• Thus, as the hippocampus is essential for learning, memory, and cognitive functions and is intimately involved in the ventricular system, making it a potential site of IVH-induced injury, we determined the molecular basis of the effects of hUCB-derived MSCs on hippocampal neurogenesis and the recovery of hippocampal neural circuits after IVH in a rodent model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular mechanism of the MSCs effects on neurogenesis and the attenuation of neuron death was determined by evaluation of BDNF-TrkB-Akt-CREB signaling axis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aerobic exercise is known to exert multiple beneficial effects in the brain, not only by increasing neurogenesis, but also by improving motor and cognitive tasks. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is correlated with increased hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal survival, spine maturation, and inhibition of microglia activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Oppositional effects of serotonin receptors 5-HT1a, 2, and 2c in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • CD4-positive T lymphocytes provide a neuroimmunological link in the control of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • NMDA and benzodiazepine receptors have synergistic and antagonistic effects on precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Differential 24 h responsiveness of Prox1-expressing precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis to physical activity, environmental enrichment, and kainic acid-induced seizures. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) affects the amyloid precursor protein-dependent stimulation of ERK signaling and adult neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • The contribution of failing adult hippocampal neurogenesis to psychiatric disorders. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Intermediate progenitors in adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Tbr2 expression and coordinate regulation of neuronal output. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • It also has a role in neurogenesis by promoting survival and growth of dorsal root ganglion cells, and hippocampal and cortical neurons (Binder & Scharfman). (stemcell.com)
  • In sight of this, we comparatively evaluated the dendritic arborization and spines of cortical pyramidal neurons, cortical excitatory and inhibitory connectivity, microglia activation, and proliferation and survival of granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in hemizygous Cdkl5 KO male (-/Y) mice aged 7, 14, 21, and 60 days. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we examined the relationship between SE-induced MAPK pathway activation and neuronal survival in the dentate gyrus of the mouse. (jneurosci.org)
  • Studies of brain morphogenesis in adult Cdkl5 KO mice showed defects in dendritic arborization of pyramidal neurons and in synaptic connectivity, a hypocellularity of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and a generalized microglia over-activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • For this purpose, WIN 55,212-2 was injected in pregnant wistar rats from gestation day 5 to 20 and a detailed analysis of the levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of the signaling molecules extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) was carried out in adult offspring. (researchgate.net)
  • We found that exposure to WIN 55,212-2 significantly reduced BDNF levels in hippocampus and frontal cortex. (researchgate.net)
  • In summary, the present data suggest that deficits of BDNF levels and signaling through ERK1/2 and alpha-CaMKII might contribute to cognitive and neuroplastic defects associated with prenatal exposure to cannabinoids. (researchgate.net)
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the NGF family of neurotrophic factors (also named neurotrophins) that are required for the differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subpopulations in both the central as well as the peripheral nervous system. (novusbio.com)
  • The neurotrophin family is comprised of at least four proteins including NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5. (novusbio.com)
  • BDNF cDNA encodes a 247 amino acid residue precursor protein with a signal peptide and a proprotein that are cleaved to yield the 119 amino acid residue mature BDNF. (novusbio.com)
  • Synaptic network activity induces neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal precursor cells through BDNF signaling. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • BDNF acts as a survival factor for human embryonic stem cells when plated on either feeder cells or Corning® Matrigel® (Pyle et al. (stemcell.com)
  • BDNF, together with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and other supplements, is commonly used to differentiate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells into neurons (Brafman). (stemcell.com)
  • Altogether, our results demonstrate that βγ subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins play a critical role in neurite outgrowth and differentiation by interacting with MTs and modulating MT rearrangement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRNP ( PR io N P rotein) is the human gene encoding for the major prion protein PrP (for pr ion p rotein), also known as CD230 ( cluster of differentiation 230). (wikidoc.org)
  • In contrast, the difference in the density of excitatory and inhibitory terminals between Cdkl5 -/Y and wild-type mice changes with age, suggesting an age-dependent cortical excitatory/inhibitory synaptic imbalance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)
