Terminals neurons synapses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Voytenko and Galazyuk, 2006 ), a process regulated by the number of excitatory vs. inhibitory (E/I) contacts received by a single neuron. (frontiersin.org)
Confocal microscopy revealed that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons express βAR248. (frontiersin.org)
2016). We extend these results here by showing that the probability of presynaptic vesicular release is reduced when an uncleaved α 2 δ is expressed in rat neurons and that this inhibitory effect is reversed when cleavage of α 2 δ is restored. (elifesciences.org)
Axon regeneration is then prevented by a combination of inhibitory signals that emerge at the injury site and by a low capacity for regeneration within injured neurons. (biorxiv.org)
While this compensatory plasticity in the auditory system relies on robust dendritic sprouting and novel synapse formation, the compensatory plasticity in the cercal escape circuitry shows little obvious dendritic sprouting and instead may rely on shifts in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength. (biomedcentral.com)
Preservation of inhibitory synaptic terminals was accompanied by significant improvement in the motor as well as in the nociceptive recovery. (hindawi.com)
A neuron can simultaneously receive many impulses-excitatory and inhibitory-from other neurons and integrate simultaneous impulses into various patterns of firing. (msdmanuals.com)

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and muscle fiber. (intechopen.com)
It is generally accepted to consider this contact only as a specialized morpho-functional structure, where chemical transmission (via release of the acetylcholine (ACh)) of electrical signal from motor neuron to muscle fiber occurs, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. (intechopen.com)
Muscle contraction is stimulated by the motor neuron sending a message to the muscles from the somatic nervous system . (wikidoc.org)
Depolarization of the motor neuron results in neurotransmitters being released from the nerve terminal. (wikidoc.org)

In a mammalian brain the computing units, neurons, are connected to each other through programmable junctions called synapses,' Wei Lu, an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, explains to Nanowerk. (nanowerk.com)
Now, in a study published this week in the Journal of Neuroscience , researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) and Nagoya University have revealed how a commonly used general anesthetic called isoflurane weakens the transmission of electrical signals between neurons, at junctions called synapses. (oist.jp)

Transferring neurotransmitters from one neuron to another requires the fusion of the vesicle's membrane with its host plasma membrane. (sciencedaily.com)
At nerve terminals, activated C-fibers convey neurotransmitters or neuromodulators that generate a barrage of impulses at the synapse and hyperexcite postsynaptic receptors. (medscape.com)
Neurons can also adjust the amount of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) they release as well as the number of membrane proteins (receptors) that receive messages. (brainfacts.org)
First, an electrical signal in a neuron triggers the release of chemical messengers - called neurotransmitters - from its axon terminals. (brainfacts.org)
Those neurotransmitters from the "sending," or presynaptic, neuron diffuse across the synaptic gap to the "receiving," or postsynaptic, neuron. (brainfacts.org)
The receptors then release the neurotransmitters, which are recycled back into the presynaptic terminal or broken down enzymatically, allowing postsynaptic receptors to receive new signals from the presynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
This, in turn, activates several kinds of enzymes, some of which increase the number of synaptic receptors, making the synapse more sensitive to neurotransmitters. (brainfacts.org)
Among the many proteins produced are neurotrophins , which stimulate the growth of the synapse and structural elements, stabilizing increased sensitivity to neurotransmitters. (brainfacts.org)
These neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and bind to specific receptor sites on the sarcolemma (cell membrane of the muscle fiber). (wikidoc.org)
At most synapses, communication occurs via chemical messengers - or neurotransmitters. (oist.jp)
When an electrical nerve impulse, or action potential, arrives at the end of the presynaptic neuron, this causes synaptic vesicles - tiny membrane 'packets' that contain neurotransmitters - to fuse with the terminal membrane, releasing the neurotransmitters into the gap between neurons. (oist.jp)
When enough neurotransmitters are sensed by the postsynaptic neuron, this triggers a new action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. (oist.jp)
The most important means for neurons to communicate with each other is transmission through chemical synapses, where the release of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic nerve terminal of one neuron influences the function of a second neuron. (libribook.com)
A neuron generates and propagates an action potential along its axon, then transmits this signal across a synapse by releasing neurotransmitters, which trigger a reaction in another neuron or an effector cell (eg, muscle cells, most exocrine and endocrine cells). (msdmanuals.com)
Neurotransmitters enable neurons to communicate with each other. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurotransmitters that are released bind to receptors on another neuron. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurons that release neurotransmitters are called presynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
In such cases, the dendrites (a neuron's receiving branches) on the postsynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters that affect receptors on the presynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
Retrograde transmission can inhibit presynaptic neurons from releasing additional neurotransmitters and help control the level of activity and communication among neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
Impulse transmission is chemical, caused by release of specific neurotransmitters from the nerve ending (terminal). (msdmanuals.com)
Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind briefly to specific receptors on the adjoining neuron or effector cell. (msdmanuals.com)
instead, they communicate through the transmission of neurotransmitters across the synapses. (msdmanuals.com)

