Under normoxic conditions, prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) hydroxylate the cite-specific proline residues of HIF-1α in a reaction that uses O 2 as a substrate. (spandidos-publications.com)
The hypoxic response in animals is mediated by hydroxylation of proline residues in the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). (ox.ac.uk)
Embryonic1
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
Homogenates20
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Fucosidase Alpha L1, Tissue (FUCa1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (tuberculosistest.net)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Fucosidase Alpha L1, Tissue (FUCa1) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (tuberculosistest.net)
Description: serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (tuberculosistest.net)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human GA Binding Protein Transcription Factor Alpha (GABPa) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human GA Binding Protein Transcription Factor Alpha (GABPa) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (therabio.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Angiomotin (AMOT) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (myelisakit.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 Alpha (HNF1a) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (wildpalm.net)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Mouse Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 Alpha (HNF1a) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (wildpalm.net)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha (HNF1A) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. (wildpalm.net)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Complement 1q, C1q in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. (2sars.com)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Complement 1q (C1q) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (2sars.com)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Surfactant Associated Protein D (SPD) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, lung lavage fluid, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (2sars.com)
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (scalegen.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of Rat Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (scalegen.com)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. (scalegen.com)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (scalegen.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Patatin Like Phospholipase Domain Containing Protein 2 (PNPLA2) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (resourcerecovery.be)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Patatin Like Phospholipase Domain Containing Protein 2 (PNPLA2) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (resourcerecovery.be)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human High Mobility Group AT Hook Protein 1 (HMGA1) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids. (lipidx.org)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (jemsec.com)
ELISA Kit1
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 Alpha from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (wildpalm.net)
Transcription factor4
In studies during the early 1990's, Gregg Semenza identified, and then in 1995 purified and cloned, a transcription factor that regulates these oxygen-dependent responses. (nobelprize.org)
Through the combined work of these three laureates it was thus demonstrated that the response by gene expression to changes in oxygen is directly coupled to oxygen levels in the animal cell, allowing immediate cellular responses to occur to oxygenation through the action of the HIF transcription factor. (nobelprize.org)
As the early tumor expands, it outgrows the diffusion limits of its local blood supply, leading to hypoxia and stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, HIF. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
Lysates1
Our 96-Well ROCK Activity Assay Kit uses a safe, non-radioactive format to measure the level of active Rho Kinase in cell or tissue lysates. (kits-elisa.com)
Genes2
This compound markedly decreased the hypoxia-induced accumulation of HIF-1α protein dose-dependently, whereas it did not affect the expressions of HIF-1β and topoisomerase-I (topo‑I). Furthermore, celastrol prevented hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1 target genes for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO). (spandidos-publications.com)
Target genes activated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) decrease the dependence of the cell on oxygen, whereas Ras, Myc, and Akt can also upregulate glucose consumption and glycolysis. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Accumulation1
Markedly, we found that suppression of HIF-1α accumulation by celastrol correlated with strong dephosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its effectors, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), pathways known to regulate HIF-1α expression at the translational level. (spandidos-publications.com)
Hypoxic2
Among these transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is one of the most important factors that play a critical role in controlling oxygen delivery and metabolic adaptation to hypoxic conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exposure to a variety of growth factors has also been shown to increase HIF-1 activity in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Induce1
During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
Proteins1
The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
Oxygenation1
In addition, cell proliferation and angiogenesis will be stimulated, enabling better oxygenation of the tissue. (bmj.com)
Peripheral2
Recurrent, unabated ischemia is the underlying cause of tissue loss in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or peripheral vascular disease (PVD). (frontiersin.org)
This step is catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and of its two isoenzymes, TPH1 is active in peripheral tissues (gastrointestinal tract, skin) while TPH2 is active in neuronal cell types. (encyclopedia.pub)
Collagen2
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue, the formation of collagen, and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. (wikipedia.org)
8 h following single oral doses of the compounds was associated with significant losses of radiolabelled proline and 4-hydroxyproline from collagen during this period. (embl.de)
Vascular2
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumours because impaired vascular function results in an inadequate blood supply. (bmj.com)
and vascular endothelial development factor-VEGF) had been monitored utilizing two prototype multiplex array platforms and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in response to the producer's technical specs. (kits-elisa.com)
Cells6
The severity of hypoxia determines whether cells become apoptotic or adapt to hypoxia and survive. (bmj.com)
Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
Mammalian cells have developed a range of adaptations to survive acute and even prolonged hypoxia. (bmj.com)
7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
We found that the splicing factors hnRNPA1/A2, PTBP1/2, and U1-snRNP inhibit ZAPS production and demonstrated the feasibility to modulate the ZAPL/S balance by splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides in human cells. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Macrophages1
The IDO1 isoform is expressed in most tissues at low levels, including in macrophages, placenta, and epididymis, but not in the liver. (encyclopedia.pub)
Cell5
These changes in gene expression alter cell metabolism, tissue re-modeling, and even organismal responses such as increases in heart rate and ventilation. (nobelprize.org)
Celastrol showed a potent inhibitory activity against HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in various human cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
Hypoxia reduces the ability of a cell to maintain its energy level, because less ATP will be obtained from glycolysis than from oxidative phosphorylation. (bmj.com)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
Alpha1
Even though the exact mechanisms underlying ischemic injury in the muscle are not completely understood, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) has emerged as an attractive target to enhance post ischemic angiogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Role2
however, its role in protecting against tissue injury remains unclear. (frontiersin.org)
Although skeletal muscle is the major carnosine depot, the role of the dipeptide in preventing skeletal muscle injury has not been studied, and it is unclear whether carnosine affects ischemic damage or post injury events underlying wound healing and tissue angiogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Addition1
2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)
Activation1
The limiting step for its initiation is activation of two oxidoreductases-indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). (encyclopedia.pub)
Muscle1
TDO is found mainly in the liver, but can also be expressed in bone marrow, the immune system, muscle tissue, the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, and in the brain. (encyclopedia.pub)
Play1
Two major alternatively spliced ZAP isoforms, the constitutively expressed ZAPL and the infection-inducible ZAPS, play overlapping yet different antiviral and other roles that need further characterization. (bvsalud.org)
Repair1
1 Severe hypoxia causes a high mutation rate, resulting in point mutations, which may be explained by reduced DNA mismatch repair activity resulting from decreased MLH1 and PMS2 concentrations, which are caused by hypoxia. (bmj.com)