  • This will involve looking at mice we are making where we the gene for TGFbeta is knockout out in adult muscle and/or in the adult spinal cord (a tissue inducible knockout out of TGFbeta 2). (edu.au)
  • The biological part of this project will involve making transgenic mice with test non-coding DNA linked to reporter constructs such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). (edu.au)
  • We recently demonstrated that abrogating Sprouty2 function strongly inhibits intracranial tumor growth and leads to significantly prolonged survival of glioblastoma bearing mice by induction of ERK-dependent DNA replication stress. (springer.com)
  • A metabolomic study of brain tissues from aged mice with low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene. (neurotree.org)
  • Differential gene expression in the striatum of mice with very low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 gene. (neurotree.org)
  • For these studies we use neurons that are maintained in cell culture as well as genetically-modified strains of mice that are at increased risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions analogous to those observed in humans. (uml.edu)
  • Newborn mice in which phrenic motor neurons lacked a specific combination of cadherins experienced respiratory failure, showing that these proteins were needed for breathing circuits to develop normally. (elifesciences.org)
  • We demonstrate that deletion of ERRγ from DAergic neurons in adult mice was sufficient to cause a levodopa-responsive PD-like phenotype with reductions in mitochondrial gene expression and number, that partial deficiency of ERRγ hastens synuclein-mediated toxicity, and that ERRγ overexpression reduces inclusion load and delays synuclein-mediated cell loss. (nature.com)
  • Altogether, these experiments suggest that ERRγ-deficient mice could provide a model for understanding the regulation of transcription in DAergic neurons and that amplifying ERRγ - mediated transcriptional programs should be considered as a strategy to promote DAergic maintenance in PD. (nature.com)
  • In this study, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the bone-marrow of mice (BM MSCs), were labeled with Hoechst after low (3 to 8) or high (40 to 50) numbers of passages and then transplanted intrastriatally into 5-week-old R6/2 mice, which carries the N-terminal fragment of the human HD gene (145 to 155 repeats) and rapidly develops symptoms analogous to the human form of the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was observed that the transplanted cells survived and the R6/2 mice displayed significant behavioral and morphological sparing compared to untreated R6/2 mice, with R6/2 mice receiving high passage BM MSCs displaying fewer deficits than those receiving low-passage BM MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Melatonin modulates cell survival of new neurons in the hippocampus of adult mice. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • The IFNAR1KO rescues spatial memory and ameliorates loss of presynaptic terminals preferentially in female HIVgp120tg mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we report that high levels of the striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), a key regulator of ERK/MAPK signaling, are found in vulnerable somatostatin-immunoreactive hilar interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Among them are the Sprouty proteins which mainly act as inhibitors of growth factor-dependent neuronal and glial signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • Increased synthesis under pathological conditions makes Sprouty2 an attractive pharmacological target to enhance intracellular signaling activities, notably the ERK pathway, in affected neurons or activated astrocytes. (springer.com)
  • Acute exercise suppresses hypothalamic PTP1B protein level and improves insulin and leptin signaling in obese rats. (squabash.com)
  • Retraction: Atorvastatin Improves Survival in Septic Rats: Effect on Tissue Inflammatory Pathway and on Insulin Signaling. (squabash.com)
  • Furthermore, the fetal graft may produce trophic factors or signaling cues, which are present in the brain only at early developmental stages, and should reactivate neurotropic processes in a 'dormant' host neuron populations. (org.es)
  • Mechanistically, STING ligand 2′3′-cGAMP abolished the neuroprotection of Cl-amidine via IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The berry fruits are also capable of modulating signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cell survival, neurotransmission and enhancing neuroplasticity. (lww.com)
  • Ceramide generated in late endosomal compartments is recognized as a potent regulator of cell signaling, but its molecular interactions with late endosomal transmembrane proteins have not been studied in depth. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • The biological role of TGFbeta 2 at adult synapses. (edu.au)
  • These spines invariably receive input from terminals forming asymmetric synapses that originate mainly from the cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • This finding raises the question of the fate of excitatory terminals that form asymmetrical synapses at the head of the spines. (jneurosci.org)
  • Receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation attracts proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) or phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains including adaptor proteins like FRS2 and GRB2. (springer.com)
