AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Cytomegalovirus RetinitisGanciclovirCytomegalovirusRetinitisCytomegalovirus InfectionsFoscarnetRetinitis PigmentosaAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsEye Infections, ViralAntiviral AgentsMuromegalovirusAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeOrganophosphonatesOrganophosphorus CompoundsInterleukin-10 Receptor alpha SubunitCytosineDrug ImplantsPhosphonoacetic AcidThymidine KinaseVitreous BodyVisual AcuityHerpesviridae InfectionsCD4 Lymphocyte CountAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveAcyclovirCytomegalovirus VaccinesInjections, IntravenousIntravitreal InjectionsInjectionsDNA, ViralViral LoadAdministration, OralDrug Therapy, CombinationProspective StudiesElectroretinographyGenetic TherapySimplexvirusViral ProteinsImmediate-Early ProteinsAnti-HIV AgentsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesEye ProteinsAntigens, Viral
ValganciclovirInfectionFoscarnetCases of cytomegalovirus retinitisUveitisIntravenousAIDSAcquired immunodeIntravitreal injectionEfficacyViralPatientsCongenitalCidofovirInfectionsHAARTProphylacticMainstay of treatmentNewly diagnosedSystemicVisual acuityRetinal detachmentPreemptive therapyBone marrowVaricellaHerpes simplTreatmentDiseaseBilateralProphylaxisPneumoniaAcuteResistanceOptic nerveAntiviral therapySymptomsHumanImmuneFindingsHerpesviridaePatientVitro
Valganciclovir18
  • The normal treatment plan for CMV pneumonia is using IV Ganciclovir and immunoglobulins but Valganciclovir can also be administered orally. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Studies have shown that Valganciclovir at a dose of 900 mg orally results in blood levels of gancicolvir obtained when a standard dose of 5mg/kg intravenous is administered and is also known to have similar efficacy to intravenous Ganciclovir as induction therapy in HIV associated CMV retinitis (7). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Pateints with severe CMV diseases have been treated with a loading dose of IV Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir in various in a study conducted in 2007 (8).A case of a preterm infant with congenital CMV infection who was treated with oral Valganciclovir and showed a good response has been reported (10). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • The infant however was treated first with IV Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir which succeeded in decreasing the viral load successfully (10). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • 9. Kabata Y, Takahashi G, Tsuneoka H. Cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with valganciclovir in Wegener's granulomatosis. (koreamed.org)
  • She was treated with intravenous ganciclovir for 2 weeks, intravitreal ganciclovir (twice weekly) for 1 week, and also daily oral valganciclovir as maintenance therapy for 6 months resulted in resolving of retinitis patches and improving her best-visual acuity from hand motions to 20/100. (springeropen.com)
  • Prior clinical research has also focused on intravitreal therapeutics for rapid remission induction of ARN and CMV retinitis and maintenance therapy with oral antiviral agents with high vitreous penetration (i.e. valacyclovir and valganciclovir). (emory.edu)
  • Studies utilizing ganciclovir and valganciclovir demonstrate improved hearing and Bailey Developmental scores. (lww.com)
  • The current therapy for CMV disease is treatment with either ganciclovir or valganciclovir, which are associated with significant toxicity and not approved for use in pregnant women or for congenitally damaged infants. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • However, is known, that valganciclovir, existing, as a mixture of R and S diasteriomers, is the active ingredient in Valcyte, which is used as an antiviral medication given to patients who have a high chance of developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after receiving a heart, kidney, or kidney-pancreas transplant. (ncats.io)
  • It helps prevent the spread of infection to other areas of the body.Valganciclovir is also used to treat CMV retinitis in people with advanced HIV disease (AIDS). (webmd.com)
  • This medication helps control CMV retinitis and decrease the risk of blindness.Valganciclovir is not a cure for CMV disease. (webmd.com)
  • Do not take ganciclovir instead of valganciclovir on your own without consulting your doctor or pharmacist. (webmd.com)
  • The effects and the dosages of ganciclovir and valganciclovir are not equal. (webmd.com)
  • Valganciclovir turns into the drug ganciclovir inside your body. (webmd.com)
  • Infants with life-threatening symptoms are recommended to receive 2-6 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir and then switch to oral valganciclovir, and those without life-threatening symptoms are recommended to use oral valganciclovir during the entire 6-month period. (e-cep.org)
  • Congenital CMV is initially treated with intravenous ganciclovir for 2-6 weeks and switched to oral valganciclovir, or with oral valganciclovir for the entire 6-month period. (e-cep.org)
  • Antiviral treatment for congenital CMV infection began with ganciclovir 30 years ago, with oral valganciclovir being the most commonly used [ 3 ]. (e-cep.org)
Infection18
  • CMV retinits can also present in the setting of congenital infection, severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID), SCID after bone marrow transplanation, AIDS, and after immunosuppressive therapy for various conditions. (medscape.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals and manifests as a life and sight threatening disease commonly amongst immunocompromised and HIV infected individuals. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Congenital toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are the most common etiologies in this age group. (medscape.com)
