• Transporters on the plasma membrane of tumor cells are promising molecular "Trojan horses" to deliver drugs and imaging agents into cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • mIBG enters cancer cells through the norepinephrine transporter (NET) where the radioactive decay of 131 I causes DNA damage, cell death, and tumor necrosis. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Hence, a major goal in cancer drug development and therapy is to increase tumor-specific drug uptake while reducing uptake into normal tissues to minimize toxicities. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Pancreatic endocrine tumor, also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET), describes a group of endocrine tumors originating in the pancreas that are usually indolent and benign, but may have the potential to be malignant. (findzebra.com)
  • Among the features that suggest a malignant course are large tumor size and an abnormal DNA ploidy pattern (aneuploidy, tetraploidy). (medscape.com)
  • The tumor is malignant in 10% of cases but may be cured completely by surgical removal. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 and 2-K (hMATE1/2-K) likely mediate renal secretion of mIBG, whereas hOCT1 and hOCT3 may contribute to mIBG uptake into normal tissues such as the liver, salivary glands, and heart. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Tumors of the parapharyngeal space (PPS), a potential space lateral to the upper pharynx, are uncommon, making up less than 1% of all head and neck neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Both benign and malignant tumors may arise from any of the structures contained in this space. (medscape.com)
  • Of PPS tumors, 70-80% are benign, and 20-30% are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • Other means of assessing PPS tumors include the balloon occlusion test, nuclear scanning, and a metastatic workup. (medscape.com)
  • 1] Condition such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. (findzebra.com)
  • Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the stability, safety, and efficacy of alpha-targeted therapy with [225Ac]Ac-DOTATATE in patients with grade 1/2 metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). (bvsalud.org)
  • When such tumors arise outside of the adrenal gland, they are termed extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, or paragangliomas. (medscape.com)
  • These different genes produce pheochromocytomas with different ages of onset, secretory profiles, locations, and potential for malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • About 85% of pheochromocytomas are located within the adrenal glands, and 98% are within the abdomen. (medscape.com)
  • Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas develop in the paraganglion chromaffin tissue of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • Common locations for extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas include the organ of Zuckerkandl (close to the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery), bladder wall, heart, mediastinum, and carotid and glomus jugulare bodies. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 10% of pheochromocytomas and 35% of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • However, specific histologic features help to differentiate adrenal pheochromocytomas with a potential for biologically aggressive behavior from those that behave in a benign fashion. (medscape.com)
  • A group of disorders having a benign course but exhibiting clinical and histological features suggestive of malignant lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • Pseudolymphoma is characterized by a benign infiltration of lymphoid cells or histiocytes which microscopically resembles a malignant lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • Curiously this decodes to "an abnormality is present, but it could either be a benign (non-cancerous) growth or a malignant cancerous growth of the follicular cells. (ronnyallan.net)
  • Sure, you should get it checked out when this happens, but while you will only hear about the outliers on social media, statistically, the vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign. (ronnyallan.net)
  • More than 95% of all thyroid nodules are benign (non-cancerous growths). (ronnyallan.net)
  • Purely cystic thyroid nodules (thyroid cysts) are almost always benign. (ronnyallan.net)
  • Objectives: This study aims to investigate the clinical and pathological features of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated at our tertiary care institution. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (lookformedical.com)
  • Results: Patients had 73% (n=8) lymph node metastases, 91% (n=10) liver metastases, 36% (n=4) lung metastases, and 73% (n=8) bone metastases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Approximately 20% of all salivary lesions in the PPS are malignant, with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma being the most frequently reported. (medscape.com)
  • Transporter-mediated uptake has been exploited successfully in nuclear medicine to deliver several radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and treatment ( Zhang and Wang, 2020 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Data set for reporting of carcinoma of the adrenal cortex: explanations and recommendations of the guidelines from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. (ukw.de)
  • and there is a type of thyroid tumour related to Neuroendocrine Neoplasms - Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) including a familial variant - and not forgetting the parathyroid which is common in familial cases of MEN , and NETs have a habit of metastasizing to strange places. (ronnyallan.net)
  • Methods: This retrospective cohort included patients (n=11) with metastatic NETs from different primary sites (bronchial, pancreatic, nonpancreatic gastroenteropancreatic NETs, paraganglioma, and unknown primary site) treated with [225Ac]Ac-DOTATATE with a mean activity of 8.2±0.6 MBq (range: 7.5-10.0 MBq) at our institution between November 2019 and March 2022. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 10 ] The prevalence of neoplasms that arise within the deep lobe of the parotid gland is identical to that of those that arise in the superficial lobe. (medscape.com)
  • A p heochromocytoma is another, rarer type of NET that usually develops in the adrenal gland , but can also arise in other parts of the body. (findzebra.com)
  • For patients with advanced-stage metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who do not respond to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy, there are limited treatment options. (bvsalud.org)
  • The clinical use of mIBG as a radiopharmaceutical in cancer diagnosis and treatment can be further improved by taking a holistic approach considering mIBG transporters in both cancer and normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The diagnosis was papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in 90.6% (n=29). (bvsalud.org)
  • This mini-review focuses on the clinical applications of mIBG in neuroendocrine cancers and the differential roles of NET, OCT, and MATE transporters in mIBG disposition, response and toxicity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Treatment-related toxicity is frequently a dose-limiting factor and represents a major challenge in clinical management of cancer. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Conclusion: PTC was the most common type of DTC and presented with considerable rates of lymph node and pulmonary metastases. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is made up of two lobes - the right lobe and the left lobe, each about the size of a plum cut in half - and these two lobes are joined by a small bridge of thyroid tissue called the isthmus. (ronnyallan.net)
  • A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Award winning Neuroendocrine Cancer Patient Advocate. (ronnyallan.net)
  • The thyroid gland does in fact get mentioned frequently in NET patient discussions but many of the conversations I monitored didn't seem to fit my scenario - cue relentless study! (ronnyallan.net)
  • In 2013, just when I thought everything seemed to be under control, I was told I had a 'lesion' on the left upper lobe of my thyroid. (ronnyallan.net)
  • Further, cancer treatment often involves radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which not only kills cancer cells but also affects healthy cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing mIBG transport in cancer and normal cells is a critical step for developing strategies to optimize the efficacy of 131 I-mIBG while minimizing toxicity in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • For instance, the use of 131 I radiotherapy to treat thyroid cancer is highly dependent on the selective expression of the sodium/iodine symporter on these cells ( Kogai and Brent, 2012 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • I'll finish off with an update on where I am with my thyroid issue. (ronnyallan.net)