Theory entropy. Medical search. Frequent questions

Why do we use Kullback-Leibler divergence rather than cross entropy in the t-SNE objective function? (stackexchange.com)
Cross entropy vs KL divergence: What's minimized directly in practice? (stackexchange.com)
Is label smoothing equivalent to adding a KL divergence term or a cross entropy term? (stackexchange.com)
and then its cross-entropy is measured on a test set to assess how accurate the model is in predicting the test data. (wikipedia.org)
I'm looking at cross-entropy benchmarks and there's much that I'm reading at the moment but I'm stuck on one detail: how to derive the linear cross-entropy formula from the cross-entropy formula. (stackexchange.com)
I took the linearization of the log function $\log (x) = x-1$ in an attempt to get the linear cross entropy (following the derivation of Linear entropy ). (stackexchange.com)
In case anyone else gets caught up on this detail: I spoke to Soonwon Choi and he explained that the 'linear' cross-entropy is not a linearization of the cross-entropy. (stackexchange.com)

Shannon's theory defines a data communication system composed of three elements: a source of data, a communication channel, and a receiver. (wikipedia.org)
The analogy results when the values of the random variable designate energies of microstates, so Gibbs formula for the entropy is formally identical to Shannon's formula. (wikipedia.org)
Starting with Claude Shannon's foundational work in 1948, the field of Information Theory, key to statistical learning and inference, has shaped a wide range of scientific disciplines. (mdpi.com)
Entropy is often called Shannon's entropy. (google.com)

Our approach is based on a relative entropy method, where the macroscopic quantities of the kinetic model are compared with the solution to the nonlocal reaction-diffusion system. (birs.ca)

The following is the formula for the entropy for a discrete random variable. (vitalflux.com)

N \leq 1$ resulting in a finite and calculable answer for the entanglement entropy. (arxiv.org)
We discuss the implications of the finiteness of the entanglement entropy for the information paradox, quantum gravity, and holography. (arxiv.org)
Entanglement measures such as the entanglement entropy have become an indispensable tool to identify the fundamental character of ground states of interacting quantum many-body systems. (uni-koeln.de)
We demonstrate the strength of this approach over a recent alternative proposal based on a decomposition in free fermion Green's functions by studying the entanglement entropy of one-dimensional Hubbard systems both at zero and finite temperatures. (uni-koeln.de)

For a continuous random variable, differential entropy is analogous to entropy. (wikipedia.org)
It is also termed differential entropy. (vitalflux.com)

Entropy in information theory is directly analogous to the entropy in statistical thermodynamics. (wikipedia.org)
Paul Burkett s recent paper supporting Georgescu-Roegen s fourth law of thermodynamics attempts to seek convergence of Marxist theory with ecological economics. (redandgreen.org)
The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics , where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics , and to the principles of information theory . (wikipedia.org)
Entropy is central to the second law of thermodynamics , which states that the entropy of an isolated system left to spontaneous evolution cannot decrease with time. (wikipedia.org)
A number of attempts have been made to formalize aspects of GSO within information theory, thermodynamics and dynamical systems. (mdpi.com)
Mechanics and Thermodynamics can be fundamentally united by density operators with an ontic status obeying a locally maximum entropy production dynamics. (pirsa.org)
misc{ pirsa_PIRSA:09100088, doi = {10.48660/09100088}, url = {https://pirsa.org/09100088}, author = {beretta, gian paolo}, keywords = {Quantum Foundations}, language = {en}, title = {Mechanics and Thermodynamics can be fundamentally united by density operators with an ontic status obeying a locally maximum entropy production dynamics. (pirsa.org)
Herein, we study the QPT and thermodynamics of 1D spin-1/2 anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains by Green's function theory. (frontiersin.org)
This essay is intended to give a short overview of textbook understanding of Shannon Information, Entropy, Uncertainty in thermodynamics and Intelligent Design. (uncommondescent.com)
But my personal suggestion, tread information theory and thermodynamics with caution. (uncommondescent.com)
Review of kinetic theory of gases and first law of thermodynamics. (sussex.ac.uk)

