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Tight JunctionsClaudinsClaudin-1OccludinClaudin-3Zonula Occludens-1 ProteinClaudin-4Tight Junction ProteinsIntercellular JunctionsClaudin-5Membrane ProteinsGap JunctionsZonula Occludens-2 ProteinAdherens JunctionsFreeze FracturingElectric ImpedancePermeabilityEpithelial CellsCell Membrane PermeabilityNeuromuscular JunctionCaco-2 CellsPhosphoproteinsJunctional Adhesion MoleculesMARVEL Domain Containing 2 ProteinBlood-Testis BarrierZonula Occludens ProteinsClaudin-2DogsEpitheliumCadherinsBlood-Brain BarrierCell PolarityCell LineConnexinsIntestinal MucosaMicroscopy, ElectronConnexin 43Sertoli CellsMicroscopy, FluorescenceCells, CulturedCell Adhesion MoleculesCell CommunicationMolecular Sequence DataMicroscopy, ConfocalMannitolEsophagogastric JunctionFluorescent Antibody TechniqueImmunohistochemistryBlood-Retinal BarrierKidneyCell AdhesionNephrocalcinosisDesmosomesHolliday Junction ResolvasesActinsCell MembraneInulinLanthanumRNA, Messengeralpha CateninProtein TransportAmino Acid SequenceEndothelial CellsFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectBlotting, WesternNucleoside-Phosphate KinaseGitelman SyndromeHypercalciuriaMadin Darby Canine Kidney CellsBase SequenceCapillary PermeabilityImmunoblottingSignal TransductionCytoskeletal ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionLoop of HenleGene Expression RegulationDesmoplakinsProtein BindingMyosin-Light-Chain KinasePhosphorylationCalciumMice, Inbred C57BLTransfectionCytoskeletonModels, BiologicalEnterocytesbeta CateninMutationSeminiferous EpitheliumTissue EmbeddingMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionIntestinesMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronMice, KnockoutGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalProtein IsoformsGene Knockdown TechniquesTime FactorsTakifugu
ProteinsOccludinComponents of tight junctionsEndothelial cellsEpithelial tight junPermeabilityIntercellular tight junctionsMRNAFarnesoid X receptAdherens junctionsEpidermal growth fKinaseAntigen receptorBasalCLDN4TransmembraneClaudinsBlood-brain bToll-like recPlasma membraneTissueExpression is significantlyAirwayAntibodyMechanismsMicrobiotaAlterationSignificantly increasedBindNovel RoleSpeciesDemonstrateCellsMarkedlyMicroenvironmentCancers
Proteins23
  • The way the protein work is it destroys the cell membrane structure of animals by binding to claudin family proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The function of the blood‑brain barrier (BBB) depends on the integrity of tight junction (TJ)‑associated proteins. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To understand the association between netrin‑1 and the TJ‑associated proteins, the expression levels of proteins involved in maintaining the integrity of the BBB, including netrin‑1, claudin‑5, occludin and zonula occluden (ZO)‑1, were investigated in the present study using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results demonstrated that the levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of the TJ‑associated proteins, claudin‑5, occludin and ZO‑1, were significantly reduced following TBI. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, the changes in the expression of these three TJ proteins were consistent with the changes in the BBB permeability, indicating that weakening intercellular junctions leads to BBB opening. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Fanning AS, Mitic LL and Anderson JM: Transmembrane proteins in the tight junction barrier. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) induces cytolysis very rapidly through binding to its receptors, the tight junction proteins CLDN 3 and 4. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The inter-endothelial tight junctions that consist of tight junction proteins are critical regulators of BBB dysfunctions and hyperpermeability. (bvsalud.org)
  • The major tight junction-associated proteins of the BBB are occludin, claudins, and junctional adhesion molecules that are intracellularly linked to the adaptor protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). (bvsalud.org)
  • Quantitative measurement of tight junction-associated proteins provides valuable insight into barrier integrity and mechanisms that regulate microvascular hyperpermeability. (bvsalud.org)
  • The vasodilation neuropeptides, the expressions of substance P (SP) and its preferred binding neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) as well as claudin-5 of tight-junction proteins associated with BBB impairment were also assessed by Western blotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Claudins are a family of integral membrane proteins and are components of tight junctions (TJs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, these proteins can also associate with claudin, occludin and F-actin, at tight junction stands, where they provide a linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and the tight junction. (thermofisher.com)
  • It also exacerbated BBB disruption and decreased the expression of tight junction-associated proteins, including ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin-1, whereas the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) had the opposite effects. (researchsquare.com)
  • Hyperglycemia induction worsened the loss of BBB integrity induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) by increasing the release of inflammatory factors and decreasing the expression of tight junction-associated proteins. (researchsquare.com)
