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Musculocutaneous NerveThoracic NervesBrachial PlexusNerve TransferScapulaSurgical FlapsCadaverNerve Compression SyndromesShoulderRectus AbdominisRadial NerveInternational Classification of DiseasesDatabases, FactualSpinal Nerve RootsClinical CodingSpinal CordChoroid PlexusInsurance Claim Review
BrachialSuprascapular nerveBranchesDorsal scapuRadial nervesSpinal nervesMedian nerveArtery and veinLateral cordPlexusPosterior cordBicepsRootsDistalAnteriorThoracodorsal nervePectoralInfraclavicularCutaneousCordsDeltoidSympathetic ganglionProximalLumbarElbowShoulderVeinMusclesExitsAnatomyFemoralSubscapularisSciaticSupraclavicular nerveSpineCoracoid processSensory nerves
Brachial40
  • Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), also referred to as idiopathic brachial plexitis and Parsonage-Turner syndrome, is a peripheral nerve disorder characterized by acute severe shoulder pain followed by progressive upper limb weakness and muscle atrophy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The upper trunk C5-C6 nerves form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C8 and thoracic nerve T1. (standardofcare.com)
  • The brachial plexus starts as the union of the ventral primary rami of cervical nerves 5 through 8 (C5-C8) and the thoracic nerve T1 (Figure 1). (asra.com)
  • The roots of the brachial plexus represent the ventral rami of these spinal nerves. (asra.com)
  • The point at which the musculocutaneous nerve exits the brachial plexus is important when considering the location at which to block the brachial plexus. (asra.com)
  • The treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus has changed from shoulder fusion, elbow bone block, and finger tenodesis following World War II to far greater functional restoration made possible by advances in nerve repair and microsurgery. (medscape.com)
  • The brachial plexus is formed from the spinal nerves or roots, the coalescence of the ventral (motor) and the dorsal (sensory) rootlets as they pass through the spinal foramen. (medscape.com)
  • and a branch from the lateral branch joins the medial cord continuation as the ulnar nerve, after the medial cord gives off the medial brachial cutaneous and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves. (medscape.com)
  • A brachial plexus injury results from the injury to the network of the nerves and manifests as impairment of motor and sensory functions of the involved upper limb. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • Brachial plexus injury leads to weakness or a partial or complete paralysis of the involved upper limb depending on the nerves injured. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originate from the spinal cord (5th to 8th cervical (C5-C8), and 1st thoracic (T1) spinal nerves) and control the movement and sensation in the upper limb. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The brachial plexus is formed by a union of anterior rami of the lower four cervical (C5 through C8) and the first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • 1. Upper brachial plexus injury - It involves the C5, C6 spinal nerves and presents with a weak shoulder and elbow. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • 2. Total brachial plexus lesion - It affects almost all the nerves of the plexus and presents with a flail limb without sensations. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) is a somatic nerve plexus formed by intercommunications among the ventral rami (roots) of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1). (medscape.com)
  • The brachial plexus supplies all of the cutaneous innervation of the upper limb, except for the area of the axilla (which is supplied by the supraclavicular nerve) and the dorsal scapula area, which is supplied by cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami. (medscape.com)
  • The spinal nerves that form the brachial plexus run in an inferior and anterior direction within the sulci formed by these structures. (medscape.com)
  • Diagram showing basic relationships of the brachial plexus to the pectoralis minor muscle and the axillary artery, which is a continuation of the subclavian artery. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior division of the lower trunk forms the medial cord, which gives off the medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1), the medial brachial cutaneous nerve (T1), and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8, T1). (medscape.com)
  • The brachial plexus is formed by the anterior rami of the C5-C8 and T1 spinal nerves. (aneskey.com)
  • The subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass into the axillary cavity medial to the coracoid process ( Fig. 2.2 , Fig. 2.3 , Fig. 2.4 , Fig. 2.5 ). (aneskey.com)
  • Fig. 2.7 Brachial plexus in the axillary region: anatomical overview. (aneskey.com)
  • Note: two roots of the median nerve behind the brachial artery. (aneskey.com)
  • The medial brachial cutaneous and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves come off the medial cord. (medscape.com)
