates1
  • Lower panels show western blots prepared after cell lysates were processed using the Qproteome Cell Compartment Kit. (qiagen.com)
Autophagy6
  • However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, the relationship between autophagy and cell death remains unclear and warrants further study to harness autophagy for the treatment of various human diseases. (nature.com)
  • In a fasting state, increased glucagon and epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion induce autophagy, and glucocorticoids have also been shown to induce autophagy by stimulating the transcription of autophagy genes such as ATG5, LC3, and Beclin-1 in various tissues 8 . (nature.com)
  • Half a century ago, Christian de Duve coined the term "autophagy" (literally, "self-eating" in Greek) to describe a process where the cell digests its cytoplasmic materials within lysosomes 1 . (nature.com)
  • The goal of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of trehalose on the autophagy death of SHSY5Y cells induced by oxygen and sugar deprivation from the aspect of glycolysis. (ijpsonline.com)
  • On the contrary, the cell death rate and autophagy level of the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the model group. (ijpsonline.com)
Embryos3
  • We investigated the susceptibility to Usutu virus ( Flavivirus ) of 13 permanent cell lines, 3 primary cell cultures, and chicken embryos. (cdc.gov)
  • Chicken embryo fibroblast cells and chicken embryos were resistant. (cdc.gov)
  • Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)
Immortal human cell line3
  • HeLa, the first immortal human cell line on record to be successfully isolated and proliferated by a laboratory, was taken from Henrietta Lacks (without informed consent) in 1951 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. (wikipedia.org)
  • The HeLa cell line was the first immortal human cell line that George Otto Gey, Margaret Gey, and Mary Kucibek first isolated from Henrietta Lacks and developed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1951. (asu.edu)
  • An immortal human cell line is a cluster of cells that continuously multiply on their own outside of the human from which they originated. (asu.edu)
Recombinant1
  • Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.com)
Proliferation5
  • Cancer occurs when a somatic cell which normally cannot divide undergoes mutations which cause de-regulation of the normal cell cycle controls leading to uncontrolled proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • K405R mutant expressing cancer cells have reduced G1/S transition and slower proliferation compared to wildtype. (oncotarget.com)
  • Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation , and cell proliferation . (lookformedical.com)
  • The proliferation activity, mortality of SH-SY5Y cells, adenosine triphosphate and pyruvic acid were measured. (ijpsonline.com)
HEK2931
Physiology2
  • 4 ] in 1951 cell culturing has become one of the most widely used methods with exceptional contribution to the advances in almost all fields of contemporary biology - cell biology, genetics, cell biochemistry, physiology etc. (intechopen.com)
  • Studying single-cell physiology and responses to environmental triggers is crucial for increased understanding of how microbes in soil function and contribute to larger scale biogeochemical cycles. (lu.se)
Cytopathic effects1
  • The appearance of cytopathic effects (CPEs), plaque formation, and virus yields greatly vary with the different viruses and host cells. (cdc.gov)
Lysis1
Buffers2
  • The RIPA buffer is one of the most reliable buffers used to lyse cultured mammalian cells from both plated cells and cells pelleted from suspension cultures. (xfbio.com)
  • The 4 Extraction Buffers are added sequentially to a cell pellet and the respective fractions are isolated by centrifugation (see flowchart ). (qiagen.com)
Immunohistochemical2
  • however, viral multiplication was detected in all mammalian cell types by immunohistochemical tests. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate ZIP4 expression in HCC tissues from 60 patients undergoing liver transplantation, 36 cirrhotic tissue samples, and 6 normal tissue samples. (ijbs.com)
Eukaryotic3
  • The hallmark of eukaryotic cells is their compartmentalization into distinct membrane-bound organelles. (elifesciences.org)
  • Eukaryotic cells are complex, well-ordered, and highly structured systems. (qiagen.com)
  • The Cell Compartment Kit is designed for fast and easy subcellular fractionation of intact eukaryotic cells and tissue. (qiagen.com)
Human diploid cells1
  • Improved chemically defined basal medium (CMRL-1969) for primary monkey kidney and human diploid cells. (purmabiologics.com)
Widely7
  • Immortalised cell lines are widely used as a simple model for more complex biological systems, for example for the analysis of the biochemistry and cell biology of mammalian (including human) cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many cell lines that are widely used for biomedical research have been contaminated and overgrown by other, more aggressive cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • HeLa cells - a widely used human cell line isolated from cervical cancer patient Henrietta Lacks. (wikipedia.org)
  • this media is one of the most widely used of all synthetic cell culture media. (purmabiologics.com)
  • Dynamic Organellar Maps enable the proteome-wide analysis of physiological protein movements, without requiring any reagents specific to the investigated process, and will thus be widely applicable in cell biology. (elifesciences.org)
  • Growing importance of cell lines in research: Cell lines are widely used in basic and applied research, and their importance is expected to continue to grow in the coming years. (medgadget.com)
  • Here we describe a widely applicable nontoxic approach for measuring DNA content in live cells by fluorescence microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
Pellet7
