Thermostable dna polymerase polymerase chain reaction. Medical search. Frequent questions

The polymerase chain reaction method is used to quantify nucleic acids by amplifying a nucleic acid molecule with the enzyme DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable enzyme derived from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus . (sigmaaldrich.com)
DNA is a nucleic acid which is capable of duplicating itself via the enzyme known as DNA polymerase. (wikibooks.org)
Enzyme activation occurs automatically during the first cycle of DNA denaturation. (belbiolab.ru)
Its thermostable DNA polymerase, Taq polymerase, became the foundation enzyme in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the technique which revolutionised molecular biology. (glycanage.com)
b) DNA polymerase is an enzyme involved in DNA replication. (mcqexams.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the process in which the amplification of the gene of interest is carried out with two sets of primers and a thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme Taq polymerase. (mcqexams.com)
Extension: The Taq polymerase enzyme polymerizes the nucleotide chain using the nucleotides provided in the medium and by using the template strand at 72$$^0$$C. (mcqexams.com)
This enzyme is able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR or it is thermostable. (mcqexams.com)
In other cases, the reaction is invisible and wants the use of a specific enzyme or isotopic probes that can amplify the signal created by the antigen-antibody reaction, so that they can be detected with the naked eye or an ELISA/RIA reader1. (wowessays.com)
This enzyme needed a primer to start copying the template and could create DNA only in one direction. (news-medical.net)
DNA polymerase (DNAP) is a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules. (samodelcin.ru)
Expand Long Template PCR System is an enzyme mix that contains thermostable Taq DNA Polymerase and a thermostable DNA polymerase with proofreading activity. (wazeesupperclub.com)
The new fragments of DNA that are made during PCR also serve as templates to which the DNA polymerase enzyme can attach and start making DNA. (wazeesupperclub.com)
Mullis developed a method for synthesizing DNA by cyclic duplication with the aid of the enzyme polymerase. (analytik-jena.com)
Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces. (saralstudy.com)
This is because the DNA of eukaryotes is highly methylated by a modification enzyme, called methylase. (saralstudy.com)
Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker? (saralstudy.com)
26. The thermostable polymerase enzyme, commonly known as Taq polymerase, has maximum activity at 72°C and is temperature stable. (com.vn)
Finally, the temperature was brought up to 72°C, which is the right temperature for Taq polymerase enzyme activity to pull the dNTPs back to the 3' end of the primer pairing on the 5' end of the target DNA strand, starting the synthesize additional circuits. (com.vn)
According to the original Mullis PCR process, the enzyme DNA replication reaction is performed in vitro. (com.vn)
However, by using the thermostable DNA Polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus in PCR, we did not have to do the troublesome task of supplementing the enzyme every step. (intronbio.com)
The processivity, specificity, and fidelity of the polymerase enzyme used can influence the efficiency, reproducibility, and yield of the PCR reaction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The enzyme′s 3′→5′ exonuclease-dependent proofreading activity results in a lower PCR mutation frequency than any other commercially available DNA polymerase. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Digital polymerase chain reaction (digital PCR, DigitalPCR, dPCR, or dePCR) is a biotechnological refinement of conventional polymerase chain reaction methods that can be used to directly quantify and clonally amplify nucleic acids strands including DNA, cDNA, or RNA. (wikipedia.org)
In PCR, a thermostable DNA polymerase is used to amplify target DNA 2-fold with each temperature cycle. (medscape.com)
It is used in the polymerase chain reaction or PCR, a method which is used to amplify the quantity of short segments of DNA. (mcqexams.com)
Reaction of the polymerase chain specific to the allele (= standard PCR) has routinely used to amplify Wolbachia DNA from arthropods. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique involving enzymatic amplification of nucleic acid sequences in repeated cycles of denaturation, oligonucleotide annealing and DNA polymerase extension [ 3 ].The PCR uses in vitro enzymatic synthesis to amplify specific DNA sequence within few hours. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
He added a second primer to the opposite strand and realized that repeated use of DNA polymerase will trigger a chain reaction that will amplify a specific DNA segment, thus discovering the PCR technology. (news-medical.net)
In 1984, Mullis along with the genetic mutation assay team at Cetus started working on experiments that show PCR's ability to amplify genomic DNA. (news-medical.net)
Long-range PCR is a method to amplify the DNA fragment of more than 5Kb using a special type of high-fidelity DNA polymerase. (wazeesupperclub.com)
As a standard molecular biology technique, PCR uses DNA polymerase to detect, amplify and manipulate DNA targets. (taq-polymerase.net)

