Therapeutic delivery undesirable side effects designing drug design. Medical search. Frequent questions

The nanocapsules are specifically designed around the physicochemical properties of antibodies, to protect them from degradation in the blood stream. (ipatherapeutics.com)
Carrier-linked prodrugs are for drugs with major drawbacks, which are linked to a nontoxic carrier or promoiety through covalent linkage to change or get rid of their undesirable physicochemical properties. (ijpsonline.com)

In retrometabolic drug design, metabolic reaction information of drugs is used to design parent drugs whose metabolism and distribution can be controlled to target and eliminate the drug to increase efficacy and minimize undesirable side effects. (wikipedia.org)
The rapid advancement of nanomedicine and nanoparticle (NP) materials presents novel solutions potentially capable of revolutionizing health care by improving efficacy, bioavailability, drug targeting, and safety. (biomedcentral.com)

Small molecules have been successfully developed to this end, but they often present a significant lack of specificity resulting in toxicity, leading to undesirable side effects for patients. (ipatherapeutics.com)
difficulties during formulation and adverse effects and toxicity [ 2 - 4 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

At the AACR event, one company reported that it is engineering interleukin-2 (IL-2) prodrugs that may be conditionally activated to minimize off-target effects. (genengnews.com)

CDSs are biologically inert molecules intended to enhance drug delivery to a particular organ or site and requiring several conversion steps before releasing the active drug. (wikipedia.org)
The company's prodrugs are called Indukine molecules, and they are designed to unleash pro-inflammatory mechanisms on tumors while preventing unwanted side effects on nontarget tissue. (genengnews.com)
SARMs provide the ability to design molecules that can be delivered orally, but that selectively target the androgen receptors in different tissues differently. (researchpeptides.co.za)
Prodrugs are derivatives of drug molecules that are pharmacologically inactive but require either chemical or enzymatic transformation to release the active drug in vivo in order to exert a pharmacological effect. (ijpsonline.com)

Bodor defined soft drugs as biologically active, therapeutically useful chemical compounds characterized by a predictable and controllable in vivo metabolism to non-toxic moieties after they achieve their therapeutic role. (wikipedia.org)
These results would not have been possible without critical recent innovations in the field, such as the development of safe and efficient materials for in vivo mRNA delivery and advanced protocols for the production of high quality mRNA. (researchgate.net)

The endogenously overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells breaks the disulfide bond to activate the prodrug and release the radiosensitizer drug camptothecin (CPT) and the fluorescence imaging reagent rhodamine derivative as a fluorophore (FL). (bvsalud.org)

In January 2021, Precision announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accepted its investigational new drug application for PBCAR19B, the Company's next generation, stealth cell, allogeneic CAR T candidate for patients with CD19-positive malignancies such as those with R/R NHL. (precisionbiosciences.com)

Since its introduction by Nicholas Bodor in the late 1970s, the soft drug concept generated considerable research both in academic and in industrial settings. (wikipedia.org)
Since their introduction in the early 1980s, CDSs have also generated considerable research work, especially for brain and eye targeting of various therapeutic agents, including those that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier or the blood-retinal barrier on their own. (wikipedia.org)
We have spent considerable time and effort designing substrates that can be efficiently cleaved by tumor proteases yet remain stable in normal tissues and plasma," said Cynthia Seidel-Dugan, PhD, chief scientific officer, Werewolf Therapeutics. (genengnews.com)

The new drugs thus designed achieve selective organ and/or therapeutic site drug targeting and produce safe therapeutic agents and safe environmental chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
They are intended to have the same kind of effects as androgenic drugs but be much more selective in their action,allowing them to be used for more uses than the relatively limited legitimate uses of anabolic steroids. (researchpeptides.co.za)
This suggests that, while SARMs are likely to show some virilizing effects when used at high doses (e.g., use by bodybuilders), at lower therapeutic doses they may well be effectively selective for anabolic effects, which will be important if SARMs are to have clinical application in the treatment of osteoporosis in women. (researchpeptides.co.za)

Prodrugs have better delivery properties that surpass the parent drug molecule [ 1 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Around 10 % of marketed medicines can be categorized as prodrugs currently, and also that during 2008, 33 % of approved small molecular weight drugs were prodrugs [ 5 - 7 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
These prodrugs subsequently undergo enzymatic or non-enzymatic cleavage to release the active drug moiety (figure 1) [ 12 , 13 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