  • 3. Resuspend the cell pellet in 5 mL pre-warmed culture medium and count using a haemocytometer or alternative cell counting method. (abcam.com)
  • Centrifuge samples at ~14,000 g for 15 minutes to pellet the cell debris. (xfbio.com)
  • 1. Pellet the cells by centrifugation at 2500 g for 5 m inutes. (xfbio.com)
  • 3. Add RIPA Buffer to the cell pellet. (xfbio.com)
  • Use 1mL of RIPA buffer for 40mg (~5 106 of HeLa cells) of wet cell pellet. (xfbio.com)
  • If a cell pellet is visible, resuspend the cells in 5 ml of cell culture medium and transfer to a T25 cell culture flask. (cytion.com)
  • In an alternative protocol for tissues, samples are simultaneously homogenized and disrupted using the TissueRuptor before being processed as for the cell pellet. (qiagen.com)
Cancers2
  • The origins of some immortal cell lines, for example HeLa human cells, are from naturally occurring cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first type of tissue engineering using stem cells was hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a surgical procedure in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are infused into a host to treat a variety of blood diseases, cancers, and immunodeficiencies. (asu.edu)
Membrane8
  • Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite have an effect on membrane dynamics in infected macrophage cells and thus it restrict the internalization of miR-122 containing EVs that otherwise bring about an inflammatory response in mammalian macrophage-a approach detrimental for the pathogen. (translateinthetownships.com)
  • Subcellular localization results showed that SP2 is located mainly on the cell membrane. (hindawi.com)
  • Stericup Quick Release-GP Sterile Vacuum Filtration System, Stericup Quick Release-GP sterile vacuum filtration system combines a 500 mL Steritop bottle top filter unit, which uses a 0.22 µm pore size fast flow PES Express PLUS membrane, with a 500 mL receiver flask for sterilizing tissue culture media, protein & DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The Pfeffer Zelle (Pfeffer Cell Apparatus), invented by Wilhelm Pfeffer in 1877, measured the minimum pressure needed to prevent a pure solvent from passing into a solution across a semi-permeable membrane, called osmotic pressure. (asu.edu)
  • In contrast, internalisation is markedly diminished at low temperature, appears to involve active invagination of the target cell membrane via pseudopod formation, and is maximal when cells of human origin are employed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Fauchere J.-L. , Kervella M. , Rosenau A. , Mohanna K. , Veron M. Adhesion to HeLa cells of Campylobacter jejuni and C coli outer membrane components. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This method relies on introducing a live-cell membrane-permeant DNA fluorophore, such as Hoechst 33342, into the culture medium of cells at the end of any live-cell imaging experiment and measuring each cell's integrated nuclear fluorescence to quantify DNA content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To overcome the limitations brought upon by cellular fixation, membrane-permeant DNA fluorophores were designed to stain DNA stoichiometrically in live-cells (supravital staining), enabling both the quantification of DNA content and the ability to track the movement of chromosomes over time. (biomedcentral.com)
19511
  • Major examples include human HeLa, the line is derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a 31-year-old African-American mother of five, who died of cancer on October 4, 1951. (wikipedia.org)
Clones1
  • While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.com)
Disease2
  • Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Each of these features can be influenced by a disease and cause changes in cell signaling cascades and phenotypes. (rsc.org)
Lines23
  • Immortal cell lines are a very important tool for research into the biochemistry and cell biology of multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immortalised cell lines have also found uses in biotechnology. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are various immortal cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of them are normal cell lines (e.g. derived from stem cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • Immortalised cell lines can also be cloned giving rise to a clonal population which can, in turn, be propagated indefinitely. (wikipedia.org)
  • While immortalised cell lines often originate from a well-known tissue type, they have undergone significant mutations to become immortal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further, cell lines can change genetically over multiple passages, leading to phenotypic differences among isolates and potentially different experimental results depending on when and with what strain isolate an experiment is conducted. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, supposed thyroid lines were actually melanoma cells, supposed prostate tissue was actually bladder cancer, and supposed normal uterine cultures were actually breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several methods for generating immortalised cell lines: Isolation from a naturally occurring cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hybridoma technology, specifically used for generating immortalised antibody-producing B cell lines, where an antibody-producing B cell is fused with a myeloma (B cell cancer) cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several examples of immortalised cell lines, each with different properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most immortalised cell lines are classified by the cell type they originated from or are most similar to biologically. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among these is the isolation of the first line of murine stem cells [ 5 , 6 ] in 1981, followed by establishment of the first human embryonic stem cell lines by Thompson [ 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • To 1-day-old confluent monolayers of the permanent cell lines and primary cell cultures, grown on the surface of chamber slides, the Austrian Usutu virus strain Vienna 2001-blackbird (GenBank accession no. (cdc.gov)
