AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
ArgonAtmospheric PressureHigh Pressure Neurological SyndromeNoble GasesInert Gas NarcosisPlasma GasesAir PressureKryptonLung Volume MeasurementsPolyvinyl ChloridePneumoperitoneum, ArtificialGasesNeonOxygenBiolisticsAirFunctional Residual CapacityNitrogenFiresHydrostatic PressureSulfur HexafluorideHyperbaric OxygenationPressureCarbon DioxideTotal Lung CapacityLasers, GasIsotopesPlethysmographyNuclear FissionUrethaneAirway ObstructionIndicator Dilution TechniquesDivingPulmonary Gas ExchangeLasersHeliumLungXenonAdministration, InhalationAnesthesia, InhalationIntubation, IntratrachealPulmonary VentilationRespiratory Function TestsRespiratory MechanicsAnestheticsRespirationMetabolismGoldRespiration, ArtificialAnesthesiaTidal VolumePartial PressureTemperatureTime FactorsIschemic Preconditioning, MyocardialModels, BiologicalReference ValuesHot TemperatureGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryMitochondria, HeartAcetylcholineHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationReproducibility of ResultsDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Wistar
HydrogenRecycled HELIUM 20D outerSuperfluidArgonNitrogenInertVacuum VesselTemperaturesMethaneCryostatAtomsHeatStar'sNeutronOxygenCarbonDesorptionVaporsExperimentsOuterBayesianChemicalLiquidHighMeasurementsTemperatureEfficientlyCavityPlasmaEnergyPhasePulseDissertationSystemProcessesWhite-dwarfFlashOccurPanelsDensityTransportTreatmentEffectsPotential
Hydrogen13
  • The thermal conductivities of mixtures of helium with three hydrogen isotopes are reported at 77.6 and 283.2 K. Each system exhibits a negative "excess" thermal conductivity, which, with the single exception of helium + hydrogen deuteride at 283.2 K, can be predicted from the Hirschfelder-Eucken equation in conjunction with a realistic helium-hydrogen potential function. (rsc.org)
  • As has been asserted previously, the minima in the plots of thermal conductivity against composition for helium + hydrogen deuteride at 283.2 K, and helium + hydrogen at both temperatures, are not the product of any special cross-relaxation effects: they are due simply to the closeness of the pure component conductivities. (rsc.org)
  • Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Hydrogen - H 2 . (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • During a star's "normal life", hydrogen fuses into helium in the core . (syfy.com)
  • Typical plasma gases are argon, helium, nitrogen and hydrogen. (airproducts.com)
  • Hydrogen fusing in a shell above the star's core produces helium, which accumulates in a layer on the star's carbon core. (astronomy.com)
  • When the temperature rises high enough in the helium layer, it undergoes a flash of nuclear fusion, expanding the star some 5,000 times and extinguishing the outer hydrogen shell. (astronomy.com)
  • The team suggests the initial outburst of Sakurai's Object was not the star's helium flash itself, but the ignition of hydrogen fuel much closer to the surface preceding the true flash. (astronomy.com)
  • The hydrogen burns rapidly - there is very little of it to begin with - and causes a similar evolution as the helium flash, but much more rapid," Zijlstra said in an e-mail interview. (astronomy.com)
  • The idea behind it is simple: in the Sun, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms are continuously fused into helium nuclei. (lindau-nobel.org)
  • We're not changing over to the actual investigation object, a hydrogen plasma, until next year," explains project leader Prof. Thomas Klinger: "This is because it's easier to achieve the plasma state with helium. (lindau-nobel.org)
  • Hydrogen fusion will continue along a shell surrounding a helium core, which will steadily expand as more helium is produced. (motionographer.com)
  • Barber's work so far has focused on analyzing the thermal properties and the heat transfer potential of supercritical hydrogen, and exploring how this cryogen might improve the performance of the magnetic coils in fusion devices. (mit.edu)
Recycled HELIUM 20D outer1
  • Aimed at the weight conscious Alpinist and Mountaineer the Helium range uses lightweight 100% recycled HELIUM 20D outer with a PFC free water resistant treatment. (facewest.co.uk)
Superfluid9
  • The superfluid phase of helium-4, known as He~II, is predominantly used to cool low-temperature devices. (fsu.edu)
  • On September 10, 2019, graduate student Charles Brown successfully defended his thesis, "Optical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Superfluid Liquid Helium Drops Magnetically-Levitated in Vacuum" (advisor Jack Harris). (yale.edu)
  • Brown explained, "we use powerful magnetic fields to levitate drops of superfluid helium in vacuum, which allows the drops to efficiently cool themselves via evaporation to temperatures near absolute zero. (yale.edu)