A PCR solution is made similarly to a TaqMan assay, which consists of template DNA (or RNA), fluorescence-quencher probes, primers, and a PCR master mix, which contains DNA polymerase, dNTPs, MgCl2, and reaction buffers at optimal concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
Taq polymerase catalyzes oligonucleotide primer-driven, DNA template dependent incorporation of dNTPs into complimentary DNA strands. (sigmaaldrich.com)
One unit will incorporate 10 nmol of total dNTPs into acid-precipitable DNA in 30 min at 74 °C. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The reagent contains the following components: thermostable hot start DNA polymerase, dNTPs (including dUTP), uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG), PCR optimized buffer. (belbiolab.ru)
2X PCR SuperMix is a blended solution with Mg 2+ , dNTPs, and recombinant Thermostable DNA polymerase which offers a reliable amplification of nucleic acid templates through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (alfa-chemistry.com)
Using the PCR ingredients like dNTPs, PCR buffer, DNA primers and template DNA, copies of DNA can be generated in a PCR. (wazeesupperclub.com)

Initially, DNA is taken from the clinical specimen, as well as certain sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers, thermostable DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. (medscape.com)
In the second step, the temperature decreases (45-60°C), depending on the primers, to permit annealing (strengthening) of the target DNA primers. (medscape.com)
Annealing: The two sets of primers are added which bind to the appropriate complementary segment of DNA strand at 54$$^0$$C. (mcqexams.com)
A PCR reaction involves the use of primers that are specific for the desired DNA sequence, a thermostable DNA polymerase, and a pair of oligonucleotide primers. (traxlabsystems.com)
The reaction is performed in a thermocycler, which heats and cools the reaction mixture to denature, anneal, and extend the primers. (traxlabsystems.com)
A PCR master mix is a premixed solution that contains all of the reagents needed for a PCR reaction except for the DNA template and the primers. (traxlabsystems.com)
To use a PCR master mix , the user must first prepare a template DNA sample and design primers that are specific for the desired DNA sequence. (traxlabsystems.com)
The template DNA and primers are then added to the PCR master mix, and the reaction is carried out in a thermocycler according to the manufacturer's instructions. (traxlabsystems.com)
The polymerase chain reaction with mixed oligonucleotide primers targeted for conserved sequences of reported ure genes from other species was used to prepare a DNA probe to detect the V. parahaemolyticus ure gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
PCR is performed using two specific primers that flank the DNA region of interest. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
It begins with the initial sample containing the target DNA and mixes in the appropriate primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotide triphosphates, and buffered salts. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
This technique sought to simplify gene synthesis by using artificial primers and templates that help DNA polymerase to copy the desired gene segments. (news-medical.net)
Meanwhile, the team used PCR for other applications by designing new primers and probes, which made the reaction more specific until the results were evident on agarose gel electrophoresis. (news-medical.net)
Norwegian Kjell Kleppe came up with the idea of amplifying DNA using primers - markers for specific DNA sequences - as early as the 1970s. (analytik-jena.com)
29. Forward and reverse primers are oligonucleotides with a length of about 20-30 nucleotides whose sequences are specifically complementary to the sequences of the two ends of the DNA fragment to be cloned. (com.vn)
Next, the temperature is lowered to 56°C - 65°C, which is the suitable temperature for the primers to find additional pairs at the ends of the target DNA fragment, this stage is called the pairing stage. (com.vn)
In the Sanger method, the DNA strand to be analyzed is used as a template and DNA polymerase is used, in a PCR reaction, to generate complementary strands using primers. (michaelperes.com)
At this stage, the primers bind to the template DNA and the annealing temperature is an important factor in determining the accuracy of the reaction. (intronbio.com)
If the temperature is too high, the primers will bind too weakly to the template DNA, If the temperature is too low, undesirable DNA can be amplified because the primers bind nonspecifically. (intronbio.com)