These approaches represent systematic methodologies that thoroughly integrate structure-activity (SAR) and structure-metabolism (SMR) relationships and are aimed at designing safe, locally active compounds with improved therapeutic index (ratio of benefit vs. side effect). (wikipedia.org)
There are also compounds that can be considered as soft chemicals (e.g., malathion) or soft drugs (e.g., articaine, methylphenidate) even though they were not developed as such. (wikipedia.org)
NPs are intriguing when considering medical applications because of their essential and unique qualities, including a significantly higher surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, and the potential to adsorb and transport drugs and other compounds. (biomedcentral.com)

The purpose of this scope review is to review the recent evidence from clinical trials regarding the benefits of traditional oral Chinese medicines and to outline their effects on vascular dementia. (ijpsonline.com)
The development of effective delivery vehicles for controlling mRNA immunogenicity to use mRNA in clinical applications [19] . (researchgate.net)
Thus, TAMs can be considered as a promising therapeutic target for improved immunotherapy, and TAMs-focused molecular targeting agents have made ideal progress in clinical practice. (thno.org)
It is hoped that, with rapid development of nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy, TAMs-focused therapeutic strategies may be anticipated to become an emerging immunotherapeutic modality for future clinical cancer treatment. (thno.org)
Immunotherapy is currently considered as a promising next-generation therapeutic strategy for various cancers thanks to its ability to modulate cell-specific immune responses toward tumors [ 1 ], which has gradually remodeled the landscape of clinical anticancer modality [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
The use of n-of-1 trials to improve therapeutic decisionmaking and clinical outcomes has been studied and reported upon for over 25 years. (ahrq.gov)
7-9 At times, clinicians may simply give a patient two or more drugs in a similar class to take home and try at the patient's convenience (essentially an open-label n-of-1 trial without any control for washout periods, placebo effect, or numbers of crossovers required for clinical decisionmaking). (ahrq.gov)
We also summarize the nanomedicines' current advantages and disadvantages in drug administration, from natural/synthetic sources to clinical applications. (biomedcentral.com)
More basic and clinical studies are needed to address the effects of drugs on specific receptors and improve the treatment of postoperative pruritus. (asahq.org)

Using a combination of rational design and high-throughput screening we optimize the switching circuits of engineered cells and connect their activity to the release of immune checkpoint inhibitors. (nature.com)
BioStrand has developed a proprietary, AI-driven platform to optimize the design of such antibodies. (ipatherapeutics.com)
Engineering the drug carrier biointerface can help overcome the main biological barriers and optimize the drug delivery in a more personalized manner. (biomedcentral.com)

This relationship will expedite our development plan and move us meaningfully closer to our goal of evaluating DMT and other tryptamines for various types of eye disease which require both a pharmacological and delivery solution to fill the significant treatment gap in glaucoma," said Daniel Cohen, Chairman and CEO of PharmaDrug. (psychedelicalpha.com)
Due to the severity of the obesity epidemic, this has been a landmark discovery, as doctors still face a very limited pharmacological toolset to help patients lose weight, with the full hGH protein causing too many side effects for long-term use. (outlookindia.com)
Prodrug concept is justified because it enables the active drug to overcome the barrier that would impede it from reaching the site of action to exert the required pharmacological activity. (ijpsonline.com)

The immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors, in particular, creates a favorable niche for systemically administered bacteria to engraft and release therapeutic payloads. (nature.com)
To address this limitation, we engineer therapeutic bacteria to be controlled by focused ultrasound, a form of energy that can be applied noninvasively to specific anatomical sites such as solid tumors. (nature.com)
To avoid damaging healthy organs, it is crucial that the therapeutic activity of microbes be targeted to tumors. (nature.com)

The therapeutic decisions that result from these methods are imperfect at best, and at worst may lead to unnecessary costs and higher than necessary rates of adverse effects. (ahrq.gov)
This uncomfortable adverse event requires the use of therapeutic agents in most circumstances, which can be ineffective or even reverse the analgesic effect of the opioid. (asahq.org)

