Thrombosis venous pressure. Medical search. Frequent questions

Long-term hemodialysis typically necessitates vascular access in the upper extremity, either through an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or an arteriovenous graft (AVG). Central venous catheters can also provide vascular access for patients undergoing hemodialysis, but these devices are associated with a substantial risk of infection, which increases morbidity and mortality. (e-ultrasonography.org)
AVFs are the preferred method for hemodialysis vascular access, compared to AVGs and central venous catheters. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Deep vein thrombosis associated with central venous catheters - a review. (vumc.org)

We used plethysmography to measure the CFR in both legs of 17 subjects, 6 with chronic venous insufficiency and 11 healthy subjects. (eur.nl)
Common long-term complications include venous insufficiency with or without the postphlebitic syndrome. (merckmanuals.com)
Venous disorder or venous insufficiency can lead to varicose veins. (sigvaris.com)
She was previously diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency through assessment of medical history, leg, ulcer, symptoms & ankle brachial pulse index (ABPI) measurement. (nmmra.org)
This slideshow will focus primarily on venous insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Although few studies document the natural history of varicose veins (shown) , superficial venous insufficiency is considered to be progressive over time, typically beginning as reticular veins or corona phlebectatica ("corona"), developing into isolated calf varicosities and, eventually, resulting in a tortuous and distended great saphenous vein. (medscape.com)
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is when the veins and valves in the legs do not work as they should. (lahey.org)
When caused by chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), secondary lymphedema is termed phlebo-lymphostatic edema or phlebolymphedema . (woundcareadvisor.com)
This is called venous insufficiency . (medlineplus.gov)
This is an early sign of venous insufficiency. (medlineplus.gov)

Since hydrostatic pressure in the systemic capillaries that supply the parietal pleura is a 30 cm of water and hydrostatic pressure of the pulmonary capillaries that supply the visceral pleura is approximately 11 cm of water, one theory suggests pleural fluid is formed by the parietal pleura and absorbed by the visceral pleura under physiologic conditions. (dvm360.com)
The goals of pharmacotherapy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) are to reduce morbidity, to prevent the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), and to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE), all with minimal adverse effects and cost. (medscape.com)
Thrombolytic therapy offers significant advantages over conventional anticoagulant therapy, including the prompt resolution of symptoms, the prevention of pulmonary embolism, the restoration of normal venous circulation, the preservation of venous valvular function, and the prevention of postthrombotic syndrome. (medscape.com)
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study reported increased risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, invasive breast cancer, pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis in postmenopausal women (50 to 79 years of age) during 5 years of treatment with oral conjugated estrogens (CE 0.625 mg) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA 2.5 mg) relative to placebo. (theodora.com)
Active or past history of confirmed venous thromboembolism (such as deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) or active thrombophlebitis. (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
HPE="Does patient now have: History of pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or venous thromboembolism (VTE)" HIV="Does patient now have HIV infection/AIDS? (cdc.gov)
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism (DVT/PE) are often underdiagnosed and serious, but preventable medical conditions. (cdc.gov)
APS can lead to many health problems, such as stroke, heart attack, kidney damage, deep vein thrombosis (throm-BO-sis), and pulmonary embolism (PULL-mun-ary EM-bo-lizm). (cdc.gov)

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common medical condition that affects 2-64% of the worldwide population and leads to leg ulcers in 1% of the Western population. (eur.nl)
In conclusion, compression ulcer stockings are highly effective in reducing the CFR and thus reducing edema formation, which leads to improved healing of venous ulcers. (eur.nl)
Venous leg ulcers are unhealed sores or open wounds on the legs. (sigvaris.com)
This essay will examine the nursing process involved in managing chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLU). (nmmra.org)
They advise that different ulcers such as diabetic, traumatic & arterial ulcers can occur however Brown (2011) states around 80% of ulcers are venous. (nmmra.org)
An estimated 7 million people in the United States have venous disease, which can cause leg edema and ulcers. (woundcareadvisor.com)
Compression therapy is the standard of care for CVI, venous ulcerations, and lymphedema-related ulcers. (woundcareadvisor.com)
Venous ulcers (open sores) can occur when the veins in your legs do not push blood back up to your heart as well as they should. (medlineplus.gov)
Most venous ulcers occur on the leg, above the ankle. (medlineplus.gov)
The cause of venous ulcers is high pressure in the veins of the lower leg. (medlineplus.gov)
If you are at risk for venous ulcers, take the steps listed above under Wound Care. (medlineplus.gov)
Lifestyle changes can help prevent venous ulcers. (medlineplus.gov)

