StreptococcusVaccinesVaccinationPolysaccharideBacteremiaPPSV23Cases of pneumococcalPCV13MeningitisImmunizationPneumoniaeSerotypesPneumonia is the most commonPneumococcusRespiratory tract infAcutePenicillinSevereAntibiotic therapyAdultsDiseaseStrainsOtitis mediaViralDiagnosisImmunosuppressive therapyLower respiratory tracIncidenceChronicVaccinationsPrevalenceSusceptibilityUpper respiratorComplicationsAntibioticsDiseasesSepsisNormally sterile sitesHospitalizationPatientsImmunePreventionIllnessesDoseSickle
Streptococcus11
- Pneumococcal infections are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a lancet-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-negative facultative anaerobe commonly referred to as pneumococcus. (medscape.com)
- We analysed the incidence of serious infections in a cohort of SLE patients, focussing on Streptococcus pneumoniae. (nih.gov)
- This statement provides guidelines for therapy of children with serious infections possibly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. (elsevierpure.com)
- Pneumococcal infections are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium. (cdc.gov)
- streptococcus pneumoniae causes 5% of all cases of septic arthritis and is more often responsible for polyarticular infections than other organisms. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Pneumococcus, also known as Streptococcus pneumoniae, causes pneumococcal disease. (medicalchannelasia.com)
- KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that the European Medicines Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended the approval of VAXNEUVANCE™ (Pneumococcal 15-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in individuals 18 years of age and older. (merck.com)
- The global prevalence of pneumococcal disease, an infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae , is evolving. (merck.com)
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is an infection confirmed by the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site, while non-invasive pneumococcal disease includes sinusitis, mastoiditis, acute otitis media, and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). (biomedcentral.com)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae ) OR ( S. pneumoniae ) OR pneumococcal OR pneumococcus) AND (polymorphisms OR polymorphism OR (genetic variant) OR (genetic variants) OR (genetic association study) OR (single nucleotide polymorphism) OR (single nucleotide polymorphisms) OR SNP OR SNPs OR genotype OR genotypes) without language restrictions and with search date cut offs between Jan 1, 1983 and Jul 4, 2018. (biomedcentral.com)
- Ciprofloxacin, the first fluoroquinolone to be used to treat lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), demonstrates poor potency against Streptococcus pneumoniae, and its use was associated with the emergence of resistance. (wustl.edu)
Vaccines21
- Vaccines can prevent pneumococcal infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- Learn more below about which pneumococcal vaccines CDC recommends by age group and risk condition. (cdc.gov)
- For these children, their pneumococcal vaccines are complete. (cdc.gov)
- Yes: No pneumococcal vaccines are recommended at this time. (cdc.gov)
- This report compiles and summarizes all published recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged ≥19 years in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- In 2021, two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), a 15-valent and a 20-valent PCV (PCV15 and PCV20), were licensed for use in U.S. adults aged ≥18 years by the Food and Drug Administration. (cdc.gov)
- During 2018-2019, approximately 60%-75% of all IPD in adults was caused by the 24 pneumococcal serotypes that were included in the formulations of commercially available polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV) or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) vaccines (i.e. (cdc.gov)
- Current pneumococcal vaccines use the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides as antigens to generate serotype-specific antibodies, which facilitate serotype-specific clearance of pneumococci through opsonophagocytosis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- For instance, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is one of the funding bodies that aims at addressing the problem of neonatal pneumococcal disease and promotes development of new vaccines. (grandviewresearch.com)
- "Needle-free injection therapy systems provide enhancing technologies for vaccines and we are confident that Vical's pDNA vaccine clinical trial will reaffirm the significant benefits of Bioject's needle-free injection therapy systems," Bioject executive vice president and chief medical officer Richard Stout said. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
- VACCINATION: Offer vaccinations for infections for which effective vaccines exist, such as hepatitis A, B, tetanus and influenza. (europa.eu)
- Research showed the historical effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on infections in children with sickle cell disease. (docwirenews.com)
- The CDC recommends you get the influenza , shingles , and pneumococcal vaccines after a multiple myeloma diagnosis to give you the best protection against deadly infections. (webmd.com)
- What are the types of Pneumococcal Vaccines available? (medicalchannelasia.com)