In the field of drug discovery, retrometabolic drug design is a strategy for the design of safer drugs either using predictable metabolism to an inactive moiety or using targeted drug delivery approaches. (wikipedia.org)

Nanovaccines can improve antigen presentation, targeted delivery, stimulation of the body's innate immune system, and a strong T-cell response without putting people at risk. (researchgate.net)

In addition, short-term side effects are typically clearly demonstrated in n-of-1 trials. (ahrq.gov)
Currently used androgens for male hormone replacement therapy are typically injectable or skin delivery formulations of testosterone or testosterone esters. (researchpeptides.co.za)

Although both retrometabolic design approaches involve chemical modifications of the molecular structure and both require enzymatic reactions to fulfill drug targeting, the principles of SD and CDS design are distinctly different. (wikipedia.org)
While CDSs are inactive as administered and sequential enzymatic reactions provide the differential distribution and ultimately release the active drug, SDs are active as administered and are designed to be easily metabolized into inactive species. (wikipedia.org)
Assuming an ideal situation, with a CDS the drug is present at the site and nowhere else in the body because enzymatic processes destroy the drug at those sites. (wikipedia.org)

In theory, the risk-benefit ratio of a drug would be improved because only medications with demonstrated effectiveness for a particular patient (as shown through an n-of-1 trial) would be prescribed. (ahrq.gov)
however, several nonsteroidal androgens show a ratio of anabolic to androgenic effects of greater than 3:1 and up to as much as 90:1 (RAD-140), compared to testosterone, which has a ratio of 1:1. (researchpeptides.co.za)

Pruritus after surgery may be drug induced (including intrathecal opioids) or secondary to a preexisting systemic disease. (asahq.org)

In a clinically relevant cancer model, ultrasound-activated therapeutic microbes successfully turn on in situ and induce a marked suppression of tumor growth. (nature.com)
However, NPs must overcome or navigate several biological barriers of the human body to successfully deliver drugs at precise locations. (biomedcentral.com)

The concept of retrometabolic drug design encompasses two distinct approaches. (wikipedia.org)

The prodrug approach is rapidly becoming a crucial part in the stratagem of delivery of drugs. (ijpsonline.com)

Therefore, through the multiple radiosensitizing effects of GSH depletion, the high atomic coefficient of Au, and hypoxia alleviation, accompanied by the radiosensitizer camptothecin, the designed ASH nanoplatform can effectively induce strong immunogenic cell death (ICD) at the tumor site via radiosensitizing therapy combined with PTT. (bvsalud.org)

The management of SpA has dramatically improved over the last decades due to the development of new treat-to-target strategies and to the introduction of biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFis), currently used for the treatment of nonresponder patients to conventional synthetic agents. (hindawi.com)
Among biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFis) are currently widely used for the treatment of SpA. (hindawi.com)

Optogenetic assays provide a flexible, scalable, and information rich approach to probe compound effects for ion channel drug targets in both heterologous expression systems and associated disease relevant cell types. (frontiersin.org)

Here, the underlying mechanisms of tumor immunosuppression caused by TAMs are first emphatically elucidated, and then the basic design of TAMs-focused immune-nanomedicines are discussed, mainly including diverse categories of nanomaterials, targeted and stimulus-responsive modifications, and TAM imaging in nanomedicines. (thno.org)
They also include experimental designs to isolate the active elements in a treatment package and to assess the mechanisms of behavior change. (jmir.org)

No western drugs have been approved for the treatment of vascular dementia. (ijpsonline.com)
1 Selected reports suggest successful resolution of therapeutic uncertainty in specific patients when the underlying condition and drugs are amenable to the n-of-1 approach: specifically, chronic conditions that do not change rapidly over time, with noncurative interventions, clear symptoms that can be tracked, and treatment effects that wash out relatively rapidly (see Chapter 1 of this User's Guide). (ahrq.gov)
Gene editing promises to fundamentally reshape the treatment landscape across numerous therapeutic categories. (precisionbiosciences.com)

In summary, the Swarm is a novel high-throughput all-optical system capable of collecting information-dense data from optogenetic assays in both heterologous and iPS cell-derived models, which can be leveraged to drive diverse therapeutic discovery programs for nervous system disorders and other disease areas involving excitable cells. (frontiersin.org)
Accordingly, the discovery that the final 16 amino acids confer the fat-burning effects of hGH led researchers to separately synthesize frag 176-191 as a standalone peptide. (outlookindia.com)
The present review is expected to be useful for scientists working in the field of drug discovery and development. (ijpsonline.com)