Then came the thermostable polymerases such as Taq DNA polymerase, which was isolated from the thermophilic, aerobic bacterium Thermus aquaticus. (the-scientist.com)
ZiP-Taq is a thermostable DNA polymerase I originally isolated from the thermophilic eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus. (zipdiag.com)
1991) Detection of specific polymerase chain reaction product by utilizing the 5'----3' exonuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. (jenabioscience.com)
A major breakthrough in DNA polymerase came along in the year 1969, when Thomas Brock reported the isolation of Thermus aquaticus , a new species of thermophilic bacterium found in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. (news-medical.net)
i-Taq ™ DNA Polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase of 94 kDa, which is expressed in E. coli by cloning the polymerase gene of Thermus aquaticus (strain YT1). (intronbio.com)

The deoxyribose sugars form the structural backbone for DNA via a phosphodiester bond between the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and the 5' carbon of the next. (wikibooks.org)
In the year 1977, Frederick Sanger identified a DNA sequencing method involving a DNA polymerase, a primer, and nucleotide precursors, for which he was he awarded the Nobel Prize in 1980. (news-medical.net)
Lyo-Ready qPCR master mix is a glycerol-free formulation that contains reaction buffer, Taq (Thermostable DNA) polymerase, dNTP (deoxyribose nucleotide triphosphate), lyo-excipients, and MgCl2 (Magnesium chloride). (offshore-technology.com)
The polymerases are enzymes that synthesize long chains or nucleic acid polymers, including DNA or Nucleotide RNA. (taq-polymerase.net)
Chemical treatment generates breaks at a small proportions of one or two of the four nucleotide based in each of four reactions (G,A+G, C, C+T). Thus a series of labelled fragments is generated,from the radiolabelled end to the first 'cut' site in each molecule. (michaelperes.com)
Says Dr Goh, "We have developed the design process of the microarray probes such that we are able to distinguish between DNA sequences to the extent of single nucleotide polymorphisms. (sekisuidiagnostics.com)

DNA sequencing and recombinant techniques soon permitted biosynthetic production of natural products, which for some organic synthesis proved intractable. (openwetware.org)
What was the first recombinant DNA based product, produced and marketed in India? (mcqexams.com)
In this chapter we will discuss the tools of recombinant DNA technology. (saralstudy.com)
This process involves restriction enzymes, ligases plasmid for the recombinant DNA. (saralstudy.com)
Recombinant proteins are obtained from the recombinant DNA technology. (saralstudy.com)
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made? (saralstudy.com)
This results in the formation of recombinant DNA. (saralstudy.com)

It has both 5′→3′ polymerase and exonuclease activity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The very thermostable Thermos Aquaticus (TAQ) polymerase DNA is ideal for manual and automated DNA sequencing because it is fast, highly suitable, has little or no exonuclease activity 3′-exonuclease, and is active. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)

When DNA is not self-replicating it exists in the cell as a double stranded helical molecule with the strands lined up anti-parallel to each other. (wikibooks.org)
The connection between the strands of double-stranded DNA is tighter than double-stranded RNA . (wikibooks.org)
The temperature of these is increased to 90-95°C in order to separate (denature) the 2 strands of target DNA. (medscape.com)
Denaturation: The double-stranded DNA is heated up to 94 $$^o$$ C which causes the hydrogen bonds to break and the two strands get separated. (mcqexams.com)
Ting Zhu of Tsinghua University hopes to fill that gap by creating not only mirror-image (MI) DNA strands but also MI enzymes that can copy this unnatural DNA, transcribe it into MI RNA, and, eventually, translate the MI RNA into MI protein. (acs.org)
After enzymatic synthesis of the replicated strand is complete, the DNA is denatured into single strands. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
In the year 1953, Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix structure of the DNA, showing that DNA has two strands with complementary bases running in opposite directions. (news-medical.net)
He heated the DNA to 96°C until it broke down into individual strands and then cooled it down again. (analytik-jena.com)
Microsatellite (SSR) amplification by PCR usually led to polymorphic bands: Evidence which shows replication slippage occurs in extend or nascent DNA strands. (taq-polymerase.net)
The first step in the PCR is denaturation of the DNA, separating the two strands of DNA by heating. (intronbio.com)
Two prerequisites for doing so are the facile manipulation of DNA containing UBPs with common tool enzymes, including DNA polymerases and ligases, and the easy availability of UBP-containing DNA strands. (bvsalud.org)