- The vaccines induce production of antibodies by the immune system, thereby protecting against disease should there be subsequent infection with Pneumococcus. (medicalchannelasia.com)
- Pneumococcal vaccines: (PCV13) and (PPSV23) to protect against infections like pneumonia. (essayance.com)
- General: Patients who are immunocompromised or on immunosuppressive therapy might not mount the same protective immune response to vaccines as those with intact immune systems. (essayance.com)
- GlobalData believes these latest developments will increase the already fierce competition between Pfizer and Merck as both companies attempt to reach the market first with their latest pneumococcal vaccines. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- GlobalData expects that although Merck's V114 may beat Pfizer's 20vPnC to market, and currently looks posed to be a strong future player in the lucrative infant population based on its inclusion of the 22F and 33F serotypes, that broader overall serotype coverage of 20vPnC combined with Pfizer's extensive experience and strong reputation in the pneumococcal vaccines space will result in stiff competition. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- World Pneumonia Day 2018: Pfizer's Future in the Pneumococcal Vaccines Space Looks Bright, November 2018, GDHC2111EI. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- IBD patients during the immunosuppressive therapy will only be inoculated with inactivated vaccines. (medscape.com)
Vaccination11
- Pneumococcus pneumoniae has been identified as a relatively frequent cause of serious infections in SLE and vaccination against this pathogen is possible. (nih.gov)
- This report contains updated information regarding a) antimicrobial resistance among pneumococci, b) vaccine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, c) indications for vaccination, d) guidelines for revaccination, e) strategies for improving delivery of vaccine, and f) development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- Additionally, the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccination in 1977 further decreased the incidence of infection. (wikipedia.org)
- The interventions proposed range from the supply of injection equipment, testing and vaccination to the treatment of infections and drug dependence. (europa.eu)
- Our aim was to evaluate the immunogenicity of pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in patients with IBD receiving different treatment. (ecco-ibd.eu)
- We searched four databases for studies evaluating seroprotection and seroconversion rates after influenza or pneumococcal vaccination in IBD. (ecco-ibd.eu)
- Globally, pneumococcal vaccination has been routinely incorporated into childhood immunisation schedules. (medicalchannelasia.com)
- HPV vaccination might be of particular importance as immunocompromised individuals can be at a higher risk of persistent HPV infections and associated cancers. (essayance.com)
- Immunocompromised seniors might benefit from additional doses or more frequent pneumococcal vaccination to ensure protection against pneumonia. (essayance.com)
- This change is being proposed because only 5% of pneumococcal infections in this population are caused by Prevnar 13 serotypes due to the herd immunity resulting from pediatric vaccination. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Inactive vaccination such as pneumococcal vaccine is crucial and is a standard immunization in all these IBD patients. (medscape.com)
Polysaccharide7
- This report updates the last recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) concerning pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MMWR 1989;38:64-8,73-6). (cdc.gov)
- The focus of this report is the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (i.e., bacteremia, meningitis, or infection of other normally sterile sites) through the use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- Before 2021, ACIP recommended 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) alone (up to 2 doses), or both a single dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in combination with 1-3 doses of PPSV23 in series (PCV13 followed by PPSV23), for use in U.S. adults depending on age and underlying risk for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
- Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) for detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens in pleural fluid effusion samples. (scielo.br)
- Comparison with bacterial culture, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) for detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens in pleural fluid effusion samples. (scielo.br)
- The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) has been recommended to risk-groups and adults aged ≥65 years since 1996. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is the only currently available preventive measure. (nationalacademies.org)
Bacteremia5
- Each year in the United States, pneumococcal disease accounts for an estimated 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, 500,000 cases of pneumonia, and 7 million cases of otitis media (1-4). (cdc.gov)
- 10 , 52 Pneumococcal bacteremia, which is more easily proven than pneumococcal pneumonia, occurs in up to one-quarter of cases of pneumococcal pneumonia. (nationalacademies.org)
