AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
CryptorchidismTestisHypospadiasOrchiopexyTesticular HydroceleSpermatogenesisLeydig CellsSertoli CellsGenitalia, MaleTesticular DiseasesRete TestisTesticular NeoplasmsTestosteroneUrogenital Surgical ProceduresInfertility, MaleSperm CountHeptachlor EpoxideScrotumEpididymisChlordanSeminiferous TubulesUrogenital AbnormalitiesSpermatozoaOrganotin CompoundsEndocrine DisruptorsDenmarkGonadal DysgenesisSpermatogoniaOrgan SizeInfant, NewbornPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsLuteinizing HormoneOrchiectomyMaternal ExposureUrologic Surgical Procedures, MaleInguinal CanalPregnancyFollicle Stimulating HormoneTrialkyltin CompoundsBeauty CultureAwards and PrizesDecision MakingPublic HealthMethyl ParathionAggressionSocial Dominance
TesticleScrotumTesticlesLeft testisTesticular cancerRight testisCases are bilateralAbdomenHypospadiasScrotalHidden testesBilateral cryptorchidismGerm cellsTunicaTrue undescendedEctopicDiagnosisRetractile testesSmall testesDescentCongenitalMalesTorsionIntra-abdominalSymptomsVaricoceleOrchiopexyInguinal HerniaUltrasoundOccurMonorchidismSeminomaPathologyInfertilityMicropenisPatientsAbdominalInvolveMammalsLocalisationSertoliHypogonadismGenesOvariesSpermPrematureNormalCondition
Testicle11
  • While prematurity is a leading cause, other causes may include hormonal disorders, retractile testes (a muscle reflex that causes a testicle to move back and forth from the scrotum to the groin), testicular absence or the cause may be unknown. (choc.org)
  • Undescended testes can be unilateral (involving only one testicle) or bilateral (involving one testicle). (choc.org)
  • A ectopic testis is a testicle that, although not an undescended testicle, has taken a non-standard path through the body and ended up in an unusual location. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prevalence of left and right testicular retention is nearly equal, though retained left testes are more often in the abdomen while the right retained testicle is more often in the inguinal canal. (acvs.org)
  • Most young adult males think testicular cancer, which develops in the testicle or testis, will develop in their 60s (if at all), like prostate cancer. (aia.com)
  • Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) refer to a condition in which the testicle does not drop and cannot be brought into the scrotum with external manipulation. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • If a testicle can be brought down into the scrotal sac, even if it bounces back up again upon release, it is a retractile testis. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • The word testicle is a diminutive of testis . (wordinfo.info)
  • 2. In the fetus, a fold of tunica vaginalis testis (the serous membrane surrounding the front and sides of the testicle) supporting the mesonephros and the developing testis. (wordinfo.info)
  • An undescended testicle ( cryptorchidism ). (thecancerspecialist.com)
  • Failure for this event to occur in males leads to an undescended testis (testicle), otherwise known as cryptorchidism. (medscape.com)
Scrotum17
  • Other children may require a surgery to bring the testes down into the scrotum. (choc.org)
  • Undescended testes (known medically as cryptorchidism) occur when one or both testicles do not reach the scrotum and remain inside the boy's abdomen or groin (inguinal canal). (southerncross.co.nz)
  • We commonly refer to this finding as cryptorchidism , although by strict definition that term specifically applies to testes that haven't fully completed their epic journey into the scrotum by 4 months of age. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Testicles that have descended, but are prone to retracting out of the scrotum, are called retractile testes and while the phenomenon usually resolves over time they are at increased risk of evolving into a true undescended state. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • citation needed] The positions of the ectopic testis may be: in the lower part of the abdomen, front of thigh, femoral canal, skin of penis or behind the scrotum. (wikipedia.org)
  • During fetal development in boys, the testicles (testes) form in the abdomen and migrate into the scrotum (the sac of skin below the penis). (heainfo.org)
  • In order to produce sperm, testes need to be in the scrotum, which keeps them cooler than normal body temperature. (heainfo.org)
  • Testes that are undescended at birth sometimes descend into the scrotum during early infancy. (heainfo.org)
  • In such cases, surgery is done to move the undescended testes to the scrotum. (heainfo.org)
  • Be sure to ask a doctor or urologist about any swelling around the scrotum or testes. (desaction.org)
  • Normally, the testes develop at 7 to 8 weeks gestation and remain cephalad to the internal inguinal ring until about 28 weeks, when they begin their descent into the scrotum guided by condensed mesenchyme (the gubernaculum). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The terms testis (singular) and testes (plural) refer to the male reproductive gland (or glands), the source of spermatozoa and of the androgens, usually paired in an external scrotum in man and certain other mammals. (wordinfo.info)
