Thiazide (/ˈθaɪəzaɪd/) refers to both a class of sulfur-containing organic molecules and a class of diuretics based on the chemical structure of benzothiadiazine. (wikipedia.org)
Confusion sometimes occurs because thiazide-like diuretics such as indapamide are referred to as thiazides despite not having the thiazide chemical structure. (wikipedia.org)
Thiazide diuretics inhibit this receptor, causing the body to release NaCl and water into the lumen, thereby increasing the amount of urine produced each day. (wikipedia.org)
Although most thiazide diuretics lose their effectiveness in kidney failure , metolazone remains active even when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is below 30-40 mL/min (moderate chronic kidney disease ). (mdwiki.org)
This gives it a considerable advantage over other thiazide diuretics, since renal and heart failure often coexist and contribute to fluid retention. (mdwiki.org)
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure" (JNC 7) recommends thiazide diuretics as the initial medication for treatment of hypertension. (mdwiki.org)
Since thiazide diuretics affect the transport of electrolytes and water in the kidney, they can be responsible for abnormalities of water balance and electrolyte levels. (mdwiki.org)
The 20th century saw the advent of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, followed by thiazide diuretics, and finally loop diuretics. (medscape.com)
Thiazide diuretics are most commonly used to treat hypertension, although they can be adjuncts in the management of heart failure. (medscape.com)
They inhibit the Na-Cl symporter in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to decreased sodium and water reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Thiazides like cyclothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. (drugbank.com)
Inhibitors6
Low-dose thiazides are tolerated as well as the other classes of medications for hypertension, including ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. (wikipedia.org)
Low-dose thiazides are more effective at treating hypertension than beta blockers and are similar to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
Thiazides have also been replaced by ACE inhibitors in Australia due to the association between thaizide use and increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2. (wikipedia.org)
Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors" by people in this website by year, and whether "Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors" by people in Profiles. (ouhsc.edu)
Diuretic9
An example of a molecule that is chemically a thiazide but not used as a diuretic is methylchloroisothiazolinone, often found as an antimicrobial in cosmetics. (wikipedia.org)
High-dose therapy with the thiazide-like diuretic indapamide can be used to treat idiopathic hypercalcinuria (high urine calcium with unknown cause). (wikipedia.org)
The thiazide-like diuretic chlortalidone reduced urine calcium oxalate in seven of the eight males with inactivated CLCN5 gene that participated in the study. (wikipedia.org)
[1] It is a diuretic of the thiazide-like type. (mdwiki.org)
As a diuretic, cyclothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. (drugbank.com)
Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. (drugbank.com)
At maximal therapeutic dosages, all thiazides are approximately equal in their diuretic efficacy. (drugbank.com)
Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. (drugbank.com)
By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron.Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. (drugbank.com)
In contrast with bartter syndrome , gitelman syndrome includes hypomagnesemia and normocalcemic hypocalciuria, and is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive sodium-potassium-chloride symporters . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
Antihypertensive2
In most countries, thiazides are the least expensive antihypertensive drugs available. (wikipedia.org)
The antihypertensive mechanism of cyclothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. (drugbank.com)
Distal tubules1
Thiazides increase the uptake of calcium in the distal tubules, to moderately reduce urinary calcium. (wikipedia.org)
Urine4
Thiazides can be used to paradoxically decrease urine flow in people with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (wikipedia.org)
Thiazides are useful in treating kidney stones and bladder stones that result from hypercalciuria (high urine calcium levels). (wikipedia.org)
It works by inhibiting the absorption of sodium and chloride ions in the kidneys, which results in increased urine production. (buynoprescriptionrxxonline.net)
Transporter1
The thiazide receptor is a sodium-chloride transporter that pulls NaCl from the lumen in the distal convoluted tubule. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms1
Thiazides may be used to treat the symptoms of Dent's disease, an X-linked genetic condition that results in electrolyte imbalance with repeated episodes of kidney stones. (wikipedia.org)
Lumen1
Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. (drugbank.com)
Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. (drugbank.com)
Kidneys2
It works by blocking the absorption of sodium and chloride ions in the nephrons of the kidneys, which leads to an increased excretion of water and electrolytes. (buynoprescriptionrxxonline.net)
The mechanism of action of Lasix involves the inhibition of the Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter, a protein located on the luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop in the kidneys. (buynoprescriptionrxxonline.net)
Inhibits1
Spironolactone inhibits the aldosterone receptor in the cortical collecting duct, also limiting sodium and water reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Kidney1
Thiazides combined with potassium citrate, increased water intake and decreased dietary oxalate and sodium can slow or even reverse the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones. (wikipedia.org)
Serum1
Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. (drugbank.com)
Effectively1
By effectively inhibiting sodium reabsorption, they also reduce water reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Retention1
Sodium and free water retention occur, resulting in an increase in both volume and pressure in capacitance vessels. (medscape.com)
Heart failure1
Thiazides should be considered as initial treatment if the patient has a high risk of developing heart failure. (wikipedia.org)
Water1
Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. (drugbank.com)
High blood pr1
A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration specifically recommended that low-dose thiazides be used as the initial pharmacological therapy for high blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
Increase1
This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. (drugbank.com)
Effects1
Common side effects include low potassium , low sodium , gout , high blood sugar , and abdominal bloating. (mdwiki.org)
Large1
The rare nature of Dent's disease makes it difficult to coordinate large controlled studies, so most evidence for thiazide use is with too few patients to make broad recommendations possible. (wikipedia.org)
Patient1
In addition to preventing fluid buildup, the use of metolazone may allow the patient to relax the amount of sodium restriction that is required. (mdwiki.org)