- Population-based studies have shown that the elderly sustain the highest pneumococcal bacteremia rates of any population group-50 per 100,000 persons over the age of 65, 36 , 37 which is more than three times greater than the rates for younger persons. (nationalacademies.org)
- 26 , 32 Although pneumococcal pneumonia does not result in permanent lung damage, complications from bacteremia and meningitis are common and can damage other organ systems. (nationalacademies.org)
- Death rates from pneumococcal bacteremia range from 20 to 80 percent, increasing with age and complications. (nationalacademies.org)
PPSV232
- In addition, ACIP recommends use of either a single dose of PCV20 or ≥1 dose of PPSV23 for adults who have started their pneumococcal vaccine series with PCV13 but have not received all recommended PPSV23 doses. (cdc.gov)
- PCV13 vaccine protects against 13 pneumococcal bacteria strains that most commonly cause pneumococcal disease, while the PPSV23 protects against 23 strains. (medicalchannelasia.com)
Cases of pneumococcal3
- Only about 300 cases of pneumococcal arthritis have been reported in the literature since 1888 and less than 10% of these affect the wrist . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Although there appears to be a rise in CAP caused by non-PCV13 serotypes, the message in terms of management is that penicillin can be used to treat more than 98% of cases of pneumococcal CAP in hospitalized children, said Dr. Kaplan. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
- It is indicated, however, in cases of pneumococcal or staphylococcal infection as those bacteria can be resistant to standard antibiotic treatment. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
PCV133
- Speaking about CAP at sessions on Saturday, October 24 and Sunday, October 25, Dr Kaplan noted that in the United States, the prevalence of pneumococcal isolates among children hospitalized for CAP declined following introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and fell further after implementation of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). (contemporarypediatrics.com)
- 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is a licenced product, procured by the Gambia Government EPI, delivered in two schedules, one with doses scheduled at ages 6, 10 and 14 weeks (3+0 schedule) and the other with doses scheduled at ages 6 weeks and 9 months (1+1 schedule). (who.int)
- The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the childhood immunization program in July 2006, and was replaced by the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) in 2011. (biomedcentral.com)
Meningitis4
- Earlier studies suggest that dexamethasone improved the outcome of adults with pneumococcal meningitis. (wikipedia.org)
- For empirical therapy of bacterial meningitis, i.v. vancomycin is usually combined with i.v. ceftriaxone/cefotaxime. (pharmacy180.com)
- The inner ear has connections with the brain, through which the infection may spread, causing (Pneumococcal) meningitis. (medicalchannelasia.com)
- and meningitis (infection of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord), as well as non-invasive pneumonia (when pneumococcal disease is confined to the lungs). (merck.com)
Immunization2
- With socioeconomic improvement and the introduction of mass infant immunization during the 1940s and 1950s, there was a marked reduction in the incidence of infection in Europe [ Reference Galazka and Robertson 1 , 2 ]. (cambridge.org)
- However," he noted, "the efficacy of immunization in patients with IBD requiring immunosuppressive therapies has been a concern, and additional studies are needed. (medscape.com)
Pneumoniae4
- Clinical signs and symptoms and physical examination findings alone cannot distinguish S pneumoniae disease from infections caused by other pathogens. (medscape.com)
- S. pneumoniae accounted for 11/132 (8.3%) serious infection episodes and eight of 11 episodes were invasive. (nih.gov)
- However, in severe cases of nursing home-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization and mechanical ventilation, the rates of infection with Staphylococcus aureus and enteric gram-negative organisms appear to exceed those of S. pneumoniae . (aafp.org)
- If fluoroquinolone therapy is required, the preferential use of fluoroquinolones with enhanced pneumococcal activity to treat pneumococcal infections may slow the emergence of resistance in S. pneumoniae. (wustl.edu)
Serotypes2
- At least 100 pneumococcal serotypes were documented as of 2020 ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- Serotypes 22F and 33F are two of the most prevalent serotypes in infant infections, and they are not covered by Prevnar 13. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Pneumonia is the most common2
- In adults, pneumococcal pneumonia is the most common type of pneumococcal disease, and pneumococcus is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia that results in hospitalization ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- Pneumococcal pneumonia is the most common form of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly, accounting for up to 60 percent of cases 14 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 52 and for up to 20 percent of nosocomial pneumonias. (nationalacademies.org)
Pneumococcus1
- Pneumococcus can colonize the upper respiratory tract, most commonly in young children, and is transmitted to others through contact with respiratory droplets from a person with pneumococcal colonization in the upper respiratory tract ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Respiratory tract inf4
- Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection may also be present. (mims.com)
- While often used as a synonym for pneumonia , the rubric of lower respiratory tract infection can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess , acute bronchitis , and emphysema . (bionity.com)
- Since 1993 there has been a slight reduction in the total number of deaths from lower respiratory tract infection. (bionity.com)
- The proportion of prescriptions for respiratory tract infection that were for fluoroquinolones increased from 5.9% to 10.7%, but the distribution changed: the proportion of prescriptions for ciprofloxacin decreased from 5.3% to 0.5%, and those for levofloxacin or moxifloxacin increased from 1.5% in 1999 to 5.9% in 2009. (wustl.edu)
Acute10
- Supportive therapy may also include pulmonary rehabilitation to maintain muscle strength and tone, vaccinations to prevent influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia, and antibiotics for acute infections. (cdc.gov)
- During the spring of 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus of swine origin caused human infection and acute respiratory illness in Mexico. (who.int)
- Otitis media is a general term used to describe inflammation of the middle ear which may be caused by an acute infection. (mims.com)
- There are a number of acute and chronic infections that can affect the lower respiratory tract, the focus of this paper is to look at the two most common infections, Bronchitis and Pneumonia, as identified by the Therapeutic guidelines. (bionity.com)
- Acute bronchitis can be defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease. (bionity.com)
- Pathological inflammation is worsened by chronic bacterial lung infections and susceptibility to recurrent acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), typically caused by viral and/or bacterial respiratory pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
- This underlying chronic infection leaves COPD patients particularly vulnerable to acute viral infections, which further destabilize host immunity to bacteria. (frontiersin.org)
- Another major consequence of susceptibility to infection is that people with underlying severe disease frequently develop acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). (frontiersin.org)
- A dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) for pneumococcal antigen detection was standardized in view of the need for a rapid and accurate immunodiagnosis of acute pneumococcal pneumonia. (scielo.br)
- Current research interests include studies evaluating the contribution of HIV-1 specific antibody responses in acquistion of HIV-1 and control of acute HIV infection in high risk men who have sex with men. (imperial.ac.uk)
Penicillin9
- Resistance of invasive pneumococcal strains to penicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone has increased over the past few years. (elsevierpure.com)
- Pneumonia and endocarditis are usually treated with beta-lactam therapy penicillin, which has been said to be the most effective but sources have said that some bacterial strains are resistant to penicillin. (wikipedia.org)
- With penicillin therapy and drainage of the purulent joint fluid (by needle aspiration in four and surgical drainage in seven), the function of the involved joint returned to normal or to the previous baseline level in all but one patient. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Treatment of mild to moderate infections associated with micro-organisms whose susceptibility to penicillin is within the range of serum levels attained with the dosage form. (medscape.co.uk)
- Systemic use (500 mg 6 hourly or 1 g 12 hourly infused i.v. over 1 hr) is restricted to serious MRSA infections for which it is the most effective drug, and as a penicillin substitute (in allergic patients) for enterococcal endocarditis along with gentamicin. (pharmacy180.com)
- Penicillin-resistant pneumococcal infections and infection caused by diphtheroids respond very well to vancomycin. (pharmacy180.com)
- MRSA and penicillin resistant streptococcal infections, osteomyelitis, as alternative to vancomycin. (pharmacy180.com)
- To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of penicillin V potassium and other antibacterial drugs, penicillin V potassium should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
- Penicillin V potassium tablets are indicated in the treatment of mild to moderately severe infections due to penicillin G-sensitive microorganisms. (nih.gov)
Severe9
- Pneumococcal infections can be mild or severe. (medlineplus.gov)
- Severe pneumococcal infections result from dissemination of bacteria to the bloodstream and the central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
- For nonmeningeal infections, modifications of the initial therapy need to be considered only for patients who are critically ill and those who have a severe underlying or potentially immunocompromising condition or patients from whom a highly resistant strain is isolated. (elsevierpure.com)
- Splenectomy is also indicated for the treatment of chronic, severe hypersplenism refractory to upfront medical therapy. (medscape.com)