  • A team of researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine and Mount Sinai Hospital developed two novel models of humanized mice using five human embryonic stem cell lines. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • Four human embyonic stem cell lines were used in the experiment. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • As the transgenes are integrated at the same chromosomal site, cell lines were prepared by pooling individual colonies. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • Cell lines with less than 5% blue cells were used for further experiments. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • There are multiple aborted fetal cell lines currently in use, and each one can be traced back to a preborn baby. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • Scientists use immortal human cell lines in their research to investigate how cells function in humans. (asu.edu)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell banks allow the storage and generation of detailed characterizations of cell lines with specific genomes for research use. (medgadget.com)
  • Cell lines are used in a variety of research applications, including drug discovery and development, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. (medgadget.com)
Pathway1
  • Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
Cultures3
  • [9] It can also be found in Maackia amurensis cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Growing viruses in cell cultures allowed preparation of purified viruses for the manufacture of vaccines . (wikipedia.org)
  • This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic2
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are cells derived from non-pluripotent cells, such as adult somatic cells, that are genetically manipulated so as to return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. (asu.edu)
  • Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ cells. (asu.edu)
Fluorescence microscopy2
  • Live-cell fluorescence microscopy (LCFM) is a powerful tool used to investigate cellular dynamics in real time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To overcome this limitation, approaches incorporating laser scanning cytometry and fluorescence microscopy have been successful in quantifying DNA content in single cells [ 2 , 3 ], providing the capacity to combine this information with additional cellular parameters that can be elucidated by imaging. (biomedcentral.com)
Commonly1
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
Biology6
  • DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kits are intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)
  • This simplifies analysis of the biology of cells which may otherwise have a limited lifetime. (wikipedia.org)
  • This can alter the biology of the cell and must be taken into consideration in any analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Qproteome Cell Compartment Kit is intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)
  • However, the measurement of DNA content by flow cytometry provides little resolution to the biology of individual cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Phenol1
  • DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kits provide fast, easy silica-based DNA extraction without phenol or chloroform in convenient spin-column and 96-well-plate formats. (qiagen.com)
Procedure1
  • Applying miR-122 adverse HeLa cells as recipient cells and miR122 containing exososmes isolated from miR-122 optimistic cells, we've got delineated the mechanistic detail of the import procedure. (translateinthetownships.com)
Expression5
  • For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)
  • For integration into the FRT docking site, cells were co-transfected with the FLP expression vector pCSFLPe and the corresponding integration vector at a ratio of 9 to 1. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • For conditional expression of transgenes, cells were cultured in 1 g/ml doxycycline or 1 M Shld1. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • However, the market is still dominated by prokaryotic and mammalian expression systems, the former offering high production capacity at a low cost, and the latter favored for the production of complex biopharmaceutical products. (frontiersin.org)
  • After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
Flask3
  • Based on cell count, seed cells in an appropriate cell culture flask at a density of 2x10 4 cells/cm 2 . (abcam.com)
  • Add Accutase (1-2ml per T25, 2.5ml per T75 cell culture flask), the cell sheet must be covered completely. (cytion.com)
  • Carefully add 5 ml of cell culture medium to each T25 cell culture flask. (cytion.com)
Tumor cells1
Suitable1
  • The approach is suitable for any standard epifluorescence microscope equipped with a stable illumination source and either a stage-top incubator or an enclosed live-cell incubation chamber. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecules and Cells1
Stem8
  • An immortalised cell line should not be confused with stem cells, which can also divide indefinitely, but form a normal part of the development of a multicellular organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The uniqueness of tissue engineering is that it can restore normal structure in addition to repairing tissue function, and is often accomplished using stem cells. (asu.edu)
  • The recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and related technologies has caught the attention of scientists, activists, politicians, and ethicists alike. (asu.edu)
  • Cord blood banks are institutions designed to store umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells. (asu.edu)