  • She was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and cytomegalovirus retinitis, treated with intravitreal injections of ganciclovir. (springeropen.com)
  • Congenital and Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV) Cytomegalovirus infection may be acquired prenatally or perinatally and is the most common congenital viral infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The predictive value of the CD4 + T-cell count for ocular complications in HIV infection has been called into question by reports of CMV retinitis in patients with CD4 + cell counts higher than 200 cells/mL. (medscape.com)
  • For other discussions of HIV infection, see HIV Disease , Pediatric HIV Infection , and Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection . (medscape.com)
  • Therapy should be prescribed by a health care provider experienced in the management of HIV-1 infection. (who.int)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a beta variant of the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), a highly prevalent opportunistic pathogen with over 50% of adults infected worldwide by age [ 1. De Matos SB, Meyer R, de Mendonça Lima FW. Cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation: Occurrence, clinical features, and the cutoff for antigenemia in a university hospital in Brazil. Infect Chemother. 2017; 49: 255-261. [ CrossRef ] ">1 ]. (lidsen.com)
  • Sevirumab has been evaluated in the clinic for the prevention of CMV infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and as adjuvant therapy for CMV retinitis in HIV-infected individuals. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • CMV disease can lead to serious infections in the body, including an infection in the eye , called CMV retinitis , that can cause blindness. (webmd.com)
  • HHV-5, also known as cytomegalovirus (CMV), causes a primary infection of the salivary glands and other tissues, and it is believed to have a chronic form. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide, the most common nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children, and a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders in the brain. (e-cep.org)
  • Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is among the most common causes of nongenetic sensorineural hearing loss. (e-cep.org)
  • Overview of the management of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. (e-cep.org)
  • Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), which belongs to the Herpesviridae family and is the most common cause of congenital infection, has a prevalence of 0.2%-6%, even in developed countries [ 1 ]. (e-cep.org)
  • The human cytomegalovirus infection (HCMV) modulates cellular metabolism to support viral replication. (cmvpromotor.com)
  • The human cytomegalovirus infection (HCMV) is general after kidney transplants and may have a long-term effect. (cmvpromotor.com)
Foscarnet10
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of foscarnet induction treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients who have previously suffered severe dose-limiting ganciclovir-related myelosuppression, who are ineligible for ganciclovir treatment due to myelosuppression or who have clearly failed to have a therapeutic response to ganciclovir therapy. (inclinicaltrials.com)
  • Treatment includes antiviral medications such as ganciclovir, foscarnet or cidofovir, which can be administered orally, via injection through a vein or directly into the eye or through a time-release implant the releases the medication at intervals. (firsteyecareirving.com)
  • Foscarnet is an organic analogue of inorganic pyrophosphate that inhibits replication of herpes viruses in vitro including cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). (druglib.com)
  • Thus, HSV strains resistant to acyclovir or CMV strains resistant to ganciclovir may be sensitive to foscarnet. (druglib.com)
  • However, acyclovir or ganciclovir resistant mutants with alterations in the viral DNA polymerase may be resistant to foscarnet and may not respond to therapy with foscarnet. (druglib.com)
  • The combination of foscarnet and ganciclovir has been shown to have enhanced activity in vitro. (druglib.com)
  • Ganciclovir The pharmacokinetics of foscarnet and ganciclovir were not altered in 13 patients receiving either concomitant therapy or daily alternating therapy for maintenance of CMV disease. (druglib.com)
  • ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir use for treatment of CMV disease). (hiv.gov)
  • 14 Supporting the latter hypothesis, observational studies indicate that patients receiving ganciclovir or foscarnet (but not acyclovir) develop KS at a reduced rate. (hiv.gov)
  • The study, which was evaluating sevirumab as an adjunctive treatment to ganciclovir or foscarnet in AIDS patients with newly diagnosed CMV retinitis, had enrolled approximately half of the anticipated 167 patients. (creativebiolabs.net)
Cases of cytomegalovirus retinitis2
Uveitis4
  • The damage to the small blood vessels there causes leakage of fluid Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema Macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion Macular edema secondary to uveitis Infections, such as endophthalmitis and retinitis Noninfectious vitritis Sometimes, an intravitreal injection of antibiotics and steroids is given as part of routine cataract surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis who experienced immune recovery as a consequence of HAART develop worsening of visual symptoms from immune recovery uveitis (IRU). (springeropen.com)
  • Dr. Yeh's current research focuses on the application of clinical and laboratory diagnostic modalities for infectious and noninfectious uveitis and the use of emerging therapeutics (systemic and local therapy) for the treatment of uveitis. (emory.edu)