- Mouth anticoagulant therapy may be regarded in sufferers with IPAH, HPAH and anorexigen-induced PAH.19 Calcium-channel blockers are recommended only in cases of PAH using a positive severe vasoreactivity test. (woofahs.com)
- An unlicensed dose of 1g every 6 hours may be suitable in severe infections. (medscape.co.uk)
- severe infection 400 mg × 3 doses 12 hourly-then 400 mg daily. (pharmacy180.com)
- These conditions can further strain the respiratory system and increase the likelihood of respiratory infections, leading to more frequent and severe exacerbations. (healthcareoriginals.com)
- These patients with moderate to severe IBD are usually treated with immunomodulators and/or biologic agents, resulting in increased risk of infections, including bacterial pneumonia. (medscape.com)
Antibiotic therapy6
- Moreover, we find that the selective pressure from antibiotics arises not so much from the rate of antibiotic use per se but from the frequency of treatment: frequent antibiotic therapy disproportionately impacts the fitness of sensitive strains. (nih.gov)
- During the 6 months preceding illness onset, 43 (34.4%) patients with invasive disease had been hospitalized, and 54 (43.2%) had received antibiotic therapy. (cdc.gov)
- 6] Most often it is caused by viral infection and hence antibiotic therapy is not indicated in immunocompetent individuals. (bionity.com)
- Although, the recommendation is based on low-quality evidence and is controversial because the positive culture rate is only about 7% to 10%, Dr Kaplan said that positive results are important for guiding antibiotic therapy and providing epidemiologic data. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
- Antibiotic therapy for nursing home-acquired pneumonia should target a broad range of organisms, and drug-resistant microbes should be considered when making treatment decisions. (aafp.org)
- Risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens include antibiotic therapy within the preceding 90 days, a high incidence of antibiotic resistance in the community or facility, chronic hemodialysis, and immunosuppression. (aafp.org)
Adults4
- This report summarizes surveillance findings from NYCDOH's data for 1995, which indicate that the highest case rates were among children aged less than 4 years and that, among adults aged 20-44 years with PNSP infections, 71.4% also were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
- Overview of Drug Therapy in Older Adults Prevalence of prescription drug use increases substantially with age. (msdmanuals.com)
- While healthy adults can suffer from pneumococcal disease, patient populations particularly vulnerable to infection include older adults such as those 65 years of age and older, people with HIV, and those with certain chronic health conditions. (merck.com)
- However, Pfizer also has a late-stage, 20-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, 20vPnC, which has also received FDA breakthrough therapy designation in adults. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Disease30
- This vaccine protects against invasive bacteremic disease, although existing data suggest that it is less effective in protecting against other types of pneumococcal infections. (cdc.gov)
- Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease are exceptionally high among Alaskan Natives and American Indians. (cdc.gov)
- Certain persons with pneumococcal colonization might develop invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- However, they do need regular exams to detect early signs of disease, as well as early and aggressive treatment of respiratory infections. (cdc.gov)
- Unfortunately, lifelong therapy is usually required, since the disease recrudesces with reduction of the corticosteroid dose. (cdc.gov)
- As with chronic lung disease of other etiologies, one should evaluate for bacterial respiratory infections and should treat infections promptly with antibiotics when indicated, especially for those on immunosuppressive therapy. (cdc.gov)
- Increasing incidence of pneumococcal disease is a high impact rendering driver. (grandviewresearch.com)
- In addition, the high clinical urgency to adopt systems for efficient management, vital in reducing complications, consequentially drives the demand for oxygen therapy to counter pneumococcal disease. (grandviewresearch.com)
- Background and Objectives: Although it is believed that measles infections are under control, there is a global reappearance, and their treatment has become more complex as the disease is followed by a relatively high incidence of complications. (bvsalud.org)
- Launching the report during a meeting of infectious disease experts in Lisbon today, the two agencies aim to support countries across Europe in their efforts to reduce infection risks. (europa.eu)
- Medications intravenous antimicrobial therapy in patients with inflammatory disease. (albionfoundation.org)
- At least 90% of the strains that cause invasive disease are present in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk for infection. (ecco-ibd.eu)
- A FDA Advisory Committee endorsed the safety of exa-cel, a genetic therapy with the potential to cure sickle cell disease. (docwirenews.com)
- Stem cell gene therapy showed potential as a curative approach for the hereditary blood disorder sickle cell disease. (docwirenews.com)
- The pneumococcal vaccine lowers the risk of being infected with pneumococcal disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. (medicalchannelasia.com)