  • The testes form in the abdominal area during fetal development and usually descend into the scrotum before birth. (thecancerspecialist.com)
  • [ 4 ] Usually, the scrotum is normal and the testes are maldescended. (medscape.com)
  • Undescended testes Undescended testes (cryptorchidism) are testes that remain in the abdomen or the groin instead of descending into the scrotum. (merckmanuals.com)
  • During normal testicular descent, the testis migrates caudally and traverses through various layers of the abdominal wall to end up in the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. (bvsalud.org)
Testicles2
  • Resolution occurs as the testicles (or testes) descend from the small internal passageway that runs along the abdomen near the groin into the scrotal sac. (choc.org)
  • this is called acquired cryptorchidism or ascending testicles. (heainfo.org)
Left testis3
  • Is the right testis more affected by cryptorchidism than the left testis? (bvsalud.org)
  • In the young group the testis measured in average 3.20 ± 0.44cm, 2.12 ± 0.26cm and 2.11 ± 0.40cm, to right testis and 3.23 ± 0.47cm, 2.21 ± 0.39cm and 1.99 ± 0.36cm, to left testis, to length, width and thickness, respectively. (scielo.br)
  • Histopathological evaluation revealed seminoma of the right testis, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the left testis, and metastatic seminoma in the right groin postoperatively. (cancernetwork.com)
Testicular cancer1
  • The risk of an individual with cryptorchidism developing testicular cancer is directly related to the degree of maldescent. (medscape.com)
Right testis3
  • Scrotal examination revealed a mass on the left side and a small right testis with a hard mass at the lower pole. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Scrotal ultrasound revealed a homogeneous hypoechoic right testis without a mass and a heterogeneous mass containing multiple inhomogeneous cystic areas on the left side. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Outside scrotal ultrasound determined a homogeneous hypoechoic right testis without a distinct mass, measuring 3.8 × 4.1 × 5.2 cm. (cancernetwork.com)
Cases are bilateral1
  • Ten percent of cases are bilateral (involve both testes). (choc.org)
Abdomen3
  • Cryptorchidism is more commonly seen in premature males because the testes do not descend from the abdomen to the scrotal sac until the seventh month of fetal development. (choc.org)
  • Investigations included laboratory workup, ultrasound of both testes, as well as CT-scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The testes live outside of the abdomen for a good reason. (maledoc.com)
Hypospadias4
  • Note that the combination of hypospadias and cryptorchidism should alert the clinician to the possibility of female virilisation. (gpnotebook.com)
  • Hypospadias or cryptorchidism may be seen in patients with IMAGe association. (medscape.com)
  • ABSTRACT This study was carried out to document the prevalence of inguinal hernia, hypospadias, undescended testis and varicocele in 3057 male applicants to the military wing of Mu'ta University in the south of Jordan. (who.int)
  • Prevalence of inguinal hernia and undescended testis were comparable with international prevalence rates, while the rate for hypospadias was higher and that for varicocele lower. (who.int)
Scrotal4
  • Undescended testes are a condition seen most commonly in newborns when one or both of the male testes have not passed down into the scrotal sac. (choc.org)
  • Funiculitis, an inflammation of cord structures, may cause inguinal or scrotal pain, but the testis is normal. (aafp.org)
  • The deformity leads to inadequate posterior fixation of the testis to the epididymis and scrotal wall. (aafp.org)
  • The testes originate in the posterior abdominal cavity and, through certain signals, descend and ultimately reside in the scrotal cavity. (medscape.com)
Hidden testes2
Bilateral cryptorchidism1
  • It is important to realize that over half the patients presenting with unilateral cryptorchidism and the majority of those presenting with bilateral cryptorchidism have abnormal spermiogram which indicates that unilateral cryptorchidism is in fact a bilateral disease and therefore a serious andrological problem. (nih.gov)
Germ cells2
Tunica5
  • This anomaly is known as the "bell-clapper" deformity, in which the tunica vaginalis completely surrounds the testis. (aafp.org)
  • In this disorder, incomplete attachment of the gubernaculum and testicular tunics to dartos fascia causes the cord to twist above the level of the testis and tunica vaginalis. (aafp.org)
  • A collection of water (hydrocele) in the testis, as in the tunica vaginalis or along the spermatic cord. (wordinfo.info)