  • UCB, a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), has garnered attention from scientific and medical communities since its first successful use in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in 1988. (asu.edu)
  • James Edgar Till is a biophysicist known for establishing the existence of stem cells along with Ernest McCulloch in 1963. (asu.edu)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can shift, or differentiate, into specialized types of cells and serve as a repair system in the body by dividing indefinitely to replenish other cells. (asu.edu)
  • Till's work with stem cells in bone marrow, which produces the body's blood cells, helped form the field of modern hematology, a medical discipline that focuses on diseases related to the blood. (asu.edu)
Regulate3
  • Subcellular localization critically influences protein function, and cells control protein localization to regulate biological processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • PCD has fundamental functions in tissue development and homeostasis, as PCD is activated to sculpt or remove structures, regulate cell numbers, and eliminate unnecessary or dysfunctional cells. (nature.com)
  • Initially, two observations prompted the present study: i) previous results revealed down-regulation of p68 RNA helicase resulting from overexpression of the IDX hairpin loop in HeLa cells, and ii) the secondary structure of the IDX hairpin loop resembles pri-miRNAs, implying that an miRNA could be processed from the hairpin loop-containing pri-miRNA and regulate 68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
Infection3
  • The purpose of the study, published 28 October 2020, was to study the response of human lung and colonic tissue to SARS-COV2 infection and provide in vivo platforms to facilitate drug screening of COVID-19 therapeutics. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • The present invention provides a simple and robust human liver cell-based system in which persistent hepatitis C infection, persistent hepatitis B infection or ethanol exposure induces a clinical Prognostic Liver Signature (PLS) high-risk gene signature. (sumobrain.com)
  • Although the treatment is associated with long term B-cells depletion, patient doesn´t suffer from any clinically relevant infection. (nel.edu)
Suspension2
  • 2. Transfer the cell suspension (0.8 mL) to a 15 mL/50 mL conical sterile polypropylene centrifuge tube containing 8.4 mL pre-warmed culture medium, wash vial with an additional 0.8 mL culture medium (total volume 10 mL) to collect remaining cells, and centrifuge at 201 x g (rcf) for 5 minutes at room temperature. (abcam.com)
  • Carefully open the vial and transfer the cell suspension into a 15 ml centrifuge tube containing 8 ml of culture medium (room temperature). (cytion.com)
Adherent2
  • 1. Carefully remove (decant) culture medium from adherent cells. (xfbio.com)
  • Remove medium and rinse the adherent cells using PBS without calcium and magnesium (3-5 ml PBS for T25, 5-10ml for T75 cell culture flasks). (cytion.com)
Viruses4
  • Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Crucially, some viral vectors (i.e., viruses specifically used to deliver genetic material into cells) have the potential to circumvent the blood-brain- (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) when intravenously injected. (frontiersin.org)
  • Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Adult2
  • Lipofuscin autofluorescence in methanol-fixed adult human brain tissue sections. (biotium.com)
  • SP2 is presumed to be used as a store of the amino acids required for the development of adult tissues [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cycle arrest1
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
Line11
  • An immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism which would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is the original method for generating an immortalised cell line. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3T3 cells - a mouse fibroblast cell line derived from a spontaneous mutation in cultured mouse embryo tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the establishment of the first cell line by Gey et al. (intechopen.com)
  • Human wild-type HeLa cell line ( ab255928 ). (abcam.com)
  • Please note a wild-type cell line is not automatically included with a knockout cell line order, if required please add recommended wild-type cell line at no additional cost using the code WILDTYPE-TMTK1. (abcam.com)
  • The cell line was developed by J.P. Jacobs in September 1966 after an abortion was committed on a physically healthy 27-year-old woman for psychiatric reasons. (healthykidneyclub.com)
  • The silkworm-derived cell line BmN was maintained at 27°C in TC-100 medium (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). (hindawi.com)
  • This cell line is licensed to CLS by a university or institute. (cytion.com)
  • This clonal stable cell line was generated by transfection of a circular plasmid followed by drug resistance selection. (cytion.com)
  • For example, in June 2019 , Selexis SA announced a partnership with Avacta Group Plc for cell line development. (medgadget.com)
Genetically2
  • This allows an analysis to be repeated many times on genetically identical cells, which is desirable for repeatable scientific experiments. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but some cell-culturing cells have been "transformed" into immortal cells which will reproduce indefinitely if the optimal conditions are provided. (wikipedia.org)
Serum3
  • Cell Freezing Medium-DMSO Serum free media, contains 8.7% DMSO in MEM supplemented with methyl cellulose. (abcam.com)
  • A-BME incorporates elements that significantly reduce the need for a serum for cell culture. (purmabiologics.com)
  • Cells were propagated in Earle's minimal essential medium (MEM) (Gibco Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) containing L-glutamine, antimicrobial drugs, and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). (cdc.gov)
Experiments2