  • Herpesviruses: Cytomegalovirus A number of infectious diseases cause uveitis (see table Infectious Causes of Uveitis). (msdmanuals.com)
Intravenous1
AIDS16
Acquired immunode1
Intravitreal injection2
Efficacy4
  • Intravitreal ganciclovir maintenance in-jection for cytomegalovirus retinitis: efficacy of a low-volume, in-termediate-dose regimen. (koreamed.org)
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preemptive therapy against CMV EOD in HIV-positive adults with CMV viremia. (bjid.org.br)
  • In addition, sevirumab failed to demonstrate efficacy in HIV patients with CMV retinitis, possibly because of the immune-privileged nature of the eye. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Although median time to progression of CMV retinitis was increased in patients treated with FOSCAVIR, reductions in positive blood or urine cultures have not been shown to correlate with clinical efficacy in individual patients. (nih.gov)
Viral3
  • CMV retinitis can arise either upon acute viral introduction to the host or through viral reactivation in the context of immunocompromise. (medscape.com)
  • This therapy accounts for the recovery of the immune system, manifested by an increase in the number of the CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and a decrease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral loads. (springeropen.com)
  • This is the preferred option though it puts the patient at risk from the myelosuppressive adverse effects of the antiviral therapy and may increase the risk of viral resistance. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
Patients17
  • [ 1 ] but ultimately is bilateral in most patients in the absence of therapy or immune recovery. (medscape.com)
  • In most patients, CMV retinitis has an insidious onset that is often asymptomatic, followed by transient visual obscurations ("floaters") and haze, and eventually leading to geographic scotoma and, possibly, complete blindness. (medscape.com)
  • Incidence and natural history of cytomegalovirus disease in patients with advanced hu-man immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. (koreamed.org)
  • Cytomegalovirus retinitis can recur in the same or contralateral eye of immunocompetent patients, especially without prophylactic medication. (springeropen.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is a sight-threatening condition usually affecting immunosuppressed individuals but few cases of CMVR have been reported in immunocompetent patients [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to see if it is safe to give indinavir (IDV) and ritonavir (RTV) in combination with stavudine (d4T) and lamivudine (3TC) to HIV-positive patients who have never received anti-HIV therapy. (inclinicaltrials.com)
  • PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of fludarabine in treating patients who have chronic graft-versus-host disease that has not responded to steroid therapy. (inclinicaltrials.com)
  • Retinitis is the most common manifestation of CMV disease in patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
  • Atypical presentation of IRU, characterized by extensive frosted branch angiitis and increased intraocular inflammation may occur in immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis who experienced immune recovery. (springeropen.com)
  • Aims The aim of this observational study was to report the distribution of glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes in the eyes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS), and to investigate their clinical characteristics and outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • Severe focal disease, including retinitis, can develop in HIV-infected patients and in organ transplant recipients and other immunocompromised patients. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These patients reportedly were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (medscape.com)
  • How should patients with or at risk for cytomegalovirus be managed? (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • Routine provision of antiviral therapy for patients at risk. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • What happens to patients with cytomegalovirus? (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • For most patients at risk, CMV can be successfully prevented by administering prophylactic antiviral therapy. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • Do cytomegalovirus infections affect the daratumumab treatment course in multiple myeloma patients? (cmvpromotor.com)
Congenital5
  • Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus. (lww.com)
  • Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections: To Treat or Not to Treat? (lww.com)
  • Congenital cytomegalovirus infections are among the most common of the newborn in the developed world. (lww.com)
  • Over the past 2 decades, therapies have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics Red Book Committee for the management of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) and congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. (lww.com)
  • Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss (SHNL) in children. (cmvpromotor.com)
Cidofovir1
  • Therefore, neutrophil counts should be monitored during cidofovir therapy. (medilib.ir)
Infections6
  • Antimicrobials are intravitreally injected to treat eye infections, such as endophthalmitis and retinitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV, human herpesvirus type 5) can cause infections that have a wide range of severity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The incidence of herpes zoster, unlike that of many of the other opportunistic infections seen in HIV disease, has apparently not decreased with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (medscape.com)