  • 3. In the adult, a fold of tunica vaginalis testis between the testis and epididymis. (wordinfo.info)
  • [ 1 ] Ultimately, the connection of the processus vaginalis with the peritoneal cavity obliterates and it becomes a serous sac surrounding the testis, called the tunica vaginalis testis. (medscape.com)
True undescended2
  • In the case of true undescended testes, as opposed to absent or retractile testes, there are many possible future complications. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • A true undescended testis remains in the inguinal canal along the path of descent or is less commonly present in the abdominal cavity or retroperitoneum. (msdmanuals.com)
Ectopic1
  • An ectopic testis is one that descends normally through the external ring but diverts to an abnormal location and lies outside the normal course of descent (eg, suprapubically, in the superficial inguinal pouch, within the perineum, or along the inner aspect of the thigh). (msdmanuals.com)
Diagnosis5
  • Diagnosis of undescended testes is made based on a complete medical history and physical examination by a specialist. (choc.org)
  • Cryptorchidism identification was carried out by ultrasound scanning, from November, 1994 to March, 2007, at the Centre for Veterinarian Diagnosis and Support (Centro de Apoio e Diagnóstico Veterinário - CAD), in Rio de Janeiro. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ultrasound scan proved a valuable diagnosis tool for cryptorchid testes , giving precise localisation and parenchymal changes thus leading to a safe clinical treatment . (bvsalud.org)
  • Diagnosis is by testicular examination, sometimes followed by laparoscopy to look for testes that cannot be felt on examination. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The medical problems are very important as presence of the testis in an obscure place they can determine the size of the problem may lead to delay in diagnosis of malig- and help the health authorities to put ap- nancy. (who.int)
Retractile testes1
  • Retractile testes (hypermobile testes) have descended into the. (merckmanuals.com)
Small testes2
Descent2
  • Considered the most common congenital testicular abnormality of companion animals and a predisposition factor to the development of testicular neoplasia , cryptorchidism is defined as the non-descent of one or both testes to their normal anatomical location . (bvsalud.org)
  • This descent of the testis in males creates an inherent weakness in the abdominal wall at the inguinal canal. (medscape.com)
Congenital2
  • Cryptorchidism, which is also diagnosed initially when one or both testes is absent, is the most common congenital abnormal finding related to the male genitourinary tract. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Primary hypogonadism (congenital or acquired): testicular failure due to cryptorchidism, bilateral torsion, orchitis, vanishing testis syndrome, or orchidectomy. (sideload.com)
Males3
  • Males whose fathers had undescended testes have a higher rate of undescended testes themselves. (choc.org)
  • Males with this condition can have undescended testes (cryptorchidism). (nih.gov)
  • Six percent of fathers of males with undescended testis have also had this problem. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Torsion3
  • The free-floating testis is more likely to twist on its cord and strangulate its blood supply through intra-vaginal torsion. (aafp.org)
  • Testicular Torsion Testicular torsion is an emergency condition due to rotation of the testis and consequent strangulation of its blood supply. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In undescended testis there is increased incidence of infertility, torsion, In any community, statistical studies of malignancy and exposure to trauma. (who.int)
Intra-abdominal2
Symptoms3
  • What are the symptoms of undescended testes? (choc.org)
  • Symptoms of cryptorchidism may resemble other conditions or medical problems. (choc.org)
  • Academy of Pediatrics, 5 out of 100 chil- to functional disturbance of the testis and dren have inguinal hernias (more boys than surgical treatment leads to improvement of girls), some may not have symptoms until semen quality [ 11 ]. (who.int)
Varicocele1
  • The patient should perform the Valsalva maneuver while standing so he can be evaluated for a mass of dilated testicular veins in the spermatic cord forming a varicocele above and behind the testis. (aafp.org)
Orchiopexy1
  • [ 4 ] Orchiopexy performed before puberty reduces the risk of germ cell tumors and improves the ability to observe the testis. (medscape.com)
Inguinal Hernia1
  • The testis is usually developed, and accompanied by an indirect inguinal hernia. (wikipedia.org)
Ultrasound1
  • Forty-six (88.5%) testes were localised pre-operatively by ultrasound- 20 of 22 (90.9%) palpable testes and 26 of 30 (86.7%) non-palpable testes. (bvsalud.org)
Occur5
  • Undescended testes may occur for several reasons. (choc.org)
  • Undescended testes occur in approximately 3 to 5 percent of male infants. (choc.org)