Furthermore, the relative location of ure and trh on V. parahaemolyticus chromosomal DNA was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Taq DNA polymerase comes with the choice of an optimized 10× reaction buffer including MgCl 2 (D1806) or a 10× reaction buffer without MgCl 2 plus a separate tube of MgCl 2 for titration (D4545). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Taq DNA Polymerase with Standard Taq Buffer. (samodelcin.ru)
A protocol for the use of GoTaq DNA Polymerase with 5X Green GoTaq Reaction Buffer and 5X Colorless GoTaq Reaction Buffer. (samodelcin.ru)
31. Tris-KCl buffer is a suitable solvent for the reaction, when the reaction tube is placed in the cycle chamber of the thermal cycler. (com.vn)
i-Taq ™ DNA Polymerase In addition to high purity enzymes, it is possible to obtain highly reproducible results by optimizing the buffer composition to exhibit the best polymerase activity irrespective of the type of template or half of the template. (intronbio.com)

Mutant Taq DNA polymerases with improved elongation ability as a useful reagent for genetic engineering. (taq-polymerase.net)
The chain termination method requires a single-stranded DNA template,a DNA primer,a DNA polymerase, radioactively or fluorescently labelled nucleotides,and modified nucleotides that terminate DNA strand elongation. (michaelperes.com)
The elongation rate and processivity are 5 times and 10 to 15 times higher, respectively, than for Pfu DNA polymerase, resulting in highly accurate and robust yield, in a short reaction time. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Finally, nucleotides complementary to the target DNA are added extending each primer by the thermostable DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
1988) Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. (jenabioscience.com)
Although this technique used DNA polymerase repeatedly, similar to PCR, it employed only a single primer template complex, and exponential amplification was not possible using this technique. (news-medical.net)
Around the same time, Kjell Kleppe from Khorana's lab envisioned the use of a two-primer system which might help in desired DNA segment replication, forming an early precursor to PCR. (news-medical.net)
TDNA Polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the 5´→ 3´ direction and requires the presence of template and primer. (samodelcin.ru)
To do this, it binds to a DNA strand and synthesizes a complementary strand by means of a primer. (analytik-jena.com)
The technical variations of chain termination sequencing include tagging with nucleotides containing radioactive phosphorus for labelling, or using a primer labelled at the 5' end with a fluorescent dye. (michaelperes.com)
Limitations include non-specific binding of the primer to the DNA,affecting accurate read-out of the DNA sequence,and DNA secondary structures affecting the fidelity of the sequence. (michaelperes.com)
Dye-terminator sequencing utilizes labelling of the chain terminator ddNTPs,which permits sequencing in a single reaction,rather than four reactions as in the labelled- primer method. (michaelperes.com)
Sensitivity comparison of i-Taq™ DNA Polymerase with DNA polymerase of the same function of Company A, B. In this experiment, Bovine gDNA was diluted by concentration and amplified with CSF primer. (intronbio.com)
Results from primer extension, steady-state kinetics, and gap-filling experiments suggest that T4 DNA polymerase D219A can efficiently and faithfully replicate dNaM-dTPT3, and efficiently fill a gap by inserting dTPT3TP or its analogues opposite dNaM. (bvsalud.org)

Each lot of Taq DNA Polymerase is tested for PCR amplification and double-stranded sequencing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In other words, it's much easier to unzip double-stranded RNA than it is to unzip double-stranded DNA. (wikibooks.org)
In this case, UDG effectively hydrolyzes uracil from single- and double-stranded DNA molecules during the preparation of the reaction, thus preventing the amplification of the products of previous PCR (amplicons), which help to avoids false-positive results. (belbiolab.ru)

Honda T. , Ni Y. , Miwatani T. Purification and characterization of a hemolysin produced by a clinical isolate of Kanagawa phenomenon-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related to the thermostable direct hemolysin. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Shirai H. , Ito H. , Hirayama T. Molecular epidemiologic evidence for association of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with gastroenteritis. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Long PCR improves the amplification of the Wolbachia DNA: WSP sequences present in 76% of sixty-three arthropod species. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)
PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, is a widely used molecular biology technique for amplifying specific DNA sequences. (traxlabsystems.com)
We found that DNA sequences were more than 99% identical to the GenBank DNA sequences from Pichia kudriavzevii . (springeropen.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique involving enzymatic amplification of nucleic acid sequences in repeated cycles of denaturation, oligonucleotide annealing and DNA polymerase extension. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
The main application of the Expand Long Template PCR System is the accurate amplification of very long target sequences, even from genomic DNA. (wazeesupperclub.com)
Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. (saralstudy.com)

dPCR measures the actual number of molecules (target DNA) as each molecule is in one droplet, thus making it a discrete "digital" measurement. (wikipedia.org)
That is to say why has evolution favored a DNA world over an RNA world given that the two molecules are so similar structurally? (wikibooks.org)
In molecular biology, DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. (samodelcin.ru)
Enzymes are smaller in size than DNA molecules. (saralstudy.com)
It contains instructions for the synthesis of proteins and DNA molecules. (saralstudy.com)