One approach is the design of soft drugs (SDs), new, active therapeutic agents, often isosteric or isolelectronic analogs of a lead compound, with a chemical structure specifically designed to allow predictable metabolism into inactive metabolites after exerting their desired therapeutic effect(s). (wikipedia.org)
Even so, most TAMs-targeting agents still cannot cover up their own shortcomings as free drugs. (thno.org)
Rapid advances in synthetic biology are driving the development of genetically engineered microbes as therapeutic agents for a multitude of human diseases, including cancer. (nature.com)

To address this challenge, we developed the Swarm TM , a custom designed optical instrument for highly parallelized, multicolor measurements in excitable cells, simultaneously recording changes in voltage and calcium activities at high temporal resolution under optical stimulation. (frontiersin.org)

Today, we are excited to share additional data highlighting the precision and versatility of our ARCUS platform, which is designed to enable safe, specific and efficient gene editing. (precisionbiosciences.com)

Efforts have been made to increase drug carrier targeting efficiency by attaching cell receptor-targeted ligands to the particle surface [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Oral Chinese drugs may be beneficial to patients with vascular dementia, but they need to be further assessed. (ijpsonline.com)
PharmaDrug will focus on developing a novel ocular drug delivery platform to deliver DMT and other undisclosed tryptamines as a potential therapeutic solution in treating the significant unmet medical needs of glaucoma patients. (psychedelicalpha.com)
Along with the improvement of musculoskeletal features of SpA, bDMARDs provided an additional effect also in the management of AAU in those patients who are failures to topical and systemic conventional therapies. (hindawi.com)

Additionally, we explore the innovative NP designs used in both non-personalized and customized applications as well as how they can attain a precise therapeutic strategy. (biomedcentral.com)

The other approach is the design of chemical delivery systems (CDSs). (wikipedia.org)
Western medicines licensed to treat VaD are limited[ 5 ], and there is no clear therapeutic approach to VaD[ 3 , 6 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
7 Second, clinicians may adopt a "trial of therapy" approach, in which they start a patient on a drug and wait to see how it works. (ahrq.gov)
The prodrug approach using various carriers has evolved as a significant tool in surmounting different obstacles in relation to drug formulation and targeting. (ijpsonline.com)

Although this is a significant step forward in achieving targeted drug delivery, the drug carrier must have to overcome various biological obstacles throughout the body to reach the specific target of interest. (biomedcentral.com)
Carrier would change a drug's physical attributes in order to increase its fat or water solubility or to allow site-directed delivery. (ijpsonline.com)

Oral Chinese drugs are commonly employed for vascular dementia in China. (ijpsonline.com)
As such, currently available glaucoma treatments, most commonly formulated into eye drops, are designed to lower IOP. (psychedelicalpha.com)
Drugs are commonly used to treat disorders in older people, and some classes of drugs can be sedating and impair driving performance. (msdmanuals.com)

Topical application of several different tryptamines have shown early promise in preclinical models of elevated IOP, however formulation, delivery, the potential for undesirable hallucinogenic side effects, and the controlled substances act of 1970 have all contributed to a lack of development of tryptamines to treat this serious threat to vision. (psychedelicalpha.com)
Studies will include cell-based basic research, active pharmaceutical ingredient formulation, and exploitation of novel delivery technologies aimed at improving patient outcome by delivering the optimal drug in a convenient format that improves compliance and diminishes side effects. (psychedelicalpha.com)

The compact design featuring high power LEDs, large numerical aperture optics, and fast photodiode detection enables all-optical individual well readout of 24-wells simultaneously from multi-well plates while maintaining sufficient temporal resolution to probe millisecond response dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
The emergence of multifunctional nanomaterials can expectedly endow these therapeutic cargoes with high solubility, favorable pharmacokinetic distribution, cell-specific delivery, and controlled release. (thno.org)
BACKGROUND: Camptothecin (CPT) is an anticancer drug, and is not employed in the clinic because of its high hydrophobicity and low active form stability. (bvsalud.org)
Injectable forms of testosterone esters (such as testosterone enanthate, propionate, or cypionate) produce undesirable fluctuations in testosterone blood levels, with overly high levels shortly after injection and overly low afterward. (researchpeptides.co.za)