By electron microscopy, βAR 248 was present in neuronal cell bodies, dendritic shafts and spines, and some axon terminals and astrocytes. (frontiersin.org)
It diffuses to presynaptic axon terminals where it activates CB1 receptors. (vumc.org)
CB1 receptors are located on both GABAergic and glutamatergic axon terminals synapsing onto principle neurons. (vumc.org)

The receiving neuron on the other site of the synapse detects the neurotransmitter via receptors and converts it again into electrical activity. (sciencedaily.com)
Recent studies revealed a key role for PSD- 95, a scaffolding molecule enriched at glutamatergic synapses, in modulation of clustering of several neurotransmitter receptors, adhesion molecules, ion channels, cytoskeletal elements and signaling molecules at postsynaptic sites. (frontiersin.org)
The postsynaptic compartment of excitatory synapses is characterized by an electron-dense region, referred to as the postsynaptic density (PSD), attributable to the high density of neurotransmitter receptors and associated molecules at these sites. (frontiersin.org)
To understand better the cellular mechanisms of NE and its adrenergic receptors in the LA, we used antibodies directed against dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), the synthetic enzyme for NE, or against two different isoforms of the beta-adrenergic receptors (βARs), one that predominately recognizes neurons (βAR 248) and the other astrocytes (βAR 404), to characterize the microenvironments of DβH and βAR. (frontiersin.org)
Encoding a new long-term memory involves persistent changes in the number and shape of synapses, as well as the number of chemical messages sent and molecular docking stations, or receptors, available to receive the messages. (brainfacts.org)
There, they interact with receptors embedded in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
In general, LTP involves an increase in the number of glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. (brainfacts.org)
Increasing the number of receptors on the postsynaptic cell strengthens a synapse by allowing more electrically conductive ions to enter. (brainfacts.org)
2006 ). The majority of CB1 receptors is localized on striatal glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons and projection neurons. (springer.com)
Neurexins (Nrxns) are one family of presynaptic molecules that bind to postsynaptic ligands such as neuroligins, leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins, neurexophilins, dystroglycan, GABA A receptors, and GluD2-cerebellin-1 and mediate the proper assembly and functional maturation of synapses in an isoform-specific manner ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
Normal neuromuscular junction showing a presynaptic terminal with a motor nerve ending in an enlargement (bouton terminale): Synaptic cleft and postsynaptic membrane with multiple folds and embedded with several acetylcholine receptors. (medscape.com)
Receptors often include nonneural elements which incorporate and interact with the axon terminal in initiating generator potentials. (cdc.gov)

Nerve injury leads to degeneration of distal terminal and dying back (retrograde chromatolysis). (asra.com)
And these molecules can be released from both nerve terminal (anterograde signal), and from muscle fiber (retrograde signal). (intechopen.com)
eCBs are important retrograde modulators of synaptic signaling at central synapses. (vumc.org)
Finally, when KLF6 was delivered to injured neurons with a highly effective retrograde vector, combined KLF6/NPC treatment yielded significant improvements in forelimb function. (biorxiv.org)
Experimentally, a well-accepted model to mimic axotomy injury retrograde repercussion to spinal neurons is the neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Sometimes signals between neurons occur in the reverse direction (called retrograde neurotransmission). (msdmanuals.com)