  • Superfluid helium is a special material that has no internal friction (viscosity), and essentially does not absorb infrared or visible light. (yale.edu)
  • The unique properties of superfluid helium (zero viscosity, high structural and chemical purity and extremely low optical loss) addresses some of these requirements. (yale.edu)
  • To exploit the unique properties of superfluid helium we have constructed an optomechanical system consisting entirely of a magnetically levitated drop of superfluid helium in vacuum. (yale.edu)
  • In this dissertation we demonstrate the stable magnetic levitation of superfluid helium drops in vacuum, and present measurements of the drops' evaporation rates, temperatures, optical modes and surface vibrations. (yale.edu)
  • Studying the propagation of thermal waves in superfluid helium simplifies the process of locating the quench site by reducing the number of sensors. (cea.fr)
  • Local heating due to the phenomenon of quench generates a "second sound" thermal wave in the superfluid helium, which can be captured by OSTs (Oscillating Superleak Transducers). (cea.fr)
Argon3
  • Helium, N2, and Argon are used as carrier gases. (globenewswire.com)
  • Here we use Bayesian statistical analysis and inverse thermal history modelling of feldspar argon-argon and zircon uranium-thorium/helium ages to investigate resurgence after the 74-thousand-year-old Youngest Toba Tuff eruption. (nature.com)
  • Liquid samples are reduced to small droplets in an argon aerosol via a nebulizer, and then the droplets enter the ICP where the thermal energy atomizes the sample and then ionizes the atoms. (cdc.gov)
Nitrogen6
Inert5
  • Since helium is inert and neutral, it can be used to study delicate and insulating surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we design supramolecular nanoribbons that contain: (1) inert and stable internal domains, and (2) sacrificial surface groups that are thermally labile, and we demonstrate complete thermal decomposition of the nanoribbon surfaces. (nature.com)
  • Helium is an inert gas , so it will generally not chemically react with any material. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mobile phase for gas chromatography is a carrier gas, typically helium due to its low molecular weight and being chemically inert. (globenewswire.com)
  • The helium takes far higher pressures and temperatures to fuse, so it builds up in the center, inert. (syfy.com)
Vacuum Vessel2
  • A view of the thermal shield system that will protect the vacuum vessel. (iter.org)
  • After pumping helium gas into the vacuum vessel of the large experiment, and cooling the magnetic coils to a superconductive state, they were able to heat the helium to about 10 million degrees centigrade, producing - and containing - helium plasma for one tenth of a second. (lindau-nobel.org)
Temperatures3
  • We report thermal conductivity measurements for normal phase liquid He-3 inside 98 and 95% aerogels at dilution refrigerator temperatures (5 to 50 mK). (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Vibrating wire thermometry is used to measure the helium temperatures. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • We have much evidence of widely fluctuating average surface temperatures for the Earth, from a possibly hot Archaean eon, several local temperature maximums including the end of the "Snowball Earth", the Permian/Triassic extinction, and the Eocene thermal maximum. (centauri-dreams.org)
Methane1
Cryostat1
  • First position independent helium cryostat (e.g. for sensor cooling) made of GRP, with exhaust gas cooled radiation shield instead of a LN 2 reservoir. (ilkdresden.de)
Atoms1
  • The scanning helium microscope (SHeM) is a novel form of microscopy that uses low-energy (5-100 meV) neutral helium atoms to image the surface of a sample without any damage to the sample caused by the imaging process. (wikipedia.org)
Heat10
  • That heat goes into the helium shell, which responds by fusing faster, and eventually a tipping point is reached. (syfy.com)
  • 0.1 W standby heat load corresponds to 3 liter helium a day. (ilkdresden.de)
  • The thermal shields, a key component for the successful operation of ITER, minimize the heat loads transferred by thermal radiation and conduction from the warm components inside the tokamak to the components and structures that operate at 4.5 K. The shields themselves will operate at approximately 80 K. (iter.org)
  • The other end is in an open volume of helium which is heat sunk to the refrigerator. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • But not even this experiment is anywhere close to producing energy, on the contrary, it requires a lot of energy to heat helium plasma to about 100 million degrees centigrate, and to cool and power the superconductive magnetic coils to contain the plasma. (lindau-nobel.org)
  • With LTS you were restricted to helium, which has limited thermal properties and ability to transfer heat from the magnetic coils. (mit.edu)