Cerebral venous thrombosis often presents with hemorrhagic infarction in areas atypical for arterial vascular distribution. (medscape.com)
Stroke is caused not only by arterial thrombosis but also by cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
The purpose of this study was to review the pathophysiology mechanisms and clinical features of arterial and venous thrombosis and to provide guidance for further research on the pathophysiological mechanism, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology, epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment heterogeneity of venous thrombosis and compares it with arterial stroke. (frontiersin.org)
To date, there are more extensive and comprehensive studies on arterial thrombosis, with few clinical and basic studies on venous thrombosis, which greatly limits our understanding of venous thrombosis and the development of related drugs. (frontiersin.org)
Ischemic hypoxia is caused by an impaired arterial blood supply, whereas congestive hypoxia results from an impaired venous return. (frontiersin.org)
The molecular pathological hallmarks of arterial stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
After reversing the arterial and venous lines, ice-cold saline is quickly injected via the arterial port. (medscape.com)
Ultrasonography (US) is a valuable tool for preoperative evaluation of the arterial and venous vasculature in the upper extremity [ 1 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
An elevated arterial or free venous serum ammonia level is the classic laboratory abnormality reported in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. (medscape.com)

Abstract The increase of the blood velocity in the distal side of the stenosis causes negative transmural pressure, and atheroscrerotic plaque is compressed, furthermore, the stenosis may cause the collpase which leads the rupture of the plaque. (techscience.com)
Mechanism by which transverse sinus stenosis leads to increase intracranial pressure. (bmj.com)
Background and Purpose: Cerebral Venous Sinus Stenosis (CVSS) usually results in severe Intracranial Hypertension (IH), which can be corrected by stenting immediately. (benthamscience.com)
The comparative analysis of non-thrombotic internal jugular vein stenosis and cerebral venous sinus stenosis. (benthamscience.com)
Efficacy of stenting in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis-related cerebral venous sinus stenosis. (benthamscience.com)
Stenosis is a major risk factor for thrombosis. (medscape.com)
Monthly screening is required with the hope of finding a stenosis and intervening before eventual thrombosis develops. (medscape.com)
The basic premise is that when a stenosis is present, you will notice an increase in intragraft pressure and a decrease in access blood flow . (medscape.com)
Background Forearm loop arteriovenous grafts most commonly fail because of stenosis, with thrombosis at the venous anastomosis. (ochsnerjournal.org)

[ 8 ] Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and Ad26.COV2.S is a rare complication that occurs mainly in individuals younger than 60 years and more frequently in women, manifesting 4-24 days after vaccination. (medscape.com)
CT scan demonstrates a subtle right transverse sinus thrombosis with high attenuation (arrows). (medscape.com)
Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but important complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
SIH is rarely known to cause cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
However, many questions remain regarding the efficacy of acetazolamide, CSF shunting procedures and cerebral transverse venous sinus stenting. (bmj.com)
2 However, patients who develop a syndrome of raised ICP triggered by certain medications or who are found to have cerebral transverse venous sinus stenoses (not thrombosis) are still conventionally classified as having 'IIH' ( figure 1 ). (bmj.com)
Intracranial venous sinus stenting for benign intracranial hypertension: Clinical indications, technique, and preliminary results. (benthamscience.com)

The veins may fail to clear blood from the tissues because of valve dysfunction ( varicose veins ) and obstruction from deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or thrombophlebitis . (dermnetnz.org)

Spider veins are early symptoms of venous disorder. (sigvaris.com)
DVT (deep vein thrombosis) is a serious condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in the deep veins of the lower leg, blocking blood flow. (sigvaris.com)
In more than 50% of the general population, superficial venous disease appears in the form of "spider" or reticular veins, but in approximately 20%-25% of the population, the disease can progress to visible varicosities at its extremes, such as ulceration or skin changes. (medscape.com)
Proper care and attention to these veins is essential for maintaining good health and preventing problems such as vein damage or thrombosis. (vumc.org)
Median vein of the forearm The median vein of the forearm begins from the palmar venous network and ends in any one of the veins in front of the elbow, mostly in the median cubital vein. (vumc.org)
All these veins may play an important role in supplying collateral flow in the presence of subclavian and axillary vein thrombosis. (vumc.org)
The superficial veins connect via a network of interlacing branches to eventually form the dorsal venous network on the back of the hand. (vumc.org)
Palmar metacarpal veins extend along either side of the Dorsal metacarpal veins, as previously mentioned, are formed by the union of the dorsal digital veins and receive venous blood from the fingers. (vumc.org)
Blood backs up in the veins, building up pressure. (medlineplus.gov)
This leads to high pressure in the lower leg veins. (medlineplus.gov)
To help treat a venous ulcer, the high pressure in the leg veins needs to be relieved. (medlineplus.gov)

