ScrotumTunica vaginalisDeferensSpermAppendix testisTesticleBlood supply to the testisSpermatic cordScrotalHuman testisSeminiferous tubulesTorsionMouse testisRight testisAndrogenSeminal vesicleDuctusGlandsPosteriorTesticlesAbdominalHistologicalEpitheliumLiverTissuesDuctsTubulesSecretionsSpermatogenesisOrgansGerm cellPalpationGeneStructuresTissueProportionMiceFetusMaleSitsInfection
Scrotum8
- Over the last 3 months of gestation, the testis must course its way down from its original retroperitoneal position to its final destination in the scrotum. (medscape.com)
- The testis is a paired, ovoid male reproductive organ that sits in the scrotum, separated from its mate by a scrotal septum. (medscape.com)
- Inferiorly, the testis is anchored to the scrotum by the scrotal ligament, a remnant of the gubernaculum. (medscape.com)
- This is the reason why the testes are located in a bag of skin called the scrotal sacs (or scrotum ) that hangs below the body and where the evaporation of secretions from special glands can further reduce the temperature. (wikibooks.org)
- It is a novel endourologic technique that explores the scrotum and easily provides a direct and clear view of the testis and epididymis. (hindawi.com)
- As the fetus matures, the testes descend into the scrotum. (medscape.com)
- The testes are ovoid (10 cm - 14 cm × 6 cm - 8 cm without the epididymis) and suspended into the scrotum with a vertical long axis. (scielo.org.za)
- Cryptorchidism is a condition whereby one or both testes and the associated structures are absent in the scrotum because of a failure of the testes to descend from the pre-natal abdominal position. (scielo.org.za)
Tunica vaginalis8
- The tunica vaginalis testis (a remnant of the processus vaginalis) envelopes the testis in a double layer, except at the superior and posterior borders where the spermatic cord and epididymis adhere to the testes. (medscape.com)
- The visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis testis is closely applied to the testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens. (medscape.com)
- Deep to the tunica vaginalis, the tunica albuginea is a tough, fibrous outer covering of the testis. (medscape.com)
- The appendix testis (or hydatid of Morgagni) is a vestigial remnant of the Müllerian duct, present on the upper pole of the testis and attached to the tunica vaginalis. (wikipedia.org)
- The scrotal part of the processus vaginalis mostly surrounds the testis to form the tunica vaginalis, although the posterior aspect of the testis that is attached to the epididymis is not covered by the tunica. (medscape.com)
- This anomaly is known as the "bell-clapper" deformity, in which the tunica vaginalis completely surrounds the testis. (aafp.org)
- In this disorder, incomplete attachment of the gubernaculum and testicular tunics to dartos fascia causes the cord to twist above the level of the testis and tunica vaginalis. (aafp.org)
- An increased incidence of tumours was reported in multiple tissues, such as the mesothelial tissues (tunica vaginalis of the testis, epididymis, abdominal wall or surface of abdominal organs), skin (subcutaneous tissues), mammary gland, liver and lungs, in rats exposed via the diet. (gc.ca)
Deferens3
- Acute epididymitis is caused by infection of the patient's urinary system and spreads to the epididymis along the vas deferens. (selfgrowth.com)
- During their passage through the epididymis to the vas deferens, sperm acquire their motility. (jci.org)
- Testes, seminal vesicles, epididymis + vas deferens. (jax.org)
Sperm7
- The epididymal head overhangs the upper pole of the testis, receives the seminal fluid from the ducts of the testis (which pierce the upper portion of the mediastinum), then allows the passage of the sperm into the distal portion of the epididymis. (medscape.com)
- The male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes that produce sperm (or spermatozoa ), ducts that transport the sperm to the penis and glands that add secretions to the sperm to make semen (see diagram 13.2). (wikibooks.org)
- Testicular biopsy is indicated in azoospermic men with a normal-sized testis and normal findings on hormonal studies to evaluate for ductal obstruction, to further evaluate idiopathic infertility, and to retrieve sperm. (medscape.com)
- No treatment related effects were seen in sperm counts from the epididymis. (cdc.gov)
- Immotile sperm flow from the lumen of the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis via the rete testis. (jci.org)
- The male will present with severe inflammation and/or infection of the epididymis (that part of the testicle where sperm matures and is stored). (akc.org)
- Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis (the coiled tube on top of the testis that provides the space and environment for sperm to mature), and epididymo-orchitis is inflammation of the epididymis and testes. (msdmanuals.com)
Appendix testis3
- The appendix testis is a small appendage of normal tissue that is usually located on the upper portion of the testis. (chop.edu)
- Pain is caused when the appendix testis twists and cuts off its own blood supply. (chop.edu)
- Other diagnoses in the differential of acute scrotal pain include epidydmitis with or without orchitis, trauma, incarcerted hernia, and torsion of the appendix testis. (medscape.com)
Testicle8
- The appendix epididymis is a small appendage on the top of the epididymis (a tube-shaped structure connected to the testicle). (chop.edu)
- Longitudinal color Doppler image demonstrates no flow to the testicle and enlargement of the epididymis and spermatic cord, which are avascular as well. (medscape.com)
- Anesthesia of the testicle and epididymis is best understood starting from the embryological origin of the respective structures. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, administration of local anesthetic to the spermatic cord itself, while establishing anesthesia of the testicle and epididymis, does not establish anesthesia of the overlying skin. (medscape.com)
- If surgery is indicated on the testicle or epididymis, then certainly a general anesthetic is always an option. (medscape.com)
- A patient's refusal to undergo regional anesthesia for surgical procedures of the testicle and epididymis may often be rooted in the belief that he will be awake during the procedure and would just rather be "all the way asleep" for a surgery in this sensitive region. (medscape.com)
- A spermatic cord block is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed to provide anesthesia to the testicle and epididymis. (medscape.com)
- The epididymis is posterior to the testicle. (aafp.org)
Blood supply to the testis2
- Testicular torsion , also termed torsion of the spermatic cord, is a relatively common and potentially devastating acute condition resulting from obstruction of the arterial blood supply to the testis. (medscape.com)
- This twisting also obliterates the blood supply to the testis. (aafp.org)
Spermatic cord4
- Superiorly, it is suspended by the spermatic cord, with the left testis often sitting lower than the right testis. (medscape.com)
- In partial or incomplete torsion, the spermatic cord is twisted less than 360°, allowing some residual blood perfusion to the testis. (medscape.com)
- Changes in the testes depend on the duration of torsion and the degree of rotation of the spermatic cord. (medscape.com)
- The patient should perform the Valsalva maneuver while standing so he can be evaluated for a mass of dilated testicular veins in the spermatic cord forming a varicocele above and behind the testis. (aafp.org)
Scrotal3
- In many animals (including humans) the testes descend into the scrotal sacs at birth but in some animals they do not descend until sexual maturity and in others they only descend temporarily during the breeding season. (wikibooks.org)
- Funiculitis, an inflammation of cord structures, may cause inguinal or scrotal pain, but the testis is normal. (aafp.org)
- The deformity leads to inadequate posterior fixation of the testis to the epididymis and scrotal wall. (aafp.org)
Human testis3
- The role of estrogens in the developing human testis and epididymis remains unknown. (elsevierpure.com)
- Identification of the FOXC2 + spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in adult mouse and human testis. (elifesciences.org)
- H ) t-SNE plot of germ cells in adult human testis (GSE112013), colored by germ cell type. (elifesciences.org)
Seminiferous tubules5
- We induced high fat diet (HFD) obesity in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out Leiden (Ldlr −/− .Leiden) mice, and studied the morphological structure of the testes and histologically examined the proportion of Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. (nature.com)
- A ) The mammalian testis is composed of seminiferous tubules intertwined so that the "start" and "end" of these tubules are both connected to the rete testis. (jci.org)
- B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
- The histopathology of the testes treated with the middle and high 2BP dose showed a typical patch appearance with severely depleted atrophic tubules, exhibiting germ cell necrosis of spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules. (sjweh.fi)
- Spermatogenesis is the complex and tightly regulated differentiation process through which haploid spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. (biomedcentral.com)
Torsion8