If we choose to recognize the energy microstates as the chosen microstates to calculate Shannon entropy, that is the thermodynamic entropy of the system expressed in Shannon bits versus the traditional thermodynamic entropy measure in Joules/Kelvin. (uncommondescent.com)
Microstates, entropy, second law. (sussex.ac.uk)

Where Pi represents the probability of a specific value of the random variable X. The following represents the entropy of a continuous random variable. (vitalflux.com)
F.P. Tarasenko, On the evaluation of an unknown probability density function, the direct estimation of the entropy from independent observations of a continuous random variable and the distribution-free entropy test of goodness-of-fit. (esaim-ps.org)

The goal of this symposium is to share the latest research advances in materials with high configurational entropy, including high-entropy and complex concentrated alloys, high-entropy oxides/ nitrides, high-entropy metallic glasses, etc and discuss major materials issues for HEMs from property-targeted design to process optimization, from structures to properties, and from the fundamental science to viable industrial applications. (mrs.org)

Quantum topological descriptors were discussed using quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) with the help of Multiwfn software. (bvsalud.org)

Recent studies state that the entropy velocity law allows expeditive methodology for discharge estimation and rating curve development due to the simple mathematical formulation and implementation. (intechopen.com)
I.A. Ahmad and P.E. Lin, A nonparametric estimation of the entropy for absolutely continuous distributions. (esaim-ps.org)
D. Chauveau and P. Vandekerkhove, A Monte Carlo estimation of the entropy for Markov chains. (esaim-ps.org)
L. Györfi and E.C. Van Der Meulen, An entropy estimate based on a Kernel density estimation, Limit Theorems in Probability and Statistics Pécs (Hungary). (esaim-ps.org)
A. Mokkadem, Estimation of the entropy and information of absolutely continuous random variables. (esaim-ps.org)
The aim of this workshop is to bring together researchers from a range of backgrounds to present the latest work on the estimation of entropy and other functionals. (cam.ac.uk)

I previously critiqued the misuse of thermodynamic concepts, especially entropy, in environmental green and Marxist discourse, in an attempt to reground the project for Marxian communism on robust physical theory that comes to terms with ecological issues (Schwartzman, 1996). (redandgreen.org)
An interesting scientific question is what happens to thermodynamic concepts such as work, heat and entropy, developed for large machines and engines during the industrial revolution, when we take our investigations to small, nanoscale systems governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. (lu.se)

Multi-component high entropy alloys (MHEAs), defined as four or more components in roughly equi-atomic concentrations randomly arranged on a single phase crystalline lattice, are of current interest due to both their potential for unique thermodynamic phase stability 1-3 and for their potential applications. (aip.org)

However, nonlinearity imposes a high price: the maximum entropy production (MEP) dynamical law does not have a universal structure like that of the Liouville-von Neumann equation obeyed by the density operator within the epistemic (statistical mechanics) view. (pirsa.org)
Entropy, Statistical Evidence, and Scientific Inference: Evidence Functions in Theory and Applications. (nih.gov)
A.V. Ivanov and M.N. Rozhkova, Properties of the statistical estimate of the entropy of a random vector with a probability density (in Russian). (esaim-ps.org)

Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann explained entropy as the measure of the number of possible microscopic arrangements or states of individual atoms and molecules of a system that comply with the macroscopic condition of the system. (wikipedia.org)
We can relate thermodynamic entropy S Shannon expressed in Shannon Bits to traditionally-expressed thermodynamic entropy number S Boltzmann in Joules/Kelvin. (uncommondescent.com)

The concept of information entropy was introduced by Claude Shannon in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication", and is also referred to as Shannon entropy. (wikipedia.org)
Shannon considered various ways to encode, compress, and transmit messages from a data source, and proved in his famous source coding theorem that the entropy represents an absolute mathematical limit on how well data from the source can be losslessly compressed onto a perfectly noiseless channel. (wikipedia.org)
And while "un-guessability" isn't a well-defined mathematical concept, or even a real word, entropy is. (hackaday.com)

B Halle & F Persson, J Chem Theory Comput 9 , 2838-2848 (2013). (lu.se)