These include the cause of racial disparities in the incidence of DVT, the use of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter for the treatment of patients with DVT in whom anticoagulation is contraindicated, and the effectiveness of intermediate doses of low-molecular-weight heparin versus placebo in reducing venous thromboembolism in SVT patients. (iwoundsnews.com)

Annually 6% of the total healthcare costs are spent on the treatment of venous diseases. (eur.nl)

CVD results from ambulatory venous hypertension and is the consequence of valvular incompetence, venous outflow obstruction, or a combination of both, and may be divided in primary CVD and secondary CVD. (eur.nl)
The conclusion of AVP measurement may be: normal (no venous hypertension), intermediate ambulatory venous hypertension or severe venous hypertension. (eur.nl)
Here, we present a protocol for measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG),the gold standard to diagnose clinically significant portal hypertension. (jove.com)
Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard to estimate portal venous pressure in patient with cirrhosis, i.e. assessing the severity of sinusoidal portal hypertension 4 . (jove.com)
An HVPG of ≥6 mm Hg to 9 mm Hg indicates elevated portal pressure ('subclinical portal hypertension'), while an HVPG ≥10 mm Hg defines CSPH. (jove.com)
in the absence of focal symptoms and with clinically predominant intracranial hypertension syndrome accompanied by papilledema, the diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension) can be established only after careful exclusion of venous thrombosis! (stroke-manual.com)
Cushing reflex includes systolic hypertension with increased pulse pressure, irregular respirations, and bradycardia. (msdmanuals.com)
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a disease of unknown aetiology, typically affecting young obese women, producing a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without identifiable cause. (bmj.com)
Vitamin A metabolism, adipose tissue as an actively secreting endocrine tissue and cerebral venous abnormalities are areas of active study regarding the pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. (bmj.com)
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome characterised by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown cause ( box 1 ). (bmj.com)
Therefore, although imperfect, the term 'IIH' is currently the preferred designation for this disorder in the English literature, to the exclusion of 'pseudotumour cerebri' (often including patients with other causes of raised ICP such as cerebral venous thrombosis) and 'benign intracranial hypertension' (erroneously reassuring considering that a number of IIH patients irreversibly lose vision). (bmj.com)
Although common in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), these radiological findings are not specific to IIH and are also found in patients with other causes of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). (bmj.com)
When these valves become incompetent, retrograde flow of blood predominates and leads to venous hypertension, resulting in the changes seen with superficial venous disease. (medscape.com)
A 79-year-old man with a history of end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, secondary to hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was referred for a fistulogram because of suspected graft thrombosis. (ochsnerjournal.org)
Incompetent valves in the superficial or deep venous system and an altered calf muscle pump contribute to venous hypertension. (woundcareadvisor.com)

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen-alone substudy reported increased risks of stroke and deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) in postmenopausal women (50 to 79 years of age) during 7.1 years of treatment with daily oral conjugated estrogens (CE) [0.625 mg]-alone, relative to placebo. (medicinenet.com)
Main outcomes included all cause mortality, morbidity (number of people with complications such as pressure sores, deep venous thrombosis, and respiratory and urinary infections), and functional status (eg, cognitive functioning, mobility, and ability to perform activities of daily living). (bmj.com)
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is clotting of blood in a deep vein of an extremity (usually calf or thigh) or the pelvis. (merckmanuals.com)
Deep venous thrombosis usually begins in venous valve cusps. (merckmanuals.com)
Percutaneous transcatheter treatment of patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) consists of thrombus removal with catheter-directed thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, angioplasty, and/or stenting of venous obstructions. (medscape.com)
For more information, see Deep Venous Thrombosis . (medscape.com)
The venous supply to the leg is via a deep and superficial low-pressure system. (medscape.com)
The guidelines document "addresses acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities […], upper extremity DVT, superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), and thrombosis in unusual sites," the Guidelines Writing Committee relay. (iwoundsnews.com)
In addition, candidates should not smoke or have a history of deep venous thrombosis. (liposuction.com)
Once acute causes (such as acute cellulitis, deep vein thrombosis, or heart failure) are ruled out, a treatment plan can be initiated. (woundcareadvisor.com)
Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis. (vumc.org)