  • Fourth, empirical heat transfer correlations for spray cooling of a surface were used to estimate the efficiencies of surface cooling by thermal agents. (nist.gov)
  • For example, a welding leak test can deploy a helium leak test on a heat exchanger to verify the leakage rate across the tube-to-tube sheet welds, as well as determine if there is leakage in a tube itself. (applus.com)
  • Our prime motivation here is thermal interaction between fluids and structures, also called conjugate heat transfer. (lu.se)
  • Pulsed lasers, by virtue of the extremely brief periods with which they interact with tissue, cause less thermal damage, because the heat is not as readily absorbed into the surrounding areas. (medscape.com)
Star's1
  • A star's thermal pulses may occur just 10,000 years apart. (astronomy.com)
Neutron2
  • [12] Additionally, exposing helium to neutron radiation does not make it radioactive, [13] unlike most other possible coolants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fusion of deuterium with tritium creates helium-4, freeing a neutron and releasing thermal energy in the process. (lindau-nobel.org)
Oxygen2
Carbon2
  • The hydrocarbons are extracted from the tubes by thermal desorption or with a liquid solvent such as carbon disulfide and analyzed on the gas chromatograph. (cdc.gov)
  • Once the core temperature reaches around 100 million kelvin, helium fusion at the core will begin producing carbon, and the Sun will enter the asymptotic giant branch phase. (motionographer.com)
Desorption2
  • The desorption kinetics of helium films is explored in the context of a phenomenological model wherein the film is assumed to have the thermodynamic properties of bulk liquid and the vapor is described by simple kinetic theory. (caltech.edu)
  • A Tenax-TA sorbent trap has been used with subsequent thermal desorption (Andrasko 1983). (cdc.gov)
Vapors1
  • Helium is preferred for thermal conductivity detectors owing to its high thermal conductivity relative to that of most organic vapors. (globenewswire.com)
Experiments1
  • Experiments with levitated helium drops may also be useful for addressing outstanding problems in classical and quantum fluid dynamics (e.g., the equilibrium shape of a rotating liquid drop, or quantum turbulence in an isolated liquid). (yale.edu)
Outer2
  • As a red giant star evolves, it undergoes thermal pulses that eject its outer layers. (astronomy.com)
  • 41] Following the red giant phase, intense thermal pulsations will cause the Sun to throw off its outer layers, forming a planetary nebula. (motionographer.com)
Bayesian3
  • Bayesian modeling of collisional-radiative models applicable to thermal helium beam plasma diagnostics. (mpg.de)
  • Bayesian forward modeling of the helium beam diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X and its associated model uncertainties. (mpg.de)
  • Investigations into Helium Beam Atomic Model Uncertainties via Bayesian Inference Methods. (mpg.de)
Chemical3
  • Chemical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Helium - He . (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • Third, detailed chemical-kinetic modeling and experimental studies of extinguishing volume fractions in simple flame systems were employed to improve the understanding of the effects of thermal agents on diffusion flames. (nist.gov)
  • Laser light interacts with tissue to cause thermal, chemical, or mechanical effects. (medscape.com)
Liquid3
  • Thermal conductivity of normal liquid He-3 in aerogel. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • The thermal energy from the source would then boil the liquid, sending it back up to the top as vapor, providing a passive means of cooling a given component. (mit.edu)
  • Elementary excitations in helium liquid. (unict.it)
High1
  • While a tank of helium, tubing, high voltage power supplies, and the smell of smoke may not be appropriate for every living room, this was absolutely the best thing I experienced at the show! (benchmarkmedia.com)
Measurements2
  • The thermal conductivity measurements show clearly the effects of quasiparticle-"impurity" scattering, from which values of the mean free path are derived. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • During these measurements, the travel time of the thermal wave was as predicted at all power levels. (cea.fr)
Temperature2
  • The physics of thin shell helium fusion is such that the rate of fusion is ridiculously sensitive to temperature - it literally goes as the 40th power of temperature! (syfy.com)
  • If the temperature goes up by, say, 20%, the rate of fusion in the helium shell will increase by well over a factor of a thousand! (syfy.com)
Efficiently1
  • The Mountain Equipment Helium 400 is efficiently sized, supremely comfortable and low weight, this all round performance bag is perfect for backpackers and trekkers. (tauntonleisure.com)
Cavity1