  • The medial pectoral nerve , also known as the medial anterior thoracic nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus and supplies both the pectoralis minor and major muscles. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The medial pectoral nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus with fibers arising from the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerve roots. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The medial pectoral nerve may arise directly from the anterior division of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Origin of medial and lateral pectoral nerves from the supraclavicular part of brachial plexus and its clinical importance - a case report. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The lateral pectoral nerve is larger than the medial and arises from the upper and middle trunks or by a single branch from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. (neurol.ru)
  • It arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus, posterior to the axillary artery. (neurol.ru)
  • Upper extremity biplane USGRA images, which are shown in Figs. 1A - 1C , include interscalene, infraclavicular, and axillary brachial plexus blocks. (ekja.org)
  • C) Axillary brachial plexus block. (ekja.org)
  • A. Transverse scan showing the radial nerve (yellow arrowhead) and the deep brachial artery (red arrowhead). (usra.ca)
  • B. The use of Color Power Doppler to identify the deep brachial artery lateral to the radial nerve (yellow arrowhead). (usra.ca)
  • We present our initial experience of double fascicular nerve transfer for upper brachial plexus avulsion. (thenerve.net)
  • 8 ) reported the technique of nerve transfer from a redundant fascicle of the ulnar nerve to the biceps brachii branch of the musculocutaneous nerve for restoration of elbow function due to upper brachial plexus avulsion. (thenerve.net)
  • However, the importance of the brachial muscle in elbow flexion was subsequently confirmed and the technique for the transfer of double fascicular nerves to both the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles was introduced 7 ). (thenerve.net)
  • The ulnar nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus, from the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves. (co.ma)
  • The brachial plexus is a network of nerves originating from the spinal cord in the neck region (C5-T1) and branching out to provide motor and sensory innervation to the upper extremities. (mrimaster.com)
  • The radial nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus and innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm. (mrimaster.com)
Suprascapular nerve8
  • The most commonly involved nerves are the suprascapular nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, and the axillary nerve. (standardofcare.com)
  • The superior trunk gives off the suprascapular nerve and a nerve to the subclavius. (medscape.com)
  • The suprascapular nerve arises from the superolateral aspect of the upper trunk. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The suprascapular nerve and the nerve to the subclavius arise from the upper trunk. (medscape.com)
  • The suprascapular nerve contributes sensory fibers to the shoulder joint and provides motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. (medscape.com)
  • The upper trunk arises from the union of the roots of C5/6, where the suprascapular nerve arises immediately as a lateral branch from the upper trunk. (aneskey.com)
  • Two weeks after the first transfer surgery, the distal accessory nerve was transferred to the suprascapular nerve to ensure shoulder function. (thenerve.net)
  • Motor root avulsion of the C5 and C6 roots results in Erb palsy, with loss of supply to muscles innervated by the suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve 3 ). (thenerve.net)
Branches17
  • The branches from the cords go to form the terminal nerves of the upper extremity, namely the musculocutaneous, axillary, median,radial, and ulnar nerves. (asra.com)
  • The C5-7 roots give off branches to form the long thoracic nerve, and the C5 root gives branches to form the dorsal scapular nerve. (medscape.com)
  • It is innervated by the ventral branches of the Cx nerves. (onlinepethealth.com)
  • The cords then pass into the axilla and divide into nerve branches: the musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Branches from the medial pectoral nerve may also supply portions of the pectoralis major. (neurol.ru)
  • The radial nerve (arrowheads) becomes elliptical and linear as it divides into the superficial and deep branches. (usra.ca)
  • After lesioning of the dorsal root entry zone due to painful avulsion, double fascicles (flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris) of the median and ulnar nerve) were transferred to the biceps brachii and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore elbow flexion. (thenerve.net)
  • The so-called 'double fascicular nerve transfer' entails a surgical transfer of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor carpi ulnar (FCU) branches of the median and ulnar nerves to the biceps brachii and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve for functional restoration of elbow flexion 2 - 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 - 15 ). (thenerve.net)
  • The ulnar nerve gives off no branches till it reaches the forearm. (co.ma)
  • The muscular branches arise as soon as the nerve enters the forearm. (co.ma)