- Etiologically, secondary inflammatory changes caused by the complete or incomplete torsion of testicular or epididymis appendices or by the existence of stones in the tunica sac might be responsible for the pain. (hindawi.com)
- The appendix of testis can, occasionally, undergo torsion (i.e. become twisted), causing acute one-sided testicular pain and may require surgical excision to achieve relief. (wikipedia.org)
- Torsion of the appendix of testis occurs at ages 0-15 years, with a mean at 10 years, which is similar to that of testicular torsion. (wikipedia.org)
- Complete torsion occurs when the testis twists 360° or more, usually leading to absence of intratesticular blood flow that can be identified on color Doppler ultrasound examination. (medscape.com)
- During a torsion of the testes, this cord twists. (healthline.com)
- Bilateral torsion, when both testes are simultaneously affected, is extremely rare. (healthline.com)
- Torsion of the testes is a medical emergency, but many adolescents are hesitant to say that they're hurting or seek treatment right away. (healthline.com)
- The free-floating testis is more likely to twist on its cord and strangulate its blood supply through intra-vaginal torsion. (aafp.org)
Mouse testis3
- The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
- However, although numerous studies have investigated the protein-coding genes that show tissue-specific expression and play important roles during spermatogenesis, no previous study has comprehensively identified and characterized the mouse testis-specific lncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
- To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify mouse testis-specific lncRNAs and analyze their characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
Right testis1
- The right testis was situated more cranially than the left and connected to a longer deferent duct with normal ampullae. (scielo.org.za)
Androgen3
- This decreases the local androgen concentration in the testes resulting in depression or spermatogenesis, so treatment with exogenous androgens can be used as a method of contraception in males. (online-sciences.com)
- The finding of estrogen receptors in the human epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostatic carcinoma suggests that estrogen, in addition to androgen, may act in the physiological regulation of these organs. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Abdominal testis translocation is dependent on INSL3 and only partially on testosterone, although the inguinoscrotal migration is androgen reliant (Amann & Veeramachaneni 2007). (scielo.org.za)
Seminal vesicle2
- Estrogen receptors in the human prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, testis, and genital skin: A marker for estrogen-responsive tissues? (johnshopkins.edu)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Estrogen receptors in the human prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, testis, and genital skin: A marker for estrogen-responsive tissues? (johnshopkins.edu)
Ductus1
- In the epididymis AR was expressed in the epithelium and stroma of the efferent ductules and the ductus epididymis by 7 weeks of gestation with increased expression by 12 weeks. (elsevierpure.com)
Glands1
- Anti-Mullerian hormone (Mullerian inhibiting substance) causes regression of the paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct, which forms the female internal genitalia in XX animals), although testosterone drives the development of the male tubular tract, accessory glands and external genitalia, and together with insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) the descent of the testes. (scielo.org.za)
Posterior2
- On the posterior surface, it is reflected inwardly to form an incomplete vertical septum called the mediastinum testis. (medscape.com)
- Located on the posterior border of the testis, it is composed of 3 parts, including the head (caput), body (corpora), and tail (cauda). (medscape.com)
Testicles3
- A mature animal in which one or both testes have not descended is called a cryptorchid and is usually infertile if both testicles have not descended. (wikibooks.org)
- With a relatively noninvasive and simple technique, anesthesia of the testicles and epididymis can be achieved. (medscape.com)
- Anesthesia for surgery on the testicles and epididymis can easily be obtained by performing either a spinal anesthetic (with an insensate level of at least thoracic level 10) or an epidural anesthetic. (medscape.com)
Abdominal3
- Spermatogenesis is also depressed at lower temperatures than 32 °C. For this reason, the dartos muscle contracts in cold weather to draw the testes upwards (in order to be warmed by the abdominal temperature). (online-sciences.com)