  • T lymphocytes derived from the spleen of MAC-infected, but not uninfected, guinea pigs specifically responded to TDM in vitro by up-regulating IL-5 transcription, and this response was not blocked by Abs that reacted to the known guinea pig group 1 CD1 proteins. (pdgfrsignaling.com)
  • Purpose: The levels of tight junction proteins (TJs), especially occludin correlate with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by central nervous system (CNS) inflammation during perioperative period. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells are linked together through the interactions among multiple tight junction proteins including claudins, occludin and ZO-1 [ 5 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The decreased expression of tight junction proteins, especially occludin, correlates with BBB disruption in several situations such as cerebral ischemic injury [ 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • CD45 (LCA, leukocyte common antigen) is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) ubiquitously expressed in all nucleated hematopoietic cells, comprising approximately 10% of all surface proteins in lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • We observed substantial brain pathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected dogs, particularly involving blood-brain barrier damage resembling small vessel disease, including changes in tight junction proteins, reduced laminin levels, and decreased pericyte coverage. (cdc.gov)
  • The plasma membrane is not only the first point of encounter for many types of environmental stress, but given the diversity of receptor proteins and their associated molecules also represents the site at which many cellular signal cascades originate. (cell-stress.com)
  • The plasma membrane can be envisioned as a central compartment in the cellular adaptation to diverse stress conditions as it shapes the interactions between cells and their environment by harboring an elaborate complement of transmembrane proteins, e.g. transporters, channels, receptors, or adhesion proteins. (cell-stress.com)
Occludin7
  • The present study also demonstrated that netrin‑1 significantly increased the downregulation of claudin‑5, occludin and ZO‑1 expression levels induced by TBI, which provided a basis for further investigation on the role of netrin‑1 in the integrity of TJs and proper functioning of the BBB. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Hirase T, Staddon JM, Saitou M, et al: Occludin as a possible determinant of tight junction permeability in endothelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Haskins J, Gu L, Wittchen ES, Hibbard J and Stevenson BR: ZO-3, a novel member of the MAGUK protein family found at the tight junction, interacts with ZO-1 and occludin. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • [6] . Others have shown a similar change in paracellular permeability regulated by AQP5 in salivary glands, however in that system it was associated with alterations in claudin-7, claudin-3, and occludin [5] . (plos.org)
  • Altered virome signature in GWI mice also had a concomitant weakening of intestinal epithelial tight junctions with a significant increase in Claudin-2 protein expression and decrease in ZO1 and Occludin mRNA expression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • as well as the tight junction protein claudin-1 and occludin. (biotech2012.org)
  • A study revealed that truncation of occludin decreases transendothelial electrical resistance, suggesting a key role of occludin in the barrier function of the tight junction [ 8 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Components of tight junctions1
Endothelial cells6
  • Herein, we have described the protocol for immunoblot analysis of ZO-1 as an indicator of tight junction integrity in brain microvascular endothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tight junctions (TJs) are present between the cerebral endothelial cells and serve the function of limiting the paracellular flux of molecules across the BBB. (hindawi.com)
  • Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a multicellular structure and mainly consists of microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, intercellular tight junctions and basal lamina [ 1 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • It has been reported that the BBB protects CNS from harmful molecules and pathogens in the blood, and the effects are based on the structure of tight junctions between cerebral microvascular endothelial cells [ 6 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Western Blot: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Primary mouse lung endothelial cells treated with or without control IgG was blotted with the anti-TJP-2 antibody. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining in primary mouse lung endothelial cells. (novusbio.com)
Epithelial tight jun1
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
Permeability5
  • This triggered an increase in paracellular permeability via cellular redistribution of claudin 3 (CLDN3) from TJs into cell nuclei followed by disruption of epithelial integrity and formation of epithelial lesions. (springer.com)
  • Dynamic changes in airway epithelial paracellular permeability allow for receptor-ligand access across the airway epithelium, and thereby regulate cell signaling [11] . (plos.org)