  • It gives branches to the ulnar artery, and communicates often with the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm and the palmar branch of the median nerve. (co.ma)
  • In the palm the ulnar nerve supplies a small muscular branch to the palmaris brevis, and then subdivides into its terminal branches, which are named superficial and deep. (co.ma)
  • The lateral branch (common volar digital nerve) becomes superficial at the cleft between the fourth and fifth fingers, between the slips of the palmar aponeurosis, and subdivides into two branches (proper volar digital nerves) which supply the adjacent sides of these fingers on their palmar aspect. (co.ma)
  • Sensory branches of the radial nerve provide sensation to the posterior arm, forearm, and dorsolateral hand. (mrimaster.com)
Dorsal scapu1
  • dorsal scapular nerve (C5,C6) supplying the levator scapulae and the rhomboid muscles, long thoracic nerve( C5,C6,C7) which supplies the serratus anterior muscle, and phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5). (brachialplexustreatment.com)
Radial nerves2
Spinal nerves2
  • The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 are referred to as the "roots" of the plexus. (medscape.com)
  • The roots of the spinal nerves exit from the spinal canal behind the vertebral artery and cross the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra. (aneskey.com)
Median nerve9
  • The lateral cord divides in to the musculocutaneous nerve and lateral root of the median nerve. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The medial cord gives off the medial root of the median nerve and continues as the ulnar nerve. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The median nerve is formed by the union of medial and lateral cord contributions. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • It is now positioned medial to the artery and then gives off a medial root that unites with the lateral root of the lateral cord to form the median nerve. (aneskey.com)
  • The median nerve is usually located lateral to the axillary artery. (aneskey.com)
  • The ulnar nerve, the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and the medial nerve of the forearm, and the medial root of the median nerve arise from the medial cord. (aneskey.com)
  • After the musculocutaneous nerve has arisen from the lateral cord, it combines with parts of the medial cord to form the median nerve ( Fig. 2.6 , Fig. 2.7 , Fig. 2.8 ). (aneskey.com)
  • It communicates with the adjacent digital branch of the median nerve. (co.ma)
  • The median nerve supplies motor fibers to muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm, including the flexor muscles of the wrist and fingers. (mrimaster.com)
Artery and vein3
  • It curves anteriorly to lie between the axillary artery and vein then, after receiving a communicating branch from the lateral pectoral nerve (the ansa pectoralis) enters the deep surface of the pectoralis minor muscle. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Along its course it receives a communicating branch from the lateral pectoral nerve to form a loop (ansa pectoralis) which runs anteriorly to both the axillary artery and vein. (radiopaedia.org)
  • It crosses anterior to the axillary artery and vein, pierces the clavipectoral fascia, and supplies the deep surface of the pectoralis major. (neurol.ru)
Lateral cord4
  • The lateral pectoral nerve emanates from the lateral cord, and the medial pectoral nerve emanates from the medial cord, but with a connection between the pectoral nerves. (medscape.com)
  • The lateral pectoral nerve arises from the lateral cord. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks unite to form the lateral cord, which is the origin of the lateral pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7). (medscape.com)
  • It also occasionally has a root from the lateral cord of the plexus (seventh cervical nerve). (co.ma)
Plexus6
  • Following trauma to the head and shoulder, an injury can cause the nerves of the plexus to violently stretch, with the upper trunk of the plexus sustaining the greatest injury. (standardofcare.com)
  • All nerve supply to the upper extremity passes through this plexus. (medscape.com)
  • The plexus lies in close proximity to the axillary artery, which exits between the anterior and middle scalenes. (medscape.com)
  • Some nerve fibers to the plexus may originate from the fourth cervical (C4, prefixed) or from the second thoracic (T2, post fixed) nerves. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • Involvement of C7 nerve is termed as an extended upper plexus injury. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The different microanatomical features of spinal roots, plexus trunks, and peripheral nerves are discussed and compared, as well as the microanatomical explanation of the different sonographical appearance of these three types of nerves. (eurekaselect.com)
Posterior cord3
  • The medial, lateral, and posterior cord designations refer to the relations of these structures to the axillary artery. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior cord has the upper and lower subscapular nerves, with the thoracodorsal nerve between them. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior cord divides into the axillary nerve and radial nerve (see Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.5 ). (aneskey.com)
Biceps3