These were to be eliminated by the Klenow fragment of the DNA polymerase to ensure the restoration of the genes sequence. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)
The results showed that, in all the strains examined, ure and trh were detected on the same Not I fragment, showing that the two genes localise within a relatively small portion of the chromosome DNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The strain displayed remarkable degradation of edible oil and fat even at 5 degrees C. The LipYY31 DNA fragment contains an open reading frame of 1,410 bp which encoded a protein of 470 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 49,584 Da. (inrae.fr)
The method requires radioactive labelling at one end and purification of the DNA fragment to be sequenced. (michaelperes.com)
To visualize the fragments,the gel is exposed to X-ray film for autoradiography,yielding a series of dark bands each corresponding to a radiolabelled DNA fragment,from which the sequence may be inferred. (michaelperes.com)
A dark band in a lane indicates a DNA fragment that is result of chain termination after incorporation of a dideoxynucleotide (ddATP, ddGTP, ddCTP, or ddTTP). (michaelperes.com)
Its limitation include dye effects due to differences in the incorporation of the dye-labelled chain terminators into the DNA fragment,resulting in unequal peak heights and shapes in the electronic DNA sequence trace chromatogram. (michaelperes.com)
GAPDH (575 bp) and 1 Kb fragment were amplified from serially diluted SNU-1 cDNA and Lambda DNA to confirm the sensitivity. (intronbio.com)
This method allows convenient production of an arbitrary UB-containing DNA oligonucleotide in a single test tube with only two natural DNA oligonucleotides, stable nucleoside triphosphates, Klenow fragment (exo-), and other common reagents in the laboratory, providing the lowest cost and the highest simplicity for the enzymatic preparation of UB-containing oligonucleotides. (bvsalud.org)

5X Fast Probe qPCR U Mastermix is a ready-to-use reagent for real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (belbiolab.ru)
Conversely, qPCR can be used without RT-PCR, for example to quantify the copy number of a specific piece of DNA. (wazeesupperclub.com)
Ohio-based integrated life science company Meridian Bioscience has introduced two new master mixes, Lyo-Ready Direct DNA qPCR Saliva Mix and Lyo-Ready Direct RNA/DNA qPCR Saliva Mix, that can detect DNA and RNA in crude saliva samples. (offshore-technology.com)
Rapid molecular test platforms targeting the viral genome based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) facilitate speed, sensitivity, and scale for laboratory diagnoses not possible with conventional microbiology. (sekisuidiagnostics.com)

Some PCR master mixes contain additives such as DMSO or glycerol to improve the efficiency of the reaction, or enzymes such as uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) to prevent amplification of contaminants. (traxlabsystems.com)

DNA is a long chain of linear polymers containing deoxyribose sugars and their covalently bonded bases known as nucleic acids. (wikibooks.org)
It is responsible for forming new copies of DNA from nucleic acids. (mcqexams.com)
These kits generate high yields of genomic DNA, total cellular DNA or total nucleic acids (TNA) in under 60 minutes. (biosearchtech.com)

In the early days when this method was developed, PCR was performed using Escherichia coli DNA Polymers, so it was necessary to supplement DNA polymerase of denatured Escherichia coli at every denaturation. (intronbio.com)
Each separated DNA serves as a template and the denaturation temperature depends on the amount and length of G + C in the DNA. (intronbio.com)

There were precursory polymerases, such as that from E. coli, that lost their enzymatic activities at elevated temperatures. (the-scientist.com)
The process was still very inefficient and the polymerase from e.Coli had to be added again and again with each heating cycle because the it was not stable at high temperatures. (analytik-jena.com)
A novel approach for high-level expression and purification of GST-fused highly thermostable Taq DNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. (taq-polymerase.net)
It removes the E. coli-derived protein and DNA which can act as a contaminant in PCR, It is stable and efficient DNA amplification product. (intronbio.com)