Direct compression of adrenal glands and acute intravenous pressure rise due to compression of the inferior vena cava are the two proposed mechanisms of traumatic adrenal gland injury. (wikipedia.org)
Acute stress includes stress resulting from overwhelming sepsis, pregnancy, hypotension, and administration of ACTH, which gradually increases blood flow to the adrenal gland and glucocorticoid secretion, and leads to haemorrhage because of the higher pressure within the adrenal glands. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, heparin could lead to adrenal hemorrhage by potentiating the bleeding risk in patients with acute illness or inducing thrombocytopenia that causes thrombosis of the central adrenal vein. (wikipedia.org)
Much less commonly, acute DVT leads to phlegmasia alba dolens or phlegmasia cerulea dolens, both of which, unless promptly diagnosed and treated, can result in venous gangrene. (merckmanuals.com)

Patients with APS are prone to recurring adrenal vein thrombosis that might cause hemorrhagic infarction of the adrenal gland, making it a major risk factor of adrenal hemorrhage. (wikipedia.org)
Thrombosis also form in cerebral venous, which is termed as cerebral venous thrombosis(CVT), a particular type of cerebrovascular disease, characterized by intracerebral hemorrhage and infarction, associated with increased intracranial pressure due to cerebrospinal fluid absorption and cerebral venous drainage, accounting for 0.5-1% of strokes ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)

or occur during strenuous arm activity (effort thrombosis, or Paget-Schroetter syndrome, which accounts for 1 to 4% of upper extremity DVT cases). (merckmanuals.com)

Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showed that the main cerebral venous sinuses were patent [ Figure 1h ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Here we provide a detailed protocol describing the clinical procedure of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement in patients with advanced chronic liver disease followed by an instruction for transjugular biopsy. (jove.com)
They should be in good health with no uncontrolled medical conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes or other similar chronic conditions. (liposuction.com)

Treatment begins with identification of the stenotic lesion causing thrombosis, followed by either a percutaneous method using thrombolytic agents with possible balloon angioplasty and mechanical evacuation or surgical thrombectomy. (ochsnerjournal.org)
The treatment for access site thrombosis includes clot management using pharmacologic and/or mechanical evacuation techniques and stenotic lesion management using balloon angioplasty or surgical revision. (ochsnerjournal.org)

Do they predict graft thrombosis? (medscape.com)
Case Report We present a case of thrombosis in a forearm loop graft with successful percutaneous thrombectomy. (ochsnerjournal.org)
1 , 2 We report the case of a patient who presented with thrombosis of a forearm loop arteriovenous graft and underwent successful percutaneous thrombectomy. (ochsnerjournal.org)
The arteriovenous graft was opened with intragraft administration of tissue plasminogen activator, venous angioplasty, and thrombectomy using an over-the-wire Fogarty catheter technique. (ochsnerjournal.org)
At 10 months postthrombectomy, the patient had no recurrent thrombosis or other arteriovenous graft complications. (ochsnerjournal.org)

CVT) is caused by clots in the dural venous sinuses and accounts for 0.5% to 1% of all strokes. (medscape.com)

Changes in venous pressure may stem from any disruption that alters normal venous flow. (woundcareadvisor.com)

[ 1 , 2 ] CVT results in an increased venous pressure that can lower cerebral perfusion pressure and induce parenchymal change due to vasogenic edema, cytotoxic edema, or notably intracranial hemorrhage. (medscape.com)

Cancer is a risk factor for DVT, particularly in older patients and in patients with recurrent thrombosis. (merckmanuals.com)

The ischemic stroke accounts for the 87% of all cases, which results from the cerebral arteries occlusion due to thrombosis, atherosclerosis and platelets plug ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis(CVT) represents approximately 1% of strokes(1), and tends to occur in the younger population ie. (resus.com.au)
When intracranial pressure is increased sufficiently, regardless of the cause, Cushing reflex and other autonomic abnormalities can occur. (msdmanuals.com)
They occur in the presence of venous disease. (sigvaris.com)

Direct signs correspond to visualization of a thrombus or venous thrombosis, while indirect signs include cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. (medscape.com)

However, during the procedure, the patient was diagnosed with low cerebrospinal fluid pressure and cerebral cortical vein thrombosis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
NPH occurs when the amount of cerebrospinal fluid increases in the ventricles of the brain with no or little increase in the pressure within the head. (medpersia.com)

As the luminal pressure continues to increase, lymphatic obstruction occurs, leading to edema in the appendiceal wall. (medscape.com)
If the volume of your legs is constantly increased, and pressure on the affected part leaves an indent, you have edema. (sigvaris.com)
By countering the effects of venous pressure, compression therapy reduces edema and promotes venous and lymphatic return. (woundcareadvisor.com)