Density functional theory calculations were carried out for three entropic rocksalt oxides, (Mg 0.1 Co 0.1 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 Zn 0.1 )O 0.5 , termed J14, and J14 + Li and J14 + Sc, to understand the role of charge neutrality and electronic states on their properties, and to probe whether simple expressions may exist that predict stability. (aip.org)

Claude Shannon 's concept of entropy is essentially this: count up the minimum number of yes/no questions it would take to figure out whatever your secret is. (hackaday.com)

and (2) complementing the remaining usual postulates of quantum theory with an 'additional postulate' which effectively seeks to incorporate the Second Law into the fundamental level of description. (pirsa.org)
As their applications, no-cloning theorems, information-disturbance theorems are reformulated, and a bound of the accessible informations is discussed in general probabilistic theories, not resorting to quantum theory. (elsevierpure.com)
The quantum phase diagram is renormalized by the anisotropy (∆), which manifests a quantum critical point (QCP) h c = 1 + ∆ signaling the transition from gapless Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) to gapped ferromagnetic (FM) state, demonstrated by the magnetic entropy and thermal Drude weight. (frontiersin.org)
Here we report a generalization of the replica technique for the calculation of Renyi entropies to the framework of determinantal Quantum Monte Carlo simulations-the numerical method of choice for unbiased, large-scale simulations of interacting fermionic systems. (uni-koeln.de)
The geometry in various solvents was calculated using quantum chemical calculation utilizing density functional theory (DFT). (bvsalud.org)

A random number between 1 and 1,000,000 has just under 20 bits of entropy. (hackaday.com)
A good long-term password should probably have in excess of 128 bits of entropy. (hackaday.com)
Quick quiz: If you generate a 256-bit random number from a good cryptographic PRNG, it will have 256 bits of entropy, right? (hackaday.com)
If you didn't pick a seed completely randomly from at least 2 256 possibilities, your number will have fewer than 256 bits of entropy. (hackaday.com)

Halmos would go on to write many other important books, on Hilbert Spaces , Measure Theory , Ergodic Theory, and Set Theory . (maa.org)

In this note, we enlighten the main connections between Rényi entropies and nonlinear diffusion equations. (arxiv.org)

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). (mdpi.com)

Thus, information theory fundamentals are key to processing information while building machine learning models. (vitalflux.com)
Starting from the concepts of energy and entropy, the text guides the reader through the fundamentals of molecular simulation, with a lot of examples provided on the way. (lu.se)

Entropy has relevance to other areas of mathematics such as combinatorics and machine learning. (wikipedia.org)

The standard molar thermodynamic entropy of copper is 33.2 Joules/Kelvin/Mol. (uncommondescent.com)

In recent decades, Information Theory has contributed to significant advances in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics across a broad range of topics. (mdpi.com)

Entropy represents the amount of information associated with the random variable as the function of the probability distribution for that random variable, be the probability distribution be probability density function (PDF) or probability mass function (PMF). (vitalflux.com)
As a result, the ontic status is acquired not only by the density operator, but also by the entropy (which emerges as a microscopic property of matter, at the same level as energy), and by irreversibility (which emerges as a microscopic dynamical effect). (pirsa.org)
P.P.B. Eggermont and V.N. LaRiccia, Best asymptotic normality of the Kernel density entropy estimator for Smooth densities. (esaim-ps.org)
L. Györfi and E.C. Van Der Meulen, Density-free convergence properties of various estimators of the entropy. (esaim-ps.org)
Flory-Huggins, density functional theory for polymers. (lu.se)
In this study, the effect of non-covalent interaction in the tapinarof-EtOH systems is evaluated, particularly the hydrogen-bonding interaction using density functional theory in a gas phase. (bvsalud.org)

Phase diagrams for simple gases, gas mixtures, virial coefficients, van der Waals equation of state, empirical equations of state, generalized van der Waals theory. (lu.se)
Generalized van der Waals equations, weighted functional theories, correlation and non-locality approximations. (lu.se)