The neuron doctrine is the concept that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells, a discovery due to decisive neuro-anatomical work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and later presented by, among others, H. Waldeyer-Hartz. (wikipedia.org)
The matter was finally resolved in the 1950s with the development of electron microscopy by which it was unambiguously demonstrated that nerve cells were individual cells interconnected through synapses to form a nervous system, thereby validating the neuron theory. (wikipedia.org)
Synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system - these guys are a little over stimulated. (cyberoptix.com)
It is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and the peripheral nervous systems through regulation of neuron survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synapse formation and plasticity. (tcdb.org)
Lastly, ACh must produce a response in the postsynaptic membrane in-vitro similar to its functioning when released from the presynaptic neuron in the nervous system. (coursehero.com)
The neuron, peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. (extramarks.com)
Neurons in the nervous system organize into complex networks and their functions are precisely controlled. (libribook.com)
The L1CAM gene provides instructions for producing the L1 cell adhesion molecule protein (shortened to L1 protein), which is found on the surface of nerve cells (neurons) throughout the nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
7. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: Organization of catecholamine neurons in the rat central nervous system. (lu.se)

If each neuron gets a signal from another neuron, what is the origin of the signal? (khanacademy.org)

Therefore, cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may result from a GABA synapse dysfunction that disturbs neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
We also review current models for the mechanisms of GABA-mediated synchronization of neural activity, focusing on parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, which are altered in schizophrenia and whose function has been strongly linked to the production of neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
Oxytocin and estrogen promote rapid formation of functional GABA synapses in the adult supraoptic nucleus. (ae-info.org)

In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
These hairs are innervated by sensory neurons which relay wind direction information to the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG) forming a map of direction sensitivity [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)
Kinds of neurons: Sensory, Motor, and Association. (extramarks.com)

The Canadian psychologist Donald Hebb (1949 ) is credited with inventing the concept, which was based on appealing - but speculative - ideas of how excitatory neurons ought to be synaptically interconnected, ought to have their interconnections modified, and ought to function together. (degruyter.com)
Myo-inositol promoted synapse abundance in human excitatory neurons as well as cultured rat neurons and acted in a dose-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)

Our work took a different direction from the mainstream of AD research that focused on extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides with our discovery of the accumulation of Aβ within AD vulnerable neurons of human brains (Gouras et al. (lu.se)
We provided the first evidence that age-related pathology in Alzheimer's disease initiates with aberrant accumulation and aggregation of β-amyloid peptides within vulnerable neurons, in particular their neurite terminals (Takahashi RH et al. (lu.se)

Neurons (or nerve cells) are specialized cells that transmit and receive electrical signals in the body. (khanacademy.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hair cell synapses can transmit sound-driven signals precisely in the kHz range. (jneurosci.org)
Synapses are specialized subcellular interfaces between neurons that transmit electrochemical signals and serve as fundamental information processing units of the brain. (rupress.org)
The L1 protein plays a role in the movement (migration) and organization of neurons and the outgrowth of axons, which are specialized extensions of neurons that transmit nerve impulses. (medlineplus.gov)

Shown above is a single neuron innervating a single glomerulus from a 50-year-old human subject, with a distinctive "comet" shape comprised of a very rich periglomerular nerve arborization. (nih.gov)

Moreover, selective optogenetic stimulation of regenerated CST axons and single-unit electrophysiology revealed extensive synaptic integration by CST axons with spinal neurons beyond the injury site. (biorxiv.org)
Delivering pro-regenerative KLF6 to injured neurons while simultaneously transplanting neural progenitor cells to injury sites resulted in robust regeneration directly through sites of spinal injury, accompanied by extensive synapse formation with spinal neurons. (biorxiv.org)
Fundamentally, in the face of supraspinal control systems that evolved to rely on direct connectivity between supraspinal nuclei and spinal neurons, there may be a limit to the ability of detour or relay circuits to replace lost function, particularly for tasks involving fine motor control. (biorxiv.org)
Thus, to complement progress in creating indirect replacements circuitry after injury, there remains a pressing need to restore the ability of supraspinal neurons to communicate directly with distal spinal neurons. (biorxiv.org)

Because amygdala neurons mediate relapse, and are highly opioid sensitive, we hypothesized that opioid withdrawal would induce adaptations in these neurons, opening a window of disrupted emotional learning circuit function. (jneurosci.org)