- and emerging diseases necessitate the ongoing assessment of vaccine development priorities (e.g., pneumococcal disease in children, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] pneumonia, malaria). (cdc.gov)
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and sepsis are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide with about 2 million deaths each year [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pneumococcal disease has long been recognized as an important risk factor for the elderly. (nationalacademies.org)
- Dyspnea Cor pulmonale Respiratory failure Pneumothorax Bronchiectasis: recurrent bouts of bronchitis Decreased quality of life and functional status Decreased independence due to difficulty breathing and increased oxygen demands resulting in fatigue Assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) as disease progresses Pneumonia, overwhelming respiratory infection. (lifenurses.com)
- Because most COPD patients receive outpatient treatment, they need comprehensive patient teaching to help them comply with therapy and understand the nature of this chronic, progressive disease. (lifenurses.com)
- We provide a systemic overview of genetic variants associated with susceptibility, phenotype and outcome of community acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). (biomedcentral.com)
- We identified five studies with a hypothesis free approach of which one resulted in one genome wide significant association in a gene coding for lincRNA with pneumococcal disease susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
- Studies have identified several host genetics factors influencing risk of pneumococcal disease, but many result in non-reproducible findings due to methodological limitations. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the past 20 years several genetic association studies investigated host genetics in relation to susceptibility and outcome of pneumococcal disease, sometimes showing conflicting results. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we systematically review these studies, perform a meta-analysis and discuss the potential of these findings for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of pneumococcal disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- On 30 January, Merck & Co's V114 (15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) received breakthrough therapy designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants, children and adolescents. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- We also focus on defects in B cell memory may underlie the risks of invasive bacterial disease and impaired bacterial vaccine responses in HIV-1 infection. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Although patients with IBD as a whole can obtain good immunogenicity that meets the EMA (European Medicines Agency) criteria, this study has shown that it is difficult to obtain immunogenicity in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, especially those receiving IFX (infliximab), even with a QIV," Dr. Shimpei Shirai of Saga University in Saga City, Japan, and co-authors write in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, online March 9. (medscape.com)
Strains2
- Increase in number of resistant strains and high rate of mortality & morbidity associated with pneumococcal infection have led to increased preference for prevention therapy. (grandviewresearch.com)
- Concern about the rising prevalence of resistant pneumococcal strains is increasing, but the clinical relevance is uncertain. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
Otitis media1
- and c) upper respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and sinusitis. (cdc.gov)
Viral9
- Antibiotics are often thought to be the first line treatment in lower respiratory tract infections however as discussed later these are not indicated in viral infections. (bionity.com)
- 7-9] There are no effective therapies for viral bronchitis. (bionity.com)
- An inhaled immune system stimulant has been found to protect mice against pneumococcal pneumonia and other bacterial, viral and fungal lung infections. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
- The new guidelines also suggest that patients with their infections "under control" no longer need quarterly viral load testing, which has been the standard for more than a decade. (blogspot.com)
- AECOPD triggered by a bacterial and viral co-infection increases circulating levels of the systemic inflammatory marker, serum amyloid A (SAA). (frontiersin.org)
- Since viral upper respiratory infections often precede the development of bacterial pneumonia, the influenza vaccine is especially important for its potential to prevent more serious infections," Dr Kaplan said. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
- Viral or bacterial infections, such as the common cold or pneumonia, can cause a sudden worsening of COPD symptoms. (healthcareoriginals.com)
- Nursing home-acquired pneumonia can also be caused by viral infection ( Table 1 5 - 12 ). (aafp.org)
- 13 , 14 Physicians should suspect viral etiologies from late fall through early spring, and whenever outbreaks of respiratory infection occur. (aafp.org)
Diagnosis4
- How the diagnosis is made depends upon where the infection is. (medlineplus.gov)
- In Jamaica, the greatest mortality occurs between 6 and 12 months old when 10% of patients die despite considerable experience in the diagnosis and therapy of the condition and absence of malaria. (who.int)