  • Vesicular cargoes move relatively fast (50-400 mm/day) whereas transport of soluble (cytosolic) and cytoskeletal proteins takes much longer (moving at less than 8 mm/day). (wikipedia.org)
  • In my laboratory researchers are examining the roles played by axonal cytoskeletal proteins in nervous system development, and in the etiology of Alzheimer's and other related neurodegenerative diseases. (uml.edu)
  • On the contrary, knockdown of Sprouty proteins increases proliferation of activated astrocytes and, consequently, reduces secondary brain damage in neuronal lesion models such as kainic acid-induced epilepsy or endothelin-induced ischemia. (springer.com)
  • Here we have employed a primary rodent neuronal culture model to study the cellular effects of TDP-43 dysfunction in hippocampal and cortical neurons. (nature.com)
  • Ageing leads to a gradual dysfunction of the proteostasis network and thus to proteome instability due to accumulation of damaged and/or misfolded proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat (greater than 38) on the short arm of chromosome 4, resulting in loss and dysfunction of neurons in the neostriatum and cortex, leading to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and death, typically occurring 15 to 20 years after the onset of motor symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altered network properties in C9ORF72 repeat expansion cortical neurons are due to synaptic dysfunction. (muirmaxwellcentre.com)
  • A cargo-receptor for anterograde transport motors, the kinesins, has been identified as the amyloid precursor protein (APP), the parent protein that produces the senile plaques found in Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • For hippocampal synaptic determination, a rat entorhinal-hippocampus (EH) organotypic slice co-culture (OSC) was performed using day 3 post-IVH brains (P7) with or without ICV-MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the density of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus relative to those in the neocortex, AD can be classified into three clinicopathologic subtypes: typical AD, hippocampal sparing AD, and limbic predominant AD [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, prenatal cannabinoid treatment reduced the phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2 in selected subcellular compartments of hippocampus, frontal and prefrontal cortex, whereas no changes were observed in the total levels of these proteins. (researchgate.net)
  • Furthermore, a robust reduction of total and phospho-alpha-CaMKII was found in the hippocampus of rats prenatally exposed to WIN 55,212-2. (researchgate.net)
  • Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. (rndsystems.com)
  • Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the selective vulnerability of these cells are not well understood, activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway has been implicated in neuroprotective responses to excitotoxicity in other neuronal populations. (jneurosci.org)
  • Known as Dbx1-derived interneurons and phrenic motor neurons, these cell populations reside in different parts of the body and perform distinct roles. (elifesciences.org)
  • Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expanded and unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat that results in a progressive degeneration of neurons, primarily in the putamen, caudate nucleus, and cerebral cortex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of our study was to identify molecular changes produced by prenatal exposure to WIN 55,212-2 that might contribute to late disruption in synaptic plasticity and cognition. (researchgate.net)
  • In the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease in the rat, there is a significant reduction in the number of dendritic spines on the principal projection neurons in the neostriatum, presumably attributable to loss of the nigrostriatal dopamine input. (jneurosci.org)
  • During reactivation from latency, the herpes simplex virus (HSV) enters its lytic cycle, and uses anterograde transport mechanisms to migrate from dorsal root ganglia neurons to the skin or mucosa that it subsequently affects. (wikipedia.org)
  • ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig disease, is the most common neurodegenerative disease of adult onset involving the motor neuron system. (medscape.com)
  • Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects 1-2% of people above 65 years of age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The role of HSP27 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and motor neuron disease (MND) was investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that a non-resolving neuroinflammatory response and delayed neuronal injury following TBI are critical secondary injury pathogenesis that can result in chronic motor and cognitive function deficits [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity and behavioral impairment in rodents. (researchgate.net)
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24 (2) 912, 1-20. (edu.au)
  • The human ALK gene encodes a protein 1,620 amino acids long with a molecular weight of 180 kDa. (alksignaling.com)
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
  • I use a range of molecular biology techniques to determine the cellular function of proteins involved in the aforementioned disorders. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Molecular Neuropsychiatry 5(2), pp. 109-114. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • It functions as a molecular chaperone, aiding the refolding of non-native proteins, and plays a critical role in stabilisation of the cytoskeleton through interactions with several cytoskeletal components, such as actin, intermediate filaments and microtubules [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous analyses of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons from patients with Lewy-body pathology revealed a deficiency in nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial respiration, many of which are targets for the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor gamma ( Esrrg /ERRγ). (nature.com)