The first step in the experimental setup is to confirm that the molecule, acetylcholine (ACh), is in fact being synthesized and localized in a particular neuron. (coursehero.com)
A particular neuron generates the same action potential after each stimulus, conducting it at a fixed velocity along the axon. (msdmanuals.com)

Indeed, we show that uncleaved α 2 δ−1 inhibits presynaptic calcium transient-triggered action potential (AP) in hippocampal neurons and that this effect is reversed by the cleavage of α 2 δ−1. (elifesciences.org)
Related to these observations, overexpressed Nrxn1β tagged with a biotin acceptor peptide was found to cluster at presynaptic terminals of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons ( 7 ). (rupress.org)
describe super-resolution 3D stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) imaging in mouse hippocampal neurons and report an unexpected localization pattern of Nrxn1, namely, a nanoscale cluster-like presynaptic organization ( Fig. 1 ). (rupress.org)

2000). Following this work, we were the 1st group to report on the physical association between altered AD-linked Aβ peptides and synapses in the brain, showing that Aβ preferentially accumulates and associates with subcellular pathology within distal neurites and synapses in AD (Takahashi et al. (lu.se)
Three-dimensional diagram of a Pacinian corpuscle indicated by the boxed area in the upper left diagram, illustrating the distal end of the terminal segment, the transitional zone and the ultraterminal region. (cdc.gov)

The changes cause hyperexcitability escalation of other neurons, giving rise to hypersensitivity to peripheral stimuli. (medscape.com)
Following peripheral nerve injury there is a very significant upregulation in the expression of a wide variety of proteins in the dorsal root ganglion and thus the axon and terminals of the injured primary afferent. (asra.com)
Minimally, a recep- tor includes a peripheral axon terminal of one pri- mary afferent neuron, whose cell body is sited proximally in the dorsal root ganglion. (cdc.gov)

Nociceptive impulses travel through fibers to wide-dynamic-range neurons in the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
The differing concentrations of calcium activate different enzymes: kinase proteins in the case of LTP, or phosphatases for LTD. These enzymes modify the synapse, making it more or less efficient at relaying nerve impulses. (brainfacts.org)
He further posited that neurons function as information processing units, using electrical impulses to communicate within functional networks. (nih.gov)
Under some conditions, neurons near each other can communicate using electrical impulses across a gap junction. (msdmanuals.com)

When in dendrites and spines, βAR 248 was frequently concentrated along plasma membranes and at post-synaptic densities of asymmetric (excitatory) synapses. (frontiersin.org)
To understand better the cellular mechanisms of NE's contributions to fear learning, we examined the anatomical organization of NE terminals and βARs in the LA. In this study, we employed immunoelectron microscopy to determine whether terminals immunoreactive for dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), the synthetic enzyme for NE, form synaptic junctions in the LA and if so, examine these synapses and identify the post-synaptic targets on NE terminals. (frontiersin.org)
What is in between the pre and post synaptic neuron? (quizalize.com)

Neurons are composed of three main parts: dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. (khanacademy.org)
Signals are received through the dendrites, travel to the cell body, and continue down the axon until they reach the synapse (the communication point between two neurons). (khanacademy.org)
Stimulation in the human brain all happens in little terminals known as axons, dendrites and the synaptic space in between. (cyberoptix.com)
2-AG is produced by diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) expressed in dendrites of principle neurons. (vumc.org)
The adult cricket auditory system is capable of compensating for the unilateral loss of an ear with robust dendritic sprouting of deafferented dendrites followed by de novo synapse formation with the contralateral afferents [ 3 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We were also the first to identify and map the dopaminergic projections to the habenula and the spinal cord, and reveal the special dendritic projections from the nigra compacta neurons that allow dopamine to be released from dendrites in the pars reticulata. (lu.se)
4. Björklund, A., Lindvall, O.: Dopamine in dendrites of substantia nigra neurons: suggestions for a role in dendritic terminals. (lu.se)

BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor, ofNKRK2 or TrkB, of 822 aas and 1 N-terminal TMS. (tcdb.org)

Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. (degruyter.com)
Theodosis DT Oxytocin-secreting neurons: a physiological model of morphological neuronal and glial plasticity in the adult hypothalamus. (ae-info.org)