Reverse transcription is the synthesis of a complementary DNA sequence from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase, which is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
The PCR consists of repetitive cycles of specific DNA synthesis, defined by short stretches of preselected DNA. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
In 1971, Gobind Khorana, a Nobel Prize winner for his part in the Genetic Code discovery, and his team of researchers started working on DNA repair synthesis. (news-medical.net)
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method of amplifying a desired DNA molecule in a test tube by specifically repeating synthesis of a specific DNA site. (intronbio.com)
Conventional solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides has intrinsic limitations and needs to use unstable unnatural phosphoramidites and a DNA synthesizer, so it does not meet the daily urgent requirement for a few UB-containing DNA oligonucleotides in the laboratory. (bvsalud.org)

Similarly, very little variability has been observed as a result of the variation between replication restriction digestions, PCR amplifications or between replicated DNA insulations. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)
The first DNA polymerase was identified by Arthur Kornberg in 1957 during his studies on the DNA replication mechanism. (news-medical.net)
TDNA Polymerase catalyzes the replication of Tphage DNA during infection. (samodelcin.ru)
DNA polymerase I participates in the DNA replication of prokaryotes. (samodelcin.ru)
PCR involves replication of a DNA template by a thermostable DNA polymerase. (sigmaaldrich.com)
High-fidelity PCR, utilizes a DNA polymerase with a low error rate and results in a high degree of accuracy in the replication of the DNA of interest. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Enzymatic polymerization and replication of these artificial polymers are obviously the prerequisite to make full use of them, and DNA and RNA polymerases from different families have thus been extensively engineered for these purposes. (bvsalud.org)

The alkaline lysis method selectively purifies plasmid DNA from other cellular components of the bacterial cells including chromosomal DNA. (laboratorynotes.com)
We have developed a general and simple method for directing specific sequence modifications in a plasmid using the amplification approved by the reaction of the polymerase chain (PCR). (taq-polymerase-dna.com)
execution and requires only minor amounts of plasmid model DNA. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)
DNA systematically amplified and a sensitivity analysis indicated that long PCR was about six orders of more sensitive size than the standard PCR in the rocky amplifier plasmid DNA in Genomic DNA of insects. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)

Usefulness of R72H PCR assay for differentiation between Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus species: validation by DNA-DNA hybridization. (cdc.gov)
Nine HPTs were genotyped in a collection of 90 geographically and temporally diverse B. pertussis strains using the polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction (PCR/LDR) assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Third, it increases the consistency of the PCR reactions, since the concentrations of the reagents are already optimized and the same for every reaction. (traxlabsystems.com)
Further experiments using various concentrations of unextracted urine to inhibit six different PCR reactions revealed that susceptibility to inhibition was highly variable between reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Saliva is one of the easiest samples to collect and handle, but the high concentrations of PCR (polymerase chain reaction inhibitors) in the sample make implementing highly sensitive and reliable saliva-based diagnostics difficult. (offshore-technology.com)
Methods: Eligible ALS cases had complete risk factor survey data, DNA analysis, and blood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). (cdc.gov)

The key principle of the Sanger method was the use of dideoxynucleotide triphosphates (ddNTPs) as DNA chain terminators. (michaelperes.com)

How is the amplification of a gene sample of interest carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)? (mcqexams.com)
Using a spiked alien molecule (as an internal positive control) or reference gene to assess inhibition relies on the fundamental assumption that any inhibitor present within the sample will have an equal effect on both PCR reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Sickle cell disease is an inherited genetic disorder, resulting from homozygous and compound heterozygote mutation in the β globin gene as a single base-pair point mutation (GAG to GTG) results in the substitution of glutamic acid (hydrophilic) to Valine (hydrophobic) in the 6th position of the β-chain of hemoglobin resulting in hemoglobin S formation [7]. (scirp.org)

This powerful polymerase mixture produces a high yield of PCR product from genomic DNA. (wazeesupperclub.com)
For high template quality, use Roche′s High Pure Template Preparation Kit to prepare genomic DNA template. (wazeesupperclub.com)
Genomic DNA, cDNA, etc. can be amplified up to 5 Kb. (intronbio.com)

We have modified the reaction conditions of the polymerase chain (PCR) for direct sequencing of the asymmetric PCR products DNA without intermediate purification using the TAQ DNA polymerase. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)
2010) Purification and characterization of a thermostable keratinolytic serine alkaline proteinase from Streptomyces sp. (scielo.br)