  • The epithelial permeability was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, and inflammation- and tight junction (TJ)-related protein expression were analyzed by Western blotting. (bvsalud.org)
  • Penetration of the antibody targeting the human transferrin receptor (MEM-189) was markedly higher than penetration of the control antibody (apparent permeability of 2.9 × 10 −5 versus 1.6 × 10 −5 cm/min, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is reason to believe that the permeability of the BBB and BSCB differs with evidence suggesting that the BSCB is more permeable [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Intercellular tight junctions1
MRNA3
  • whereas markedly elevated SP protein and NK-1R mRNA expressions concomitant with enhanced claudin-5 expression seemed to be associated with persistent BBB impairment in this experimental CT model. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height, deeper crypt depth, and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased mRNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum, whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes, concentrations of IL-1β in the plasma and TNF-α in the ileal mucosa, as well as increased the mRNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surprisingly, this glycolipid-specific skin response involved up-regulated expression of IL-5 mRNA in situ and marked local infiltration of eosinophils. (pdgfrsignaling.com)
Farnesoid X recept1
  • Pentacyclic triterpenes modulate farnesoid X receptor expression in colonic epithelial cells: Implications for colonic secretory function. (ucdavis.edu)
Adherens junctions1
Epidermal growth f1
  • Besides estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, novel biomarkers have shown their prognostic and predictive values, complicating our understanding towards to the heterogeneity of such cancers. (jcancer.org)
Kinase2
  • TGF-β1 acts predominantly through phosphorylation of the C-terminal MH2 domains of SMAD2 and SMAD3 via activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), of which activity is located at the C-terminal part of TGFBR1. (springer.com)
  • Anderson J, Fanning A, Lapierre L and Van Itallie CM: Zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and ZO-2: membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologues (MAGuKs) of the tight junction. (spandidos-publications.com)
Antigen receptor2
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
  • CD45 has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling and suppresses JAK kinases to regulate cytokine receptor signaling. (thermofisher.com)
Basal2
  • Similarly, adherence junctions (AJs) are more basal than TJs and are defined by their cytoplasmic face being linked to the actin cytoskeleton [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, basal expression levels of tight junction protein-1 encoding ZO1 were lower in R91W;Nrl −/− than in wt retinas. (nature.com)
CLDN42
  • Immobilized Human CLDN4 at 5 μg/ml can bind Anti-CLDN4 recombinant antibody (CSB-RA005506MA1HU), the EC 50 is 29.56-50.75 ng/mL. (cusabio.cn)
  • The tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-4 (CLDN4) is overexpressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and correlates with cancer progression. (mdpi.com)
Transmembrane1
  • Cell membranes are highly enriched in signaling receptors, transmembrane mechanosensors, pumps and channels, and, depending on their makeup, can recruit and retain a pool of mechanosensors important in the field of mechanobiology. (mechanobio.info)
Claudins1
  • Claudins play a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (cusabio.cn)
Blood-brain b1
Toll-like rec2
  • Hyperglycemia also further increased the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which significantly increased after OGD. (researchsquare.com)
  • The altered virome signature in GWI, decreased tight junction protein level was followed by the presence an activation of innate immune responses such as increased Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
Plasma membrane2
  • These results are mediated from the binding of ouabain to its receptor, Na,K-ATPase (NKA), a plasma membrane protein complicated also mixed up in energetic exchange of Na+ and K+ over the cell surface area [30]. (biotech2012.org)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human cell line U-2 OS shows positivity in plasma membrane, cytoplasm and cell junctions. (novusbio.com)
Tissue2
  • TGF-β1 is a major mediator of airway tissue remodelling during atopic asthma and affects tight junctions (TJs) of airway epithelia. (springer.com)
  • Claudin-2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, containing EAC, high grade dysplasia (HGD), low grade dysplasia (LGD), Barrett's esophagus (BE), columnar cell metaplasia (CM), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and squamous epithelium (SE) cases. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression is significantly1
  • We conclude that Claudin-2 expression is significantly associated with bile acid receptors VDR and TGR5 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Airway2
  • Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. (plos.org)
  • Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in several sites in mammals, including corneal and pancreatic epithelium, secretory cells in salivary and lacrimal glands, and airway submucosal glands, bronchial epithelium and type I pneumocytes of the respiratory tract. (plos.org)
Antibody9
  • To test antibody transcytosis, the lumen of the model's endothelial vessel was perfused with an anti-transferrin receptor antibody or with a control antibody. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In RMT, a ligand (or antibody) binds a receptor on the luminal surface of a brain endothelial cell, after which it undergoes internalization via endocytosis and is trafficked to the abluminal side, where it can be released and gain access to the brain parenchyma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Classical " CARs consist of an extracellular binding domain mostly derived from a monoclonal antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment-scFv), which is linked to intracellular binding domains of the T-cell receptor complex. (nature.com)
  • Western Blot: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Analysis in human cell lines A-431 and SK-MEL-30 using anti-TJP2 antibody. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Green: CD31 Red: Tight Junction Protein 2 Blue: Nuclei. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human pancreas shows weak cytoplasmic psotivity in exocrine glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human testis shows strong membranous and cytoplasmic positivity in cells in seminiferous ducts. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human colon shows moderate cytoplasmic and membranous positivity in glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunoprecipitation: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - HEK293 cells were lysed and immunoprecipitated wtih anti-TJP2 ab (NBP1-86850) and Protein A/G PLUS-Agarose. (novusbio.com)
Mechanisms1
  • The main reason that persistent hyperglycemia leads to a poor prognosis may be because of a series of pathological changes, and rupture of the BBB is an important pathogenic mechanisms [ 5 ] . (researchsquare.com)
Microbiota1
  • Dysregulation or imbalance of the neonatal gut microbiota may lead to higher risk of diseases and long-term negative effects on host health [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Alteration1
  • The co-exposure of Gulf War chemical and antibiotic (for gut sterility) or GulfWar chemical and Ribavirin, an antiviral compound to suppress virus alteration in the gut showed significant improvement in epithelial tight junction protein, decreased intestinal-, systemic-, and neuroinflammation. (elsevierpure.com)
Significantly increased1
  • In contrast, TC significantly increased the protein levels of the TJ-related protein, claudin-5. (bvsalud.org)
Bind1
  • ACE2 in dogs can bind to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, implying the possibility of cross-species transmission between humans and dogs ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Novel Role1
  • Our studies identify a novel role of a tight junction protein in the development and progression of esophageal mucosal metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Species2
  • Furuse M, Sasaki H and Tsukita S: Manner of interaction of heterogeneous claudin species within and between tight junction strands. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • however, animals of various species have also been infected, partially because their angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is very similar to that of humans. (cdc.gov)
Demonstrate2
  • We demonstrate that TGF-β1 activates TGF-β1 receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 resulting in ALK5-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD2. (springer.com)
  • Wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs can induce formation of neutralizing antibodies, and low viral titers in dogs demonstrate seroconversion ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Cells6
  • It has a molecular weight of 35.3 kDa, and is responsible for the disintegration of tight junctions between epithelial cells in the gut. (wikipedia.org)
  • CPE is the major virulence factor of this bacterium and acts on the claudin-receptor containing tight junctions between epithelial cells resulting in various gastrointestinal diseases. (hal.science)
  • Claudin-2 forms gated paracellular channels and allows sodium ions and other small positively charged ions to cross between adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
  • We show that, while the axon guidance molecule Netrin-1 promotes nerve invasion by blood vessels via the endothelial receptor UNC5B during embryogenesis, myelinated Schwann cells negatively control intra-nervous vascularization during post-natal period. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thanks to the expression of specific receptors, tip cells can sense the microenvironment, and respond to guidance cues to lead the angiogenic sprout. (elifesciences.org)
Markedly1
  • It is a very costly disease and both medical and surgical NEC markedly increase the costs of hospitalization [ 5 ]. (karger.com)
Microenvironment1
  • The BSCB acts as a functional equivalent of the BBB by maintaining the microenvironment for the cellular constituents of the spinal cord [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cancers1
  • Sustaining proliferative signaling' further differentiates cancers with positive hormone receptors. (jcancer.org)