  • S: semimembranosus and semitendinosus (superior medial border) A: artery (popliteal artery) V: vein (popliteal vein) N: nerve (tibial nerve) B: biceps femoris (superior lateral border). (wikipedia.org)
  • If the needle is inserted too laterally, it may be in the coracobrachialis or the short head of the biceps, which are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve. (neurol.ru)
  • The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm, including the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis. (mrimaster.com)
Roots4
  • Sternocostal part: Innervation is via the lateral and medial pectoral nerves, lateral and medial cords, middle and lower trunks, and roots C7, C8, T 1. (neurol.ru)
  • The aims of this chapter are to explain and present the older and new concepts and understanding around the microanatomy of nerve roots, trunks, and peripheral nerves. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The biplane cursor is over the C5 and C6 nerve roots. (ekja.org)
  • BACKGROUND: During interscalene block (ISB) placement, ultrasound guidance (USG) enables the practitioner to measure the spread of local anesthetic around the nerve trunks or roots, and to adjust the needle position in order to optimize diffusion. (londonspine.com)
Distal5
  • Originally, surgical procedures performed on the elbow and distal upper extremity utilizing regional anesthesia were done under axillary block. (asra.com)
  • A cadaveric study showed that the exit point of the musculocutaneous nerve is typically distal to the coracoid process. (asra.com)
  • Infraclavicular nerve block reduces postoperative pain after distal radial fracture fixation: a randomized controlled trial. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, lower extremity biplane USGRA images of the femoral nerve block, distal femoral triangle block and popliteal sciatic nerve block are depicted in Figs. 1I - 1K . (ekja.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: During USG ISB placement, injection below the C6 level provided the same efficiency in analgesia after shoulder surgery as an injection cranial to the C5 nerve root but a greater success rate of anesthesia in all distal nerve areas. (londonspine.com)
Anterior5
  • Notice the order of the muscles (S, G, T) follows the order of the innervating nerves which correspond to those muscles (F, O, T)[citation needed] Another anterior to posterior is "Say Grace before Tea" Sartorius, Gracilis, semiTendinosus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The typical spinal nerve root results from the confluence of the ventral nerve rootlets originating in the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and the dorsal nerve rootlets that join the spinal ganglion in the region of the intervertebral foramen. (medscape.com)
  • The medial pectoral nerve lies posterior to the axillary artery and anterior to the axillary vein. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Insert the needle just medial to the anterior axillary fold over the bulk of the muscle. (neurol.ru)
  • If the needle is inserted too superiorly, it may be in the anterior fibers of the deltoid, which is supplied by the axillary nerve. (neurol.ru)
Thoracodorsal nerve1
Pectoral10
  • The medial cord gives off medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
  • The deeper components of the thoracic sling include the pectoral muscles, serratus ventralis and rhomboid muscles. (onlinepethealth.com)
  • The medial pectoral nerve arises posterior to the axillary artery . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The medial pectoral nerve perforates the pectoralis minor muscle and enters the deep surface of pectoralis major supplying the lower sternocostal fibers of the muscle. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The medial pectoral nerve supplies both the pectoralis minor muscle and sternocostal portions of the pectoralis major muscle. (radiopaedia.org)
  • 4. Kg P, K S. Anatomical study of pectoral nerves and its implications in surgery. (radiopaedia.org)
  • It sends a small branch to the medial pectoral nerve, forming a loop in front of the first part of the axillary artery, to supply fibers of the pectoralis minor. (neurol.ru)
  • The medial pectoral nerve is derived from the eighth cervical and first thoracic cervical rami. (neurol.ru)
  • It curves forward to join the branch from the lateral pectoral nerve, entering the deep surface of the pectoralis minor to supply it. (neurol.ru)
  • An isolated lesion of the lateral or medial pectoral nerves is rare. (neurol.ru)
Infraclavicular5
  • The infraclavicular block (ICB) was developed to overcome the limitations of the axillary block. (asra.com)
  • [2,3] The infraclavicular block in general has a higher success rate than the axillary block. (asra.com)
  • Indications for the infraclavicular block are the same as those for the axillary and the supraclavicular block, including surgery at the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. (asra.com)
  • Several techniques for infraclavicular nerve blocks have been described. (medscape.com)
  • The infraclavicular block can be considered the same block as the axillary block and has the advantage of not having to move the arm over the patient's head. (medscape.com)
Cutaneous3
  • External haemorrhoids lie below the dentate line, are covered by squamous epithelium and innervated by cutaneous nerves. (passmed.uk)