PCR is used to ensure consistent amplification of genomic targets using Taq DNA Polymerase. (novazym.pl)

The bases of each strand bind very specifically, A binds with T and C binds with G no other combination exists at least in DNA. (wikibooks.org)
Furthermore, double-strand DNA has relatively small grooves where damaging enzymes can't attach, making it more difficult for them to 'attack' the DNA. (wikibooks.org)
To each reaction is added only one of the four dideoxynucleotide (ddATP, ddGTP, ddCTP, ddTTP) which are the chain terminating nucleotides, lacking a 3'-OH group required for the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides,thus terminating DNA strand extension and resulting in DNA fragments of varying length. (michaelperes.com)

Bromophenol blue and Xylene cyanol are the two most commonly used tracking dyes for the analysis of DNA on agarose gel electrophoresis. (laboratorynotes.com)
Although the amplification product was not evident in agarose gel electrophoresis initially, Southern blotting confirmed the increase in quantity of the desired DNA segments. (news-medical.net)
Evaluate amplified DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis followed by ethidium bromide staining. (wazeesupperclub.com)
Total 20 ml reaction mixture was amplified using 1 unit of i-Taq™ DNA Polymerase and 5 ml was electrophoretically analyzed by agarose gel. (intronbio.com)

Contamination of reagents or specimens with target DNA from the environment must be avoided because such contamination can produce false-positive results. (medscape.com)
Long range PCR refers to the amplification of DNA targets over 5kb in length which typically cannot be amplified using routine PCR methods or reagents. (wazeesupperclub.com)

1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. (jenabioscience.com)
When copurified inhibitors were assessed using two different PCR reactions one reaction appeared to be inhibited whilst the other was not. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study we examine, using a model system, how a range of different reactions may be differentially affected by PCR inhibitors and discuss the implications of the unexpected findings. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we first explore the recognition of dNaM-dTPT3 by a family B DNA polymerase from bacteriophage, T4 DNA polymerase D219A. (bvsalud.org)

Able to withstand very high temperatures, ZiP-Taq is suitable for amplification of DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or thermocycling. (zipdiag.com)
The DNA polymerase from this bacterium, called the Taq Polymerase, could withstand very high temperatures, unlike other polymerases available at that point of time. (news-medical.net)
Another decisive factor leading to the breakthrough of the PCR was the use of thermostable DNA polymerases that can withstand temperatures of around 100 °C without denaturing. (analytik-jena.com)

By utilizing a secondary detection system in concert with the initial PCR reaction, perfect specificity can be assured. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
Reliable hot start Taq DNA Polymerase for sensitive detection of low abundance target DNA. (biosearchtech.com)
Optimised and flexible kits for and polymerase rapid isothermal amplification and detection of viral RNA, POC (lyo-compatible). (biosearchtech.com)

Each of the four bases on DNA, Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T) is bonded covalently to a deoxyribose sugar. (wikibooks.org)
Additionally the deoxyribose sugar in DNA is much less reactive than the ribose sugar in RNA . (wikibooks.org)

High fidelity DNA polymerase designed for accurate PCR amplification of DNA templates for general cloning and cDNA amplification applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The reaction conditions were optimized regarding to the components concentration and temperature cycle. (springeropen.com)

The use of inactivated DNA polymerase, which does not possess enzymatic activity under the conditions of preparation of the PCR mixture, leads to an increase in the specificity and sensitivity of the reaction. (belbiolab.ru)
The presence of dUTP in the reaction mixture leads to the fact that all amplification products will contain uracil. (belbiolab.ru)

Name the bacterium that yields a thermostable DNA polymerase. (mcqexams.com)

Genotyping of HBS1L-MYB (rs4895441 & rs9376090) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction technique using TaqMan probe. (scirp.org)

citation needed] The benefits of dPCR include increased precision through massive sample partitioning, which ensures reliable measurements in the desired DNA sequence due to reproducibility. (wikipedia.org)