[4] quasi-potential methods based upon Lyapunov theory are developed where the energy or potential is decomposed into two terms: one related to the dynamical equations and the other chosen to minimize its effect on state transitions. (lu.se)

These three parameters are high spectral entropy (hsEntropy), high spectral detrended fluctuation analysis (hsDFA) and spectral multi-taper method (sMTM). (bvsalud.org)

In information theory, the entropy of a random variable is the average level of "information", "surprise", or "uncertainty" inherent to the variable's possible outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. (wikipedia.org)
The phrases "Shannon Information", "Shannon Uncertainty", "Shannon Entropy" are all the same. (uncommondescent.com)
When someone transmits 1 megabit of information, the sender is sending 1 megabit of Shannon information, and the receiver is getting a reduction of 1 megabit of Shannon Uncertainty, and the ensemble of all possible configurations of 1 megabits has 1 million degrees of freedom as described by 1 megabit of Shannon entropy. (uncommondescent.com)
The word "Information" is preferred over "Uncertainty" and "Entropy" even though as can be seen they will yield essentially the same number. (uncommondescent.com)

Concepts including self-information, entropy, and mutual information have guided the progress of research ranging from physics to the biological sciences. (mdpi.com)
In this blog post, we will provide examples of information theory concepts and entropy concepts so that you can better understand them. (vitalflux.com)
We will also discuss how concepts of information theory, entropy, etc are related to machine learning . (vitalflux.com)
What is information theory and what are its key concepts? (vitalflux.com)

In this paper we present a detection system of HTTP DDoS attacks in a Cloud environment based on Information Theoretic Entropy and Random Forest ensemble learning algorithm. (hindawi.com)
A time-based sliding window algorithm is used to estimate the entropy of the network header features of the incoming network traffic. (hindawi.com)
but DFA rather than Shannon entropy is the algorithm applied. (bvsalud.org)

In 1994, QIU Wanhua also presents group decision-making complex entropy model [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

Kinetic theory of gases. (up.ac.za)

His theories on the genesis of cervical cancer were incorrect, and his protocol for colposcopic evaluation was clinically impractical, so the search for alternative methods for cervical cancer screening continued. (medscape.com)

In decision trees , entropy helps formulate information gain to help the splitter select the conditions during the growth of a classification decision tree. (google.com)
Splitters use values derived from either gini impurity or entropy to compose conditions for classification decision trees . (google.com)
For systems of interacting spin or bosonic degrees of freedom much recent progress has been made not only in the analytical description of their respective entanglement entropies but also in their numerical classification. (uni-koeln.de)
When the estimated entropy exceeds its normal range the preprocessing and the classification tasks are triggered. (hindawi.com)

Markers of neural autonomic control and neurovisceral complexity (entropy) were computed from HRV time series. (nature.com)
Based on the neurovisceral integration model, we hypothesized that neurophysiological complexity may be altered by mild stress, which is reflected in entropy of the cardiac output signal. (nature.com)

Red-green theory and practice should be firmly based on robust thermodynamic theory. (redandgreen.org)
I submit that only a red green practice informed by the most robust theories and knowledge derived from the natural and physical sciences and an historical materialist approach to social change can measure up to the immense challenges now facing humanity. (redandgreen.org)
Such is the urgency of constructing a robust red green theory and practice. (redandgreen.org)
Further, the continued appropriation of fallacious thermodynamic interpretations undermines the grounding of effective red green theory and practice. (redandgreen.org)
Our PhD education is based on artistic theory and practice. (lu.se)

Systems tend to go from a state of order (low entropy) to a state of maximum disorder (high entropy). (foldoc.org)

The present work deals with the use of entropy velocity profile approach in order to give a general framework of threats and opportunities related to robust operational application of such laws in the field of rating curve assessment. (intechopen.com)
Finally, entropy model may represent a robust and useful tool for the water discharge assessment in rough ditches. (intechopen.com)