  • It will not anesthetize the axilla or the proximal medial arm, missing the intercostal and medium cutaneous brachii nerves. (medscape.com)
  • A cutaneous nerve of the forearm. (unboundmedicine.com)
Cords3
  • These cords are defined by their spatial relationship to the axillary artery, and are designated as the lateral, posterior, and the medial cord. (asra.com)
  • The cords are referred to as the lateral, posterior, and medial cord, according to their relationship with the axillary artery, as seen in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • Here, the cords rotate by about 90° around the axillary artery, with the medial cord passing under the artery. (aneskey.com)
Deltoid1
  • The axillary nerve controls the deltoid and teres minor muscles, which are involved in shoulder abduction and external rotation, respectively. (mrimaster.com)
Sympathetic ganglion1
  • They are derived from the middle and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia and the first thoracic sympathetic ganglion. (medscape.com)
Proximal2
  • Given the proximal take off of the musculocutaneous nerve, the lateral proximal arm would often be spared. (asra.com)
  • In the case of root avulsion, the absence of proximal nerve stump prevents nerve graft reconstruction and no spontaneous recovery of the shoulder and elbow function is anticipated 13 ). (thenerve.net)
Lumbar1
  • Cervical vertebrae (Atlas (anatomy) = C1, Axis (anatomy) = C2) Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacral vertebrae Coccygeal vertebrae (These are in order superior to inferior- or starting from the top of the spine to the bottom. (wikipedia.org)
Elbow7
  • They occurred most frequently in the common peroneal nerve (n = 570), followed by the ulnar nerve at the elbow (n = 88), and the tibial nerve at the ankle (n = 58). (bvsalud.org)
  • The natural history of becoming "one-handed" within 2 years has been replaced by early exploration, neurolysis, nerve grafting, neurotization, and free muscle transfers, as well as tendon transfers , for shoulder and elbow function and for wrist or hand prehension. (medscape.com)
  • The radial nerve (arrowheads) is visualized below the elbow lying immediately next to the radius bone. (usra.ca)
  • Therefore, nerve transfer surgery to restore elbow and shoulder function is rarely reported. (thenerve.net)
  • Six months after the nerve transfers, elbow flexion recovered to Medical Research Council grade 3, but shoulder function did not show any improvement. (thenerve.net)
  • Therefore, nerve transfer should be considered for restoration of the elbow and shoulder function. (thenerve.net)
  • The articular branch is distributed to the elbow-joint and arises as the nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus. (co.ma)
Shoulder7
Vein3
  • or alternatively "Tom, Dick (and very nervous) Harry" if the artery, vein, and nerve are included. (wikipedia.org)
  • The order of this neurovascular bundle can be remembered using the mnemonic, "NAVY": Nerve Artery Vein Y -fronts (the British term of a style of men's underwear with a "Y" shaped front that acts as a fly). (wikipedia.org)
  • An alternate to this mnemonic is "NAVEL" for Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty Space and Lymph, to include the deep inguinal lymph nodes located medial to the Femoral vein. (wikipedia.org)
Muscles4
  • The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • During a peripheral nerve block (PNB), real-time BI eliminates the need to rotate the transducer to obtain both short-and long-axis views of the nerves, vessels, bones, muscles, or fascial planes. (ekja.org)
  • They are distributed to the muscles between which the ulnar nerve lies-the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus. (co.ma)
  • The ulnar nerve controls the muscles of the hand involved in fine motor movements, such as the flexor muscles of the ring and little fingers. (mrimaster.com)
Exits1
Anatomy1
  • The importance of functional goals, hardware limitations, muscle and nerve anatomy, and surgical feasibility are highlighted. (microprobes.com)
Femoral2
  • F- femoral nerve O- obturator nerve T- tibial division of the sciatic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • The "Y" is midline (corresponding with the penis) and the mnemonic always reads from lateral to medial (in other words, the Femoral Nerve is always lateral). (wikipedia.org)
Subscapularis1
  • The three most common treatments for Erb's palsy are nerve transfers from the opposite arm, subscapularis releases and latissimus dorsi tendon transfers. (standardofcare.com)
Sciatic1
  • PI which is automatically calculated by pulse oximetry and provides an indication of peripheral perfusion at the sensor site (finger) has been shown to be a useful method to evaluate axillary or sciatic block in patients scheduled for limb surgery. (ijrsms.com)
Supraclavicular nerve1
  • Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular nerve block is a popular approach for anesthesia for upper limb surgeries. (ijrsms.com)
Spine1
  • The problem is that the thoracic spine often does get stuck in bad posture. (learnmuscles.com)
Coracoid process1
  • They are lateral to the axillary artery proximally and rotate to surround the artery as it approaches the coracoid process. (medscape.com)
Sensory nerves1