- Dot-ELISA proved to be a practical alternative technique for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. (scielo.br)
- Dr Kelleher research interests are in the immunology of HIV-1 infection and primary antibody deficiency and the application of novel immunological technologies to the diagnosis of patients with infectious diseases and immune based disorders. (imperial.ac.uk)
Immunosuppressive therapy1
- Some individuals with altered immunocompetence, including those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, may have a reduced immune response to VAXNEUVANCE. (merck.com)
Lower respiratory trac1
- Lower respiratory tract infections place a considerable strain on the health budget and are generally more serious than upper respiratory infections. (bionity.com)
Incidence2
- Compared to the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections in the Dutch population (15.6/100.000 patient years), the incidence in SLE patients is 13 times higher. (nih.gov)
- The incidence rate has reduced since the introduction of beta-lactam therapy in the early 1940s. (wikipedia.org)
Chronic2
- Here, we review emerging mechanisms into why COPD patients are susceptible to chronic bacterial infections and highlight dysregulated inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as central causes. (frontiersin.org)
- Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract characterized by excessive mucous secretion, cough, and Dyspnea associated with recurring infections of the lower respiratory tract. (lifenurses.com)
Vaccinations1
- Therefore, Prevnar 13 currently dominates the large market for the primary pediatric series of pneumococcal vaccinations included in the US routine immunisation schedule. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Prevalence1
- Here, we analyzed the impact of more active fluoroquinolones usage on pneumococci by examining the fluoroquinolone usage, prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and mutations in the genes that encode the major target sites for the fluoroquinolones (gyrA and parC) in pneumococcal isolates collected in Canada-wide surveillance. (wustl.edu)
Susceptibility3
- T here appears to be a direct relationship between increasing age and susceptibility to infections, although the documentation is weak for many specific infectious diseases. (nationalacademies.org)
- When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. (nih.gov)
- In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. (nih.gov)
Upper respirator2
- In the PREVENT trial, upper respiratory tract infections, headache, and nasopharyngitis were the most common side effects. (clevelandclinic.org)
- With the exception of upper respiratory tract infections, percentages of patients experiencing these effects were comparable in the eculizumab group and the placebo group. (clevelandclinic.org)
Complications3
- There is no evidence that there is a need to increase the number of antenatal visits, provided there are no complications of the HIV infection, although additional counselling time may be required. (nzdl.org)
- The costs of pneumococcal diseases are great because the elderly require hospitalization and the illnesses often cause complications. (nationalacademies.org)
- Although antibiotics are considered to be effective in the treatment of pneumococcal diseases, deaths and complications often occur despite the prompt use of effective antibiotics. (nationalacademies.org)
Antibiotics2
- Antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy. (medscape.com)
- The Medicines Company received an initial funding of USD 32 million from Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and will receive an additional USD 100 million during the term of 5 years to create a portfolio of next-generation antibiotics that are expected to help combat drug-resistant infections. (grandviewresearch.com)
Diseases3
- Materials and Methods: A total of 207 patients admitted and treated at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center Nis, for measles infection were included in the analysis. (bvsalud.org)
- In their guidance report, Prevention and control of infectious diseases among people who inject drugs, the agencies explore good public health practices that can support effective policies to reduce infections. (europa.eu)
- Further reductions in morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal diseases require that preventive measures be used. (nationalacademies.org)
Sepsis1
- In sub-Saharan Africa mortality will be much higher, and in some areas estimates derived from the age structure of populations attending clinics suggest that half of those with sickle-cell anaemia have died by the age of five years usually from infections including malaria and pneumococcal sepsis, and from the anaemia itself. (who.int)
Normally sterile sites1
- Confirmed cases with isolates from normally sterile sites were investigated by medical record reviews to determine the clinical presentation, underlying medical conditions (including HIV-infection status), and hospitalization and antibiotic use within the preceding 6 months. (cdc.gov)
Hospitalization1
- Despite ongoing efforts to reduce AECOPD rates with inhaled corticosteroids, COPD patients remain at heightened risk of developing serious lung infections/AECOPD, frequently leading to hospitalization and infection-dependent delirium. (frontiersin.org)