However, AVGs carry a higher risk of thrombosis and infectious complications compared to AVFs [ 1 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)

If the vascular system - or parts of it - is disturbed, venous or lymphatic disorders and/or diseases can result. (sigvaris.com)
The cause could be venous or lymphatic. (sigvaris.com)

Following obstruction, an increase in mucus production occurs, leading to increased intraluminal pressure. (medscape.com)
With increased pressure and stasis from obstruction, bacterial overgrowth ensues. (medscape.com)

After calibrating the external pressure transducer, continuous pressure recordings are obtained with triplicate recordings of the wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP) and free hepatic venous pressure (FHVP). (jove.com)
During angiography, a catheter is placed selectively via either the transjugular or transfemoral route into the hepatic vein to measure portal pressure. (medscape.com)

The leading symptom is headache, but seizures, visual disturbances, focal neurologic symptoms, and increased intracranial pressure are also possible. (medscape.com)
The goals of endovascular therapy include reducing the severity and duration of lower-extremity symptoms, preventing PE, diminishing the risk of recurrent venous thrombosis, and preventing postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). (medscape.com)

The aim is to provide a reference for a comprehensive understanding of venous thrombosis and a scientific understanding of various pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features related to venous thrombosis, which will contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of intravenous stroke and provide insight into diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. (frontiersin.org)
American Stroke Association guidelines have reinforced the need for caution in lowering blood pressures acutely. (medscape.com)
In the small proportion of patients with stroke who are relatively hypotensive, pharmacologically increasing blood pressure may improve flow through critical stenoses. (medscape.com)

It is proposed to define AVP as mean AVP [(systolic venous pressure + 2 x diastolic venous pressure)/ 3]. (eur.nl)
BPSYS="Systolic blood pressure" BPDIAS="Diastolic blood pressure" SERVICES="Were any services ordered or provided at this visit? (cdc.gov)

It is usually associated with blunt force abdominal trauma, primary adrenal or metastatic tumors, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and adrenal vein thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
We confirmed low CSF pressure and thrombosis of the cortical vein during the craniotomy procedure and made a final diagnosis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis was excluded. (sages.org)
Postthrombectomy fistulogram ( Figures 1 and 2 ) revealed complete thrombosis of the cephalic vein at this venous stent. (ochsnerjournal.org)
The definitive finding is the inability to collapse the thrombosed vein with probe pressure. (vumc.org)

Because cerebral venous thrombosis hormonal factors are implicated (primarily oral contraceptives) and pregnancy, over 70% of cases are in women. (medscape.com)
The incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis during pregnancy and post partum ranges from 1 in 2500 deliveries to 1 in 10,000 deliveries in developed countries. (medscape.com)

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare diagnosis, but a very important diagnosis to make. (resus.com.au)
The neurological imaging findings useful for its diagnosis include subdural hematoma or effusion, diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement, and engorgement of the venous structure. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Graduated compression wear supports the proper function of venous valves to ensure blood is pumped back to the heart more efficiently. (sigvaris.com)
The venous valves no longer close perfectly and the blood circulation slows down. (e-medicalbroker.com)

Fistulas are preferred over grafts because of lower rates of infection and thrombosis. (ochsnerjournal.org)
This is due to the lower risk of thrombosis and infection associated with AVFs, as well as their longer patency duration [ 1 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)

Critical decisions focus on the need for intubation, blood pressure control, and determination of risk/benefit for thrombolytic intervention. (medscape.com)
Direct intrathrombus injection of the thrombolytic agent protects the medication from deactivation by circulating inhibitors and achieves higher drug concentration at the site of thrombosis with a lower total dose than would be used for systemic intravenous thrombolytic therapy. (medscape.com)

Anatomy38

Organisms5

Diseases51

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment72

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes60

Health Care16

Central venous ca3

Insufficiency10

Pulmonary8

Ulcers12

Arterial10

Stenosis9

Sinus7

Thrombophlebitis1

Veins11

Reducing venous thromboembolism1

Treatment of venous1

Hypertension15

Deep11

Acute4

Infarction2

Upper extremity1

Cerebral venous sinuses1

Chronic2

Lesion2

Graft5

Dural venous1

Normal venous1

Parenchymal1

Recurrent thrombosis1

Occlusion1

Occur3

Thrombus1

Cerebrospinal fluid2

Edema3

Complications1

Lymphatic2

Obstruction2

Hepatic2

Symptoms2

Stroke3

Systolic2

Vein5

Pregnancy2

Diagnosis2

Valves2

Infection2

Thrombolytic2