  • Undescended testes occur in 3 to 4 percent of full-term infants. (choc.org)
  • In fact, 7-10% of testis tumors occur in association with cryptorchidism. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] However, 25% of the cancers found in association with cryptorchidism occur in the contralateral, normally descended testis, which suggests that a developmental defect is responsible for both the maldescent and the tumor. (medscape.com)
Monorchidism1
Seminoma1
Pathology1
  • Primary hypogonadism results from pathology within the testis, and secondary hypogonadism occurs due to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. (aafp.org)
Infertility3
  • Infertility, especially if both testes are affected. (choc.org)
  • Exclusion criteria included cryptorchidism, infertility caused by genetic or infectious diseases, and cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • It can be life threatening, or cause for infertility as it elevates the can lead to loss of the testis or part of the temperature of the testis and this disturbs intestine if strangulation occurs. (who.int)
Micropenis1
Patients3
  • However, in patients with one undescended testis, 10% of cancers develop on the normal side. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Matériel et Méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective portant sur 13 dossiers de patients qui ont été pris en charge au service d'Urologie-Andrologie l'hôpital Gabriel Touré du Mali pour traumatisme des bourses durant la période allant de Février 2006 à Janvier 2013. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients and Methods: A prospective evaluation of all boys undergoing operation for undescended testes at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, over a 12 month period was performed. (bvsalud.org)
Abdominal1
  • Cryptorchidism was more common in the inguinal region of dog of small sized breeds and in the abdominal region in dogs of medium- and large-sized breeds. (bvsalud.org)
Involve1
Mammals1
  • The demonstration by researchers that castrated rabbit embryos of both sexes developed as females proved that testes are required for development of the male phenotype in mammals. (medscape.com)
Localisation2
  • Background: The use of ultrasonography in the pre-operative localisation of undescended testes has become controversial due to fears about its accuracy. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study was designed to ascertain the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of ultrasonography in the localisation of the undescended testes in children. (bvsalud.org)
Sertoli2
  • Ex vivo exposure of first trimester testes to CBD, THC, or CBD/THC [ratio 1:1] at 10 −7 to 10 −5 M altered testosterone secretion by Leydig cells, AMH secretion by Sertoli cells, and impacted testicular cell proliferation and viability as early as 72 h post-exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depending on the molecules and testis age, highly deleterious effects of phytocannabinoid exposure were observed on testis tissue after 14 days, including Sertoli and germ cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypogonadism1
  • When the testes fail to produce an adequate level of endogenous testosterone, men develop hypogonadism. (aafp.org)
Genes2
  • Transcriptomic analysis on 72 h-exposed fetal testis explants revealed 187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes involved in steroid synthesis and toxic substance response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 1 ] Differentiation of the primitive gonad into testis is controlled by a multitude of genes, beginning with the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY), which is believed to represent the testis-determining factor. (medscape.com)
Ovaries1
Sperm5
  • Complete semen analyses, sperm functional tests, SHBG, and hormonal levels, testosterone-to-estradiol ratio (T/E 2 ), and testis volume were evaluated. (frontiersin.org)
  • It's useful to know how long it takes to make sperm in the testis. (maledoc.com)
  • Based on the brilliant work of Charles Leblond and Yves Clermont in the 1950s and 1960s studying how testes looked under the microscope, scientists guessed that it took about two and a half months to make a human sperm. (maledoc.com)
  • From the moment a sperm sets out on the testis assembly line, it looks like it takes about two months before it reaches the end. (maledoc.com)
  • Testes that don't descend, a condition called "cryptorchidism," have real problems making sperm. (maledoc.com)
Premature1
  • Up to one-third of premature male infants have an undescended testis. (choc.org)
Normal2
  • Rarely testes descend but do not end up in a normal anatomical position, settling in surrounding tissue such as the superficial inguinal pouch or suprapubic region. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • The ultimate goal in the treatment of cryptorchidism is to achieve normal fertility. (nih.gov)
Condition1