• Rapid HPLC screening of jasmonate-induced increases in tobacco alkaloids, phenolics, and diterpene glycosides in Nicotiana attenuata. (mpg.de)
  • Perhaps there was a predator for which muscarine, psilocybin , mescaline , or other natural psychedelic alkaloids were well-equipped to defend. (tripsitter.com)
  • For some insects and animals, the alkaloids we enjoy from plants and fungi may have the potential to kill. (tripsitter.com)
  • A mechanism of benzoic acid biosynthesis in plants and bacteria that mirrors fatty acid beta-oxidation. (mpg.de)
  • Iridoid biosynthesis in staphylinid rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Philonthinae). (mpg.de)
  • Cellulose degradation in Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): functional characterization of two CAZymes belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 45 reveals a novel enzymatic activity. (mpg.de)
  • Predatory behavior and chemical communication in two Metapone species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). (mpg.de)
  • Characterization of a Delta(8)-sphingolipid desaturase from higher plants: A stereochemical and mechanistic study on the origin of E,Z isomers. (mpg.de)
  • Evolution and functional characterization of CAZymes belonging to subfamily 10 of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5_10) in two species of phytophagous beetles. (mpg.de)
  • Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies reveal a complex interplay between pollinator attraction and plant defense mediated by linalool and its derivatives. (gerli.com)
  • One pathway is not enough: The cabbage stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala uses multiple strategies to overcome the glucosinolate-myrosinase defense in its host plants. (mpg.de)
  • This implies the mushroom found these compounds advantageous and worthy of transfer to other species. (tripsitter.com)
  • Iridoids are a class of bicyclic monoterpenes found in a wide variety of plants and in some animals. (gerli.com)
  • Plantago lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides, most often bound to glucose. (gerli.com)
  • Iridoids are found in many medicinal plants and may be responsible for the some of their pharmaceutical activities. (gerli.com)
  • One of the adaptations researchers have long found puzzling was the development of drugs in plants and fungi. (tripsitter.com)
  • Species such as Junonia coenia, Spilosoma congrua, and Melitaea cinxia lay their eggs on P. lanceolata plants so they can serve as a food source for the larvae when they hatch. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness. (wikipedia.org)
  • The base or basal species in a food web are those species without prey and can include autotrophs or saprophytic detritivores (i.e., the community of decomposers in soil, biofilms, and periphyton). (wikipedia.org)
  • These trophic levels are not binary, but form a gradient that includes complete autotrophs, which obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants), which are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plantago lanceolata is host to many different species of the order Lepidoptera. (wikipedia.org)
  • Untargeted metabolomics approach reveals differences in host plant chemistry before and after infestation with different pea aphid host races. (mpg.de)
  • One of the clearest examples of a plant evolving an intoxicating chemical as a form of pest control is cannabis. (tripsitter.com)
  • They likely serve a similar purpose for the cannabis plant. (tripsitter.com)
  • That approach may be a solution to the protection of cultivated plants against insect attacks. (gerli.com)
  • The iridoid glycosides in the plant leaves accumulate in the caterpillars and make them unpalatable to predators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tiger moth caterpillars are bristly (woolly bears are tiger moths, too), and in some species, the hairs cause skin irritation. (uwm.edu)
  • Agreeable tiger moth caterpillars eat a variety of herbaceous plants including dandelion and plantain, which are everywhere, and pigweed (Amaranthus sp. (uwm.edu)
  • These iridoid glycosides make the plant inedible to some herbivores, but others are unperturbed by them-for example, the buckeye butterfly Junonia coenia, whose larvae eat the leaves of P. lanceolata and ingest the iridoid glycosides to make themselves unpalatable to predators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Species such as Junonia coenia, Spilosoma congrua, and Melitaea cinxia lay their eggs on P. lanceolata plants so they can serve as a food source for the larvae when they hatch. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plantago lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iridoids are one of the most important natural compounds that are widely distributed in various plant families such as Plantaginaceae, Rubiaceae, and Scrophulariaceae [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plantago lanceolata is host to many different species of the order Lepidoptera. (wikipedia.org)
  • These trophic levels are not binary, but form a gradient that includes complete autotrophs, which obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants), which are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness. (wikipedia.org)
  • The base or basal species in a food web are those species without prey and can include autotrophs or saprophytic detritivores (i.e., the community of decomposers in soil, biofilms, and periphyton). (wikipedia.org)
  • Insects that eat toxic plants either develop ways to rid their bodies of the poisons quickly, or they develop a way to sequester them in their body. (uwm.edu)
  • Species with similar ecological niches must segregate along one or more niche axes in order to coexist. (mdpi.com)
  • Agreeable tiger moths sequester chemicals called iridoid glycosides, which make them bitter and distasteful (but probably not lethal) to potential predators. (uwm.edu)
  • It is present and widespread in the Americas and Australia as an introduced species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most Syringa plants are deciduous shrubs and arbors and include more than 40 species distributed around Europe and Asia [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)