  • Laser-captured microdissected (LCM) DAergic neurons from postmortem tissue of patients with Lewy-pathology revealed a deficiency in expression for nuclear-encoded genes involved in mitochondrial respiration and function 12 . (nature.com)
  • The underlying pathology of HD is initiated when the gene that codes for the huntingtin (htt) protein, located on the short arm of chromosome 4, contains an increased number of CAG repeats [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Characterization of the brain penetrant neuropeptide Y Y 2 receptor antagonist SF-11. (rndsystems.com)
  • NGF is a neurotrophic factor critical for the survival and maintenance of sympathetic and sensory neurons, and it binds to the high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkA, leading to its phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has recently been demonstrated that prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN 55,212-2) produces memory deficit in adulthood, an effect associated with a reduced functionality of the glutamatergic system. (researchgate.net)
  • Since HIV-1 activates the type I interferon system, which signals via interferon-α receptor (IFNAR) 1 and 2, this study investigated the potential role of IFNAR1 in HIV-induced neurotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Firstly, the mature environment affects both the number of surviving neurons within a graft and the size of the graft itself (Hallas et al. (org.es)
  • Our data reveal that the vulnerable cells express high levels of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), which is a key regulator of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cancer Mutations in FGFR2 Prevent a Negative Feedback Loop Mediated by the ERK1/2 Pathway. (rndsystems.com)
  • Thus, STEP increases the sensitivity of neurons to SE-induced excitotoxicity by specifically blocking a latent neuroprotective response initiated by the MAPK pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • Along these lines, accumulating evidence shows that the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in neuronal cell survival. (jneurosci.org)
  • A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying DAergic neuron susceptibility is needed to generate disease-modifying therapies for PD. (nature.com)
  • However, no differences were observed either in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated d-uracil triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling-positive cells or viable neurons in the cornu ammonis 1 sector or in the neurologic deficit score when comparing surviving transgenic and nontransgenic rats. (asahq.org)
  • To do so, the team focused on cadherins, a group of proteins which allow cells to attach to one another. (elifesciences.org)
  • Electrical activity recorded from these cells showed that phrenic motor neurons lacking cadherins could not receive the signals required to activate the breathing muscles. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • Donor embryonic cells have a greater potential for axonal outgrowth and regeneration than mature host neurons (Chen et al. (org.es)
  • S1P is generated intracellularly by two sphingosine kinases (SphK1, SphK2) and is exported out of cells by Spinster 2 (Spns2) to exert its effects through activation of five specific cell surface S1PRs in autocrine or paracrine manners. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • In appendix, there is corroboration that DRG-infiltrating unaffected cells present to unbidden activity of injured neurons. (daubnet.com)
  • Recent clinical research has demonstrated that berry fruits can prevent age-related neurodegenerative diseases and improve motor and cognitive functions. (lww.com)
  • Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. (rndsystems.com)
  • Because we have shown earlier that prenylation and subsequent methylation/demethylation of γ subunits are required for the Gβγ-MTs interaction in vitro , small-molecule inhibitors (L-28 and L-23) targeting prenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase) were tested in the current study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is an intranuclear protein encoded by the TARDBP gene that is involved in RNA splicing, trafficking, stabilization, and thus, the regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of baculovirus p35 can improve survival after cardiac arrest in rats, but the mode and site of action remain to be elucidated. (asahq.org)
  • Differential Expression of Interferon-Alpha Protein Provides Clues to Tissue Specificity Across Type I Interferonopathies. (muirmaxwellcentre.com)
  • Aβ deposits within the walls of blood vessels in the form of amyloid angiopathy are found in many patients with AD, but it is also found in other neurologic disorders [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. (mdpi.com)
  • Chaperone proteins have therefore been implicated as potent modulators of protein conformational disorders, suppressing toxicity of misfolding proteins and modifying early events in the aggregation process in a cooperative and sequential manner reminiscent of their functions in de novo protein folding [ 5 ],[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These secreted cytokines are synthesized as prepropeptides that are proteolytically processed to generate the mature proteins (1, 2). (novusbio.com)