4. Cap reaction tubes and load them into the thermal cycler. (alfa-chemistry.com)

Their position in relation to DNA fragments is an important information that helps to determine how far a gel must be run without accidentally letting the DNA fragments of interest run out of the gel and at the same time ensuring good resolution among different size DNA fragments. (laboratorynotes.com)
PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction is a technique to create several copies of a certain DNA fragments in vitro based on thermal cycles. (com.vn)
28. DNA containing target DNA fragments will be cloned in the reaction tube. (com.vn)
DNA fragments are cloned on demand. (com.vn)
The fragments in the four reactions are arranged side by side in gel electrophoresis for size separation. (michaelperes.com)
The newly synthesized and labelled DNA fragments are heat denatured , and separated by size by gel electrophoresis on a denaturing polyacrylamide-urea gel with each of the four reactions run in one of the four individual lanes(lanes A, T, G,C), the DNA bands are then visualized by autoradiography or UV light,and the DNA sequence can be directly read off the X-ray film or gel image. (michaelperes.com)

A combination of high reaction temperatures and 7-deep-2′-deoxyguanosine analog base was used to sequence G +-rich DNA and to resolve gel compressions. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)

Second, the user should consider the sensitivity and specificity of the mix, as well as the overall efficiency of the reaction. (traxlabsystems.com)
Our molecular biologists work to develop and formulate polymerases offering the highest specificity, fidelity and yield during PCR amplification. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Genes are small blocks of DNA that tell the cell which proteins it should create. (wikibooks.org)
On the other hand, enzymes are proteins which are synthesised from a small stretch of DNA known as 'genes', which are involved in the production of the polypeptide chain. (saralstudy.com)

s to be infected with Wolbachia, the standard PCR frequently produces false negatives, perhaps because the DNA of the host arthropod interferes with an amplification by the Taq DNA polymerase. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)

Instead of performing one reaction per well, dPCR involves partitioning the PCR solution into tens of thousands of nano-liter sized droplets, where a separate PCR reaction takes place in each one. (wikipedia.org)

It is the absence of this group that allows DNA to form its conventional double helix structure. (wikibooks.org)

1] The resultant complementary DNA is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (medscape.com)
It is a single standard DNA or RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule, which is complementary to the DNA in a clone of cells. (mcqexams.com)

Hudson is one of the leaders in research on glycosylation disorders, which are pathological conditions arising from errors in the attachment process of sugar chains, known as glycans, to proteins and lipids. (glycanage.com)
So glycosylation is the cellular metabolic process of adding sugar chains onto proteins or lipids. (glycanage.com)
DNA, RNA and proteins can be separated using this technique. (mcqexams.com)

It amplifies Long DNA products with high Accurate and Quick polymerization rate in DNA Polymerization Chain Reaction (PCR). (transcriptionfactor.org)

For example, if Sample A, when assayed in 1 million partitions, gives one positive reaction, it does not mean that the Sample A has one starting molecule. (wikipedia.org)
a) The cell must be made competent in biotechnology experiments because DNA being a hydrophilic molecule, cannot pass through cell membrane. (mcqexams.com)
Hence, the cell should be made competent to accept the DNA molecule. (mcqexams.com)

Six real-time PCR reactions were used in this study as detailed in Tables 1 and 2 . (biomedcentral.com)

In Polylox, random DNA recombination can be induced by transient activity of Cre recombinase in a 2.1-kb-long artificial recombination substrate that has been introduced into a defined locus in mice ( Rosa26Polylox reporter mice). (wazeesupperclub.com)
Methylation protects the DNA from the activity of restriction enzymes .These enzymes are present in prokaryotic cells where they help prevent the invasion of DNA by virus. (saralstudy.com)
The sensitivity activity of each batch of i-Taq™ DNA Polymerase was confirmed. (intronbio.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms19

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes66

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care7

Enzyme24

Amplify9

DNTPs6

Primers19

Thermus5

Nucleotide6

Recombinant7

Exonuclease activity2

Strands11

Pulsed-field gel elect1

Buffer5

Elongation3

Primer11

Double-stranded3

Direct hemolysin2

Sequences6

Molecules5

Fragment9

QPCR4

Uracil-DNA glycosy1

Nucleic acids3

Denaturation2

Coli4

Synthesis5

Replication7

Plasmid4

Assay2

Concentrations4

Triphosphates1

Gene3

Genomic DNA3

Purification2

Amplification of genomic1

Strand3

Agarose4

Reagents2

Inhibitors3

Bacteriophage1

Withstand3

Detection3

Deoxyribose2

CDNA1

Temperature1

Mixture2

Bacterium1

TaqMan1

Desired DNA sequence1

Thermal cycler1

Fragments6

Temperatures1

Specificity2

Genes2

Produces1

Involves1

Conventional1

Complementary2

Proteins3

Amplifies1

Molecule3

Real-tim1

Activity3