This process is thought to be regulated by molecules that regulate synapse number, morphology and strength. (frontiersin.org)
These painstaking methods are now being applied to investigating how molecules are moved around in neurons and how the proteins that characterize neurodegenerative diseases may disrupt one or more of these mechanisms. (alzforum.org)
So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)
These molecules are arachidonic acid derivatives produced by neurons and glia. (vumc.org)
Trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules are crucial to confer specificity between synaptic partners during synapse formation and control their mature properties and dynamics. (rupress.org)
calcium inflow releases neurotransmitter molecules from many vesicles by fusing the vesicle membranes to the nerve terminal membrane. (msdmanuals.com)

and ii) an exaggerated response of dorsal horn neurons to normally innocuous afferent input. (asra.com)

For example, in their paper the team demonstrated that an electrical circuit consisting of CMOS 'neurons' and memristor synapses can achieve spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), an important synaptic activity. (nanowerk.com)
The ability of synapses to change, or remodel, themselves is called synaptic plasticity. (brainfacts.org)

The muscular rigidity is caused by a dysfunction in the interneurons that inhibit the alpha motor neurons of the affected muscles. (medscape.com)

Scientists have used that analogy to describe the action of synaptotagmin-1, which acts to catalyze the fusion of the membranes of tiny neurotransmitter-filled bubbles called vesicles with the wall membrane of a neuron. (sciencedaily.com)
Dr. Christian Rosenmund, professor of neuroscience and molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine, and graduate student Mingshan Xue use that analogy to describe the action of synaptotagmin-1, which acts to catalyze the fusion of the membranes of tiny neurotransmitter-filled bubbles called vesicles with the wall membrane of a neuron. (sciencedaily.com)
In their current work, Xue, Rosenmund and colleagues showed that the bottom of the C2B domain is also critical in bringing the membranes of the neuron together with the vesicle's membrane, allowing the release of neurotransmitter. (sciencedaily.com)
As a consequence the membrane is depolarized and stimulates the release of ACh from the presynaptic terminal. (coursehero.com)
When the molecule is experimentally applied, it must produce a response in the postsynaptic membrane just like it would do when released from the presynaptic neuron. (coursehero.com)
3) This causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the terminal membrane, releasing neurotransmitter into the gap between neurons, known as the synaptic cleft. (oist.jp)
The experiment used genetically modified mice that had a light sensitive protein, usually found in the eye, embedded in the membrane of the presynaptic neurons in one area of the brain (purple circle). (oist.jp)

Theodosis DT 0xytocin immunoreactive terminals synapse on oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus. (ae-info.org)

The second step involves experiments that prove that ACh is actually released by the neurons upon stimulation. (coursehero.com)
The chemical molecule must be released by the presynaptic axon terminal upon stimulation. (coursehero.com)

In this review we will highlight mechanisms that control targeting of PSD-95 at the synapse, and discuss how this molecule influences the retention and clustering of diverse synaptic proteins to regulate synaptic structure and strength. (frontiersin.org)
This allowed us to reveal the Ca 2+ extrusion mechanisms that are required for phase-locking at auditory hair cell ribbon synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Our group focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms by which synapses are sites of early dysfunction and damage in the most common neurodegenerative disease causing dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD). (lu.se)

The protein also plays a role in the formation of the protective sheath (myelin) that surrounds certain neurons and the formation of junctions between nerve cells (synapses), where cell-to-cell communication occurs. (medlineplus.gov)

2005). A major effort of our group has been to determine the cell biological mechanism(s) by which Aβ peptides initiate dysfunction of synapses in AD. (lu.se)
2006). Moreover, we carried out studies on the mechanism whereby β-amyloid antibodies can reduce Aβ peptides and protect synapses in cellular models of AD, providing a biological mechanism for a leading therapeutic direction for AD: Aβ immunotherapy (Tampellini et al. (lu.se)

In front of the contact, the motor axon loses its myelin sheath and forms nerve terminal branches. (intechopen.com)

L1 syndrome diagnosis complemented with functional analysis of L1CAM variants located to the two N-terminal Ig-like domains. (medlineplus.gov)

Mechanistically, myo-inositol enhanced the ability of neurons to respond to transsynaptic interactions that induce synapses. (bvsalud.org)