  • Most attention was focused on recent data related to chemoprophylaxis against disseminated MAC disease, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and fungal infections and to immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
  • This review will explore the pathogenesis and treatment of both infections, emphasizing the strengths and limitations of current knowledge and therapy. (lww.com)
  • Currently, antiviral therapy is available only for a limited number of infections. (amboss.com)
HAART2
Prophylactic1
  • Prophylactic laser retinopexy is another adjunctive therapy that has been widely studied, yet there is great controversy about the usefulness of laser. (biomedcentral.com)
Mainstay of treatment1
  • Although there is no single guideline for ARN, the mainstay of treatment is high-dose systemic antiviral therapy with or without intravitreal adjuvant antiviral, followed by long-term oral prophylaxis. (biomedcentral.com)
Newly diagnosed1
Systemic2
Visual acuity2
Retinal detachment2
  • The right eye had a history of Cytomegalovirus retinitis 2 years ago that complicated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. (springeropen.com)
  • in 1971, acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a syndrome of acute Panuveitis with retinal periarteritis progressing to diffuse necrotizing retinitis and retinal detachment (RD) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Preemptive therapy2
  • A reduction in the risk of CMV EOD with preemptive therapy was found OR=0.49 (95 % CI 0.31‒0.76). (bjid.org.br)
  • Preemptive therapy could be a potential option for preventing CMV EOD in people living with HIV. (bjid.org.br)
Bone marrow1
  • Ganciclovir can decrease bone marrow function. (webmd.com)
Varicella1
  • Based on the PCR results, 16 cases (69.6%) had Varicella zoster virus, 3 cases (13%) had Cytomegalovirus, 1 patient (4.3%) had Herpes simplex virus associated ARN, and 1 case (4.3%) had negative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Herpes simpl1
  • The quantitative relationship between the in vitro susceptibility of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) or herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) to FOSCAVIR and clinical response to therapy has not been established and virus sensitivity testing has not been standardized. (nih.gov)
Treatment3
Disease6
  • In addition, with increasing air travel and globalization, several emerging infectious diseases have been recognized as causing ocular disease, including retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. (medscape.com)
  • Ganciclovir and other antiviral drugs are used to treat severe disease, particularly retinitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A9 - Torlontano G, FIORITONI G, Pontano O, Iacone A, Bonanni G: Normal granulocyte transfusion therapy in the management of acute leukemias.Current Studies on Standardization Problems in Clinical Patholology, Haematology and Radiotherapy in Hodgkin's Disease.Eds: G. Astaldi, C. Biagini. (giuseppefioritoni.it)
  • Cytomegalovirus end-organ-disease (CMV EOD) is still a major cause of debilitating illness in people living with HIV, especially in developing countries. (bjid.org.br)
  • In the absence of prophylaxis, the CMV disease is seen most commonly 6-12 weeks after transplantation or after augmentation of immunosuppression for rescue therapy of rejection. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • It is used to prevent disease caused by a virus called cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) in people who have received organ transplants . (webmd.com)
Bilateral1
  • A 29-year-old female (Case 1) who received immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil for 3 months after pancreatic transplantation, was given an intravitreal Bevacizumab injection 4 times in each eye under the suspicion of bilateral central retinal vein occlusion. (koreamed.org)
Prophylaxis1
  • Risk stratification by serological status of the kidney donor and recipient defines the need and duration of prophylaxis therapy. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
Pneumonia1
Acute1
Resistance1
  • Specifically, they have previously assessed the utility of qualitative and quantitative PCR, as well as ganciclovir-resistance testing in the management of CMV retinitis. (emory.edu)
Optic nerve1
  • A left-eye wide-field fundus photograph demonstrating a confluent patch of intraretinal whitening, hemorrhage, and vascular attenuation nasal to the optic nerve consistent with CMV retinitis. (medscape.com)
Antiviral therapy2
  • This requires periodic PCR monitoring for CMV and initiation of antiviral therapy once uremia is detected. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • The aim of antiviral therapy is to minimize symptoms and infectivity as well as to shorten the duration of illness. (amboss.com)
Symptoms1
Human2
  • Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). (medscape.com)
  • Sevirumab (trade name Protovir), also known as MSL-109, EV2 7, SDZ MSL 109, is a human anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) monoclonal antibody directed to a conformational epitope of the envelope glycoprotein H (gH). (creativebiolabs.net)
Immune1
Findings1
  • While such findings may argue against the protective effect of an increased CD4 + cell count, the possibility that the CMV retinitis preceded the recovery of CD4 + cell count was not ruled out. (medscape.com)
Herpesviridae1
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the Herpesviridae family. (medscape.com)
Patient1
Vitro1
  • We have developed devices that release ganciclovir at rates of 2 μg/h and 5 μg/h in vitro. (uky.edu)