In particular, Georgescu-Roegen s proposed fourth law conflating isolated and closed systems is in contradiction with thermodynamic theory and leads to false conclusions regarding recycling and the prospects of a solarized economy. (redandgreen.org)
As a result, isolated systems evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium , where the entropy is highest. (wikipedia.org)
The specific entropy information theory in calculus we're talking about refers to data systems that have random outcomes. (calculus-help.com)
We also combine theory and experiment to study fluctuation-driven transport phenomena in nanoelectronic systems. (lu.se)
Nuclear magnetic relaxation by the dipolar EMOR mechanism: General theory with applications to two-spin systems. (lu.se)

Applying the entropy principle to determine the weights of evaluation indexes has the scientific and the accuracy nature. (hindawi.com)
We also propose the principle of equality for pure states which makes general probabilistic theories more realistic, and we discuss the role of entropies as a measure of pureness. (elsevierpure.com)

and Mishra & Coulibaly (2014) , Husain (1979) originally applied information theory to the field of hydrometric network design. (iwaponline.com)

Herein, a dual entropy multi-objective optimization (DEMO) method uses information theory to identify locations where the addition of a hydrometric station would optimally complement the information content of an existing network. (iwaponline.com)
In a sample British Columbia streamflow network, he used joint entropy and a stepwise optimization to maximize the information content. (iwaponline.com)
considered joint entropy, transinformation (TI) and total correlation as design objectives and used a weighted single objective optimization method to design a hydrometric network in Texas. (iwaponline.com)

Any Linux system, on a single-board computer or on your high-powered workstation, pulls entropy from the last few digits in the timestamp of interrupts fired off by keyboard, mouse, disk drive, or other hardware events. (hackaday.com)
High-entropy materials (HEMs) has become an exciting and vibrant field of materials science as a new generation of materials. (mrs.org)

An equivalent definition of entropy is the expected value of the self-information of a variable. (wikipedia.org)
The definition can be derived from a set of axioms establishing that entropy should be a measure of how informative the average outcome of a variable is. (wikipedia.org)

In this case a coin flip has an entropy of one bit. (wikipedia.org)
For example, we could look at the 4 digit year on a coin and consider the Shannon entropy associated with the year. (uncommondescent.com)

A distribution has the highest possible entropy when all values of a random variable are equally likely. (google.com)

In addition, around QCP, the QC scaling is performed by analyzing the entropy and thermal Drude weight to extract the critical exponents ( α , δ , and β ) that fulfill the Essamm-Fisher scaling law, which provides a novel thermodynamic means to detect QPT for experiment. (frontiersin.org)

It is derived by applying Shannon entropy to the multi-taper method power spectrum. (bvsalud.org)
An improved method to predict the entropy term with the MM/PBSA approach. (lu.se)
This method is based on an entropy threshold computed from the amino acid composition at the well known PB2-627 position of avian influenza viruses (entropy value of 0.4 was based on 95 avian influenza genomes, as of early 2006), which contains mostly glutamic acid in the native avian hosts of the viruses. (cdc.gov)

Entropy is a measure of the number of possible choices from which our secret value could have been drawn, and it's a way to measure hardness-to-guess, strength of passwords , and it's what people mean when they say that some procedure generates "kinda random" versus "very random" numbers. (hackaday.com)

The point of these is examples is to show there is no one Shannon Entropy to describe a system. (uncommondescent.com)

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations8

Humanities1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Cross entropy7

Shannon's4

Relative entropy1

Formula for the entropy1

Entanglement entropy4

Differential entropy2

Thermodynamics11

Microstates2

Continuous random v2

Configurational1

Topological1

Estimation6

Thermodynamic concepts2

Alloys1

Statistical3

Boltzmann2

Mathematical3

Comput1

Oxides1

Claude Shannon1

Quantum5

Bits4

Ergodic theory1

Nonlinear1

ISSN1

Fundamentals2

Mathematics1

Joules1

Advances1

Density6

Waals2

Equations1

Spectral1

Uncertainty5

Concepts4

Algorithm3

19941

Kinetic1

Methods1

Classification4

Complexity2

Practice5

Disorder1

Robust2

Systems5

Principle2

19791

Optimization3

High2

Definition2

Coin2

Equally1

Thermal1

Method3

Measure of the number of possible1

Describe1