- The testes were intra-abdominal, smaller and less ovoid than in normal male giraffes. (scielo.org.za)
- The descent of testis includes three phases: abdominal testis translocation, transinguinal testis migration and inguinoscrotal testis migration. (scielo.org.za)
Histological1
- There were no histological changes in epididymis or testis. (cdc.gov)
Epithelium2
- By contrast, staining of ERα was observed only in the epithelium of the epididymis from 7 weeks of gestation onward with no apparent ERα staining in the tail of the epididymis. (elsevierpure.com)
- The epididymis showed some degree of atrophy with vacuolization of the epididymal epithelium. (sjweh.fi)
Liver1
- We performed microarray analysis of transcripts from mouse brain, heart, kidney, liver and testis. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissues1
- Here, we used microarray analysis to profile the previously annotated lncRNAs and mRNAs expressed in various mouse tissues, including testis. (biomedcentral.com)
Ducts2
- These tubules empty their contents into a network of anastomosing ducts, which ultimately empties into the epididymis. (medscape.com)
- Possible XY, SRY+ testicular DSDs include hypospadias, cryptorchidism, testicular agenesis and hypoplasia, segmental aplasia of the epididymis, deferent ducts and penile hypoplasia (Lyle 2007). (scielo.org.za)
Tubules1
- the epididymis tubules contained no spermatozoa and the deferent duct and vesicular gland were inflamed. (scielo.org.za)
Secretions1
- Testis secretions promote the masculinisation of the internal and external male genitalia. (scielo.org.za)
Spermatogenesis4
- Growth hormone and most of the other hormones: For controlling metabolic functions of the testes, GH specifically promotes early division of the spermatogonia, In its absence, spermatogenesis is severely deficient or entirely absent. (online-sciences.com)
- Spermatogenesis, which is the complex and highly regulated process of producing haploid spermatozoa, involves testis-specific transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study provides a catalog of testis-specific lncRNAs and a basis for future investigation of the lncRNAs involved in spermatogenesis and testicular functions. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is expected that a highly organized intrinsic genetic network is responsible for controlling spermatogenesis in the testis, and that the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism will help us further understand male germ cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
Organs1
- Conclusion The testes are the main target organs tested for 2BP toxicity. (sjweh.fi)
Germ cell2
- Analysis of male germ cell-related cell lines (F9, GC-1 and GC-2) revealed that some of the testis-specific lncRNAs were expressed in each of these cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our results revealed that all of them were expressed exclusively in the testis, and 23 of the 26 showed germ cell-specific expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Palpation1
- Smooth to palpation, the testis sits obliquely with its long axis mostly vertical with a slight anterior and lateral slant to the superior pole. (medscape.com)
Gene2
- Transcription of the SRY gene (testis-determining factor region) on the Y chromosome ultimately leads to sex differentiation. (medscape.com)
- In XY males, the activation of the sex-determining region Y chromosome gene (SRY) initiates testis development. (scielo.org.za)
Structures1
Tissue2
- In contrast, no high affinity binding was demonstrated in cytosol from the testis (0 of 5 determinations) or genital skin (0 of 7 determinations), and only low levels of nuclear receptor (80 fmol/g tissue) were present in the testis (3 of 5 determinations) and genital skin (1 of 7 determinations). (johnshopkins.edu)
- We found that testis has the largest number of tissue-specific lncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Proportion1
- F ) Immunostainings for MKI67 (red), FOXC2 (green), and DAPI (blue) in adult mice testis and the proportion of MKI67 + cells in FOXC2 + population (n=10). (elifesciences.org)
Mice1
- However, there has been no report on the comprehensive identification of testis-specific lncRNAs in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Fetus1
- As the fetus develops, the functioning testis produces the male hormone testosterone to allow development of male genitalia. (medscape.com)
Male1
- The testis (from the Greek word orchis ) is the male gland important for both reproductive (exocrine) and endocrine functions. (medscape.com)
Sits1
- Epididymis, a small tube that sits on top of the testes. (medlineplus.gov)