Patients16
- Infections are important denominators of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (nih.gov)
- We registered all infections that necessitated admission to the hospital (serious infection) and compared relevant clinical and laboratory parameters and immunomodulating/immunosuppressive treatment in patients with and without serious infections. (nih.gov)
- In the total cohort of 260 patients, there were 132 episodes of serious infection in 70 patients, with a median follow-up per patient of 11.4 years (range 0 to 50.2 years). (nih.gov)
- For patients with impairing CBD, corticosteroid therapy continues to be the primary treatment modality (Glazer and Newman 2003). (cdc.gov)
- Patients should be monitored for therapy-induced side effects on an ongoing basis. (cdc.gov)
- Compte tenu du nombre croissant d'infections et de décès par le virus de la grippe pandémique (H1N1) 2009 confirmés en laboratoire dans la Région OMS de la Méditerranée orientale, le Bureau régional a convoqué une réunion consultative d'experts impliqués dans la prise en charge clinique de patients infectés par ce virus. (who.int)
- Invasive fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, are common in hospitalized, immunocompromised, or critically ill patients and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. (mims.com)
- The guidelines suggested patients with HIV infection should be vaccinated against pneumococcal infection, influenza, varicella and hepatitis A and B. A table outlining interactions between specific anti-retrovirals and statins -- the medications commonly used for lipid management -- is also included. (blogspot.com)
- In many HIV practices now, 80 percent of patients with HIV infection have the virus under control and live long, full lives. (blogspot.com)
- Zoledronic acid is contraindicated in patients with hypotension systolic blood pressure in the upper extremities, and speech therapy to inhibit active sodium and chloride channels. (albionfoundation.org)
- Twelve patients with pneumococcal arthritis are described. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- The other five patients had pneumococcal arthritis without evidence of other foci of pneumococcal infection. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Seroprotection rate was not significantly reduced in patients with immunomodulator compared to anti-TNF monotherapy or combination therapy (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.62-3.38, p = 0.84 and OR = 0.91 95% CI: 0.37-2.22, p = 0.391, respectively). (ecco-ibd.eu)
- Our results suggest that response rate is reduced in patients treated with anti-TNF therapy but not in patients treated with immunomodulator monotherapy. (ecco-ibd.eu)
- His NHS duties include provision of clinics for patients with primary immune deficiencies and HIV-1 infection and the direction of diagnostic Immunology Laboratories at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. (imperial.ac.uk)
- He recommended "long-term follow-up to assess whether the lower seroprotection rates in IBD patients truly lead to higher rates of influenza infection. (medscape.com)
Immune6
- The most common indications for therapeutic splenectomy include hereditary spherocytosis, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), or autoimmune hemolysis where the splenomegaly is refractory to front line therapy and causing significant discomfort due to massive splenomegaly or complicated hypersplenism. (medscape.com)
- Background: The immune-inflammatory response is the basis of the pathophysiology of SARS-Cov-2 infection. (bvsalud.org)
- Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) morbidity and mortality of DLBCL has been markedly reduced, which is primarily interpreted as a result of the drug-mediated immune reconstitution. (bvsalud.org)
- The Delta VOC triggered breakthrough infections but did not have a direct strong immune-evasive phenotype relative to the contemporary Beta VOC. (euvolution.com)
- 18 , 47 , 55 Factors that may contribute to the predisposition of the elderly to infections include impaired immune function, 47 , 55 anatomic and functional changes, 8 and degree of exposure to infections. (nationalacademies.org)
- Continued smoking damages the lungs and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and exacerbations. (healthcareoriginals.com)
Prevention1
- Prevention of infections among people injecting drugs is achievable and effective - if it is properly executed', stresses ECDC Director Marc Sprenger. (europa.eu)
Illnesses2
- Saying that most people being treated for HIV are now living normal lifespans, an American medical association that specializes in HIV/AIDS care has issued new guidelines that focus on illnesses that may be exacerbated by anti-retroviral therapy. (blogspot.com)
- Certain infections are important risk factors for the elderly because the illnesses they cause reduced quality of life during the infection and are at times fatal. (nationalacademies.org)
Dose1
- Although the most common splenic irradiation regimen was 10Gy in 1Gy fractions over 2 weeks, these authors concluded that lower doses (eg, 5Gy in 5 fractions) might be as effective as higher doses, as they found no correlation between the biologically equivalent dose of radiation therapy and response duration, pain relief, spleen reduction, or cytopenia improvement. (medscape.com)