Neurons communicate with each other at nodes called synapses. (brainfacts.org)

When the neuron is in a pre-synapse phase, it explodes in electrical activity that opens a channel allowing positively charged calcium ions to go to the balloon-shaped vesicles inside the presynapse to trigger the release of neurotransmitter. (sciencedaily.com)
The trigger for this is the flux of calcium ions into the nerve terminal. (sciencedaily.com)
2) This causes calcium ion channels to open, resulting in an influx of calcium ions in the terminal. (oist.jp)
5) Ions flow into the postsynaptic neuron, which generates an action potential when a threshold level is reached. (oist.jp)

2011). Using dual-immuno-electron microscopy we further showed that early tau alterations initiate in Aβ accumulating synaptic terminals in the brain (Takahashi et al. (lu.se)
2010) providing the first physical link between Aβ and initiation of tau alterations at synapses. (lu.se)

It involves genetic methods that cause the neurons to express light-sensitive proteins. (coursehero.com)
Auxiliary α 2 δ subunits are important proteins for trafficking of voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca V ) at the active zones of synapses. (elifesciences.org)
This positioning allows the L1 protein to attach (bind) to other proteins, including other L1 proteins, on neighboring neurons to help these cells stick to one another (cell-cell adhesion). (medlineplus.gov)

The focus of my postdoctoral work was to sort out the anatomical organization of the dopamine and noradrenaline neuron systems in the brain using the new glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. (lu.se)
2. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method. (lu.se)

One hallmark embodying the auditory temporal precision is phase-locking, a phenomenon that the timing of spikes fired by single auditory neurons is synchronized and therefore phase-locked to acoustic cycles ( Heil and Peterson, 2017 ). (jneurosci.org)
What is exciting about these results is that it shows that memristors can behave just like synapses - they respond to neuron spikes and store information like biological synapses and they can connect a large number of neurons together like biological synapses. (nanowerk.com)

By light microscopy, βARs were present in both neurons and astrocytes. (frontiersin.org)

Here, using a murine model of spinal injury, we elevated the intrinsic regenerative ability of CST neurons by supplying a pro-regenerative transcription factor, KLF6, while simultaneously supplying injured CST axons with a growth-permissive graft of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) transplanted into a site of spinal injury. (biorxiv.org)
Although anatomical repair of spinal roots and other lesioned plexus components constitute the primary approach, additional strategies are necessary to enhance neuroprotection and to improve the regenerative response of severed neurons. (hindawi.com)

On the sending site, the electrical activity of the neuron needs to be rapidly converted into a chemical signal via release of a hormone or neurotransmitter. (sciencedaily.com)
We here argue that electrical coupling - in addition to chemical synapses - may therefore contribute to the formation of at least some cell assemblies in adult animals. (degruyter.com)
Theodosis DT, Legendre P, Cooke I and Vincent JD Immunocytochemically identified vasopressin neurons in monolayer culture display slow, calcium-dependent electrical responses. (ae-info.org)
The scientists induced electrical signals at different frequencies and then detected the action potentials generated in the postsynaptic neuron. (oist.jp)
The electrodes touching the neurons can be used to evoke and record electrical signals. (oist.jp)
This creates an electrical impulse and travels down the axon towards the end of the neuron. (quizalize.com)

Anatomy92

Organisms18

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science3

Health Care1

Inhibitory7

Motor neuron4

Junctions called synapses2

Neurotransmitters22

Axon terminals3

Receptors12

Retrograde6

Nervous9

Another neuron1

GABA3

Sensory4

Excitatory neurons2

Vulnerable neurons2

Transmit4

Single neuron1

Spinal neurons4

Amygdala neurons1

Particular neuron2

Hippocampal neurons3

Distal2

Peripheral3

Impulses4

Post-synaptic3

Dendrites7

Receptor1

Neuronal2

Molecules6

Afferent1

Plasticity2

Interneurons1

Membrane7

Immunoreactive1

Stimulation2

Mechanisms3

Occurs1

Peptides2

Myelin1

Functional1

Induce1

Nodes1

Ions4

Alterations2

Proteins3

Organization2

Spikes2

Astrocytes1

Regenerative2

Electrical6