  • It therefore appears that other aspects of quench dynamics need to be considered to understand precisely the phenomena at work at the niobium/helium interface and explain the travel times measured in the cavity tests. (cea.fr)
Plasma5
  • Sound is emitted directly from the thermal expansion and contraction of an electrically sustained plasma. (benchmarkmedia.com)
  • The plasma is generated within a stream of helium gas. (benchmarkmedia.com)
  • Thermal radiation to the superconducting magnets confining the plasma is further reduced by providing a 5 μm thick, low emissivity silver coating on both sides of the shield plates. (iter.org)
  • We're starting with a plasma produced from the noble gas helium. (lindau-nobel.org)
  • Corrigendum to "Tritium retention in w plasma-facing materials: Impact of the material structure and helium irradiation" [Nucl. (cnrs-orleans.fr)
Energy4
  • Even if the star itself lacks the pressure to continue to fuse helium, the energy radiating upward from that core is so huge it can ignite helium fusion around it. (syfy.com)
  • This is called a thermal pulse , and the name is pretty mundane compared to the mind-numbing amounts of energy it dumps into the star. (syfy.com)
  • Utilization of other energy-related gases such as helium (He), if separated and concentrated. (usgs.gov)
  • When detecting arsenic, the UCT is filled with helium gas and operated in a kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode to eliminate polyatomic interferences. (cdc.gov)
Phase2
  • We expected the star to remain in this phase until the helium burning turned off," Albert Zijlstra, an astronomer at England's University of Manchester, told Astronomy . (astronomy.com)
  • The hypotheses being studied are: a large quench area (several square centimeters) rather than a number of small ones, or a change of phase, or even boiling of the helium near the quench location, which would mean that the thermal wave would no longer be purely a "second sound" wave. (cea.fr)
Pulse3
  • This final thermal pulse may eject a new, asymmetrical planetary nebula. (astronomy.com)
  • Some stars erupt in one final thermal pulse before consigning themselves to white-dwarf oblivion. (astronomy.com)
  • All stars between 0.8 and 8 solar masses make planetary nebulae, and perhaps as many as 25 percent erupt in a final thermal pulse after they've begun their journey down what astronomers call the "white-dwarf cooling track. (astronomy.com)
Dissertation1
  • His dissertation was "A Method for Suppression of the Thermal Instability in Helium Shell Burning Stars. (princeton.edu)
System4
  • ITER Director-General Kaname Ikeda and Kijung Jung, Head of the Korean Domestic Agency after signing the Procurement Arrangement for ITER's thermal shield system. (iter.org)
  • On Monday, 17 May, Procurement Arrangement #44 for ITER's thermal shield system was signed between the ITER Organization and the Korean Domestic Agency. (iter.org)
  • The thermal shield system is made of single-wall stainless steel panels with the cooling pipes welded to the panels. (iter.org)
  • Then we show that these post-caldera eruptions sampled the cold "halo" of a long-lived warm magma system and erupted under subsolidus conditions without thermal remobilization. (nature.com)
Processes1
  • Thermal spraying processes - a guide to best practice. (twi-global.com)
White-dwarf1
  • Most of stellar evolution doesn't occur on a human time scale, but as stars like the Sun evolve from red giant to white dwarf, they undergo a series of thermal pulses. (astronomy.com)
Flash2
  • A direct method for measuring the relaxation time of monolayer helium films flash desorbed from evaporated metal-film substrates is described and used to test the model. (caltech.edu)
  • The astronomers believe the final helium flash already has started deep within the star. (astronomy.com)
Occur1
  • The thermal effects of laser, which occur at 60-65ºC, are the most commonly used. (medscape.com)
Panels1
  • The panels are cooled by 1.8 MPa pressurized helium gas supplied by the cryoplant. (iter.org)
Density1
  • An apparatus has been developed that enables application of flow visualization using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) in conjunction with second sound attenuation, a mature technique for measuring quantized vortex line density, to both thermal counterflow and mechanically-driven towed-grid turbulence in He~II. (fsu.edu)
Transport1
  • All we did was offset electricity by thermal transport. (mit.edu)
Treatment1
  • The only common feature of these techniques is that cannabis is subjected to a thermal treatment. (who.int)
Effects1
  • The thermal effects of laser cutting, coagulation, and vaporization are made use of in the majority of laser applications at settings of 25 to 100 watts. (medscape.com)
Potential1
  • Four distinct aspects related to the effectiveness of potential thermal agents have been considered. (nist.gov)