Here we describe the development of FUS-activated therapeutic bacteria in which a brief thermal stimulus activates sustained release of anti-cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)

Despite the potential utility and growing adoption of optogenetics, there remains a critical need for compatible platform technologies with the speed, sensitivity, and throughput to enable their application to broader drug screening applications. (frontiersin.org)
Beyond improving initial therapeutic decisionmaking, an n-of-1 trial has a number of other potential longer term benefits. (ahrq.gov)

Properties and selection of carriers or promoeities is a very important parameter in successful prodrug design. (ijpsonline.com)

To date, five TNFis (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol) have been licensed for SpA by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration. (hindawi.com)

We are very excited to partner with the Terasaki Institute, a leader in the design and development of novel drug delivery technologies. (psychedelicalpha.com)
Talem and Libera Bio will jointly develop novel antibodies for use with MPN delivery, with the goal of offering them to larger pharma companies to conduct late-stage development and commercialization. (ipatherapeutics.com)

PBCAR19B is designed to improve the persistence of allogeneic CAR T cells following infusion by reducing rejection by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. (precisionbiosciences.com)

Nanotechnology offers multiple benefits to overcome the constraints associated with conventional drug administration methods through site-specific and target-oriented conveyances. (biomedcentral.com)

This is a chapter from Design and Implementation of N-of-1 Trials: A User's Guide . (ahrq.gov)

In particular, we focus on the solutions offered by single-case experiments, which fill a unique and vital niche in the ecology of research designs. (jmir.org)

Some are developing bispecific antibodies that can influence multiple and complementary immune pathways for greater therapeutic effect. (genengnews.com)
RESULTS: Head trauma was associated with increased ALS risk (adjusted OR 1.60 95% CI 1.04-2.45), with significantly greater effects for injuries occurring 10 or more years prior to symptom onset (p=0.037). (cdc.gov)

Such evidence sometimes requires clinicians to find and interpret a large number of studies, then assess the extent to which their patient resembles or differs from the narrow population that qualified for inclusion in the study 6 and the degree to which the benefits and risks of the drug matter to that patient. (ahrq.gov)

A revised Cochrane Risk Assessment Instrument was applied to evaluate the risk of bias with respect to the intention-to-treat effect on eligible randomized controlled trials. (ijpsonline.com)
First, they interpret the evidence from randomized controlled trials, which present the average benefits and risks of a particular drug. (ahrq.gov)

It exhibits potent antitumor activity by activating tumor-infiltrating CD8 + and CD4 + T cells and has a better therapeutic window relative to recombinant human IL-2. (genengnews.com)

Human growth hormone fragment 176-191 (frag 176-191) was discovered to be responsible for the fat-burning effects of the full human growth hormone (hGH) protein by Dr. Frank Ng in the 1990s at Monash University [1, 2]. (outlookindia.com)

Then, CPT complexes were evaluated for in-vitro drug release. (bvsalud.org)

As a result, this fragment retains a subset of hGH's well-established effects on fat loss, without the additional unwanted effects linked to the full hGH protein. (outlookindia.com)

Inside, we detail everything you need to know about the research chemical - dosing, benefits, side effects, and more. (outlookindia.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science11

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Physicochemical properties2

Efficacy2

Toxicity2

Minimize1

Molecules4

Vivo2

Tumor cells1

Investigational new1

Considerable3

Selective3

Prodrugs3

Compounds3

Clinical9

Optimize3

Pharmacological3

Tumors3

Adverse2

Moiety1

Antigen1

Typically2

Enzymatic3

Ratio2

Opioids1

Successfully2

Approaches1

Crucial1

Induce1

Inhibitors2

Targets1

Mechanisms2

Treatment3

Discovery3

Agents3

Stimulation1

Precision1

Receptor1

Patients3

Strategy1

Approach4

Carrier2

Commonly3

Formulation2

High4

Describe1

Potential2

Properties1

Food and Drug Admin1

Development2

Improve1

Overcome1

Implementation1

Niche1

Greater2

Requires1

Randomized contro2

Activity1

Human1

Release1

Result1

Research1