  • Confirming the precocious presence of brain defects, Cdkl5 -/Y pups are characterized by an impairment in neonatal sensory-motor reflexes. (bvsalud.org)
  • We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)
  • Protein kinase C regulates human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. (rndsystems.com)
  • These behavioral alterations are accompanied by diminished neuronal maturation and survival, reduced dendritic branching and spine maturation, and marked microglia activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The object of the present study was to determine the fate of those terminals after the loss of dendritic spines. (jneurosci.org)
  • There are two classes of slow anterograde transport: slow component a (SCa) that carries mainly microtubules and neurofilaments at 0.1-1 millimeters per day, and slow component b (SCb) that carries over 200 diverse proteins and actin at a rate of up to 6 millimeters per day. (wikipedia.org)
  • The slow component b, which also carries actin, are transported at a rate of 2-3 millimeters per day in retinal cell axons. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the core of respiratory circuits are Dbx1-derived interneurons, which generate the rhythm and pattern of breathing, and phrenic motor neurons (MNs), which provide the final motor output that drives diaphragm muscle contractions during inspiration. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we show that coordinated activity of a type I cadherin (N-cadherin) and type II cadherins (Cadherin-6, -9, and -10) is required in both MNs and Dbx1-derived neurons to generate robust respiratory motor output. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our findings demonstrate that type I and II cadherins function cooperatively throughout the respiratory circuit to generate a robust breathing output and reveal novel strategies that drive the assembly of motor circuits. (elifesciences.org)
  • Fifteen days after implant, cortical grafts will also produce a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent survival factor for claustral neurons that project to the occipital cortex (Trupp et al. (org.es)
  • Abnormal localization of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment in lewy body disease. (neurotree.org)
  • Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in Cancer-Induced Anorexia. (squabash.com)
  • Monophosphate-Activated Protein livalo cost walmart Kinase in Cancer-Induced Anorexia. (ksarsaid.net)
  • It was reported that SM could form cluster in outer leaflet of the membrane, where juxtapose inner leaflet region could recruit phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase to form PIP 2 . (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Viperin is a type-I and -II interferon-inducible intracytoplasmic protein that mediates antiviral activity against several viruses. (alksignaling.com)
  • When fully differentiated through axon and dendrite elongation, this unique morphology allows neurons to achieve precise connectivity between appropriate sets of neurons, which is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The accumulation of misfolded proteins may adversely affect neuronal connectivity and plasticity and trigger cell death signalling pathways [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanism for conformational conversion to the scrapie isoform is speculated to be an elusive ligand -protein, but, so far, no such compound has been identified. (wikidoc.org)
  • Many neurodegenerative diseases, also termed as protein conformational diseases [ 1 ], are characterised by accumulations of misfolded proteins that often share morphological and biochemical features and can colocalise with several other proteins, including various chaperone proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Axonal transport, also called axoplasmic transport or axoplasmic flow, is a cellular process responsible for movement of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, and other organelles to and from a neuron's cell body, through the cytoplasm of its axon called the axoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Motor proteins bind and transport several different cargoes including mitochondria, cytoskeletal polymers, autophagosomes, and synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein can exist in multiple isoforms , the normal PrP C , and as Protease resistant PrP Res like the disease-causing PrP Sc(scrapie) and an isoform located in mitochondria . (wikidoc.org)
  • Therefore, maintenance of mitochondria activity is necessary for the proper cellular function and survival. (hindawi.com)
  • The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mutations in the CDKL5 gene are the cause of CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a rare and severe neurodevelopmental condition characterized by early-onset epilepsy, motor impairment, intellectual disability, and autistic features. (bvsalud.org)
  • TDP-43 is a 43 kDa heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein (hnRNP) composed of 414 amino acids and is encoded by the TARDBP gene located on chromosome 1 (1p36.22) [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Huntington's disease is a genetic neurological disorder caused by a repeated expansion of the CAG trinucleotide, causing instability in the N-terminal of the gene coding for the Huntingtin protein. (benthamscience.com)
  • TDP-43 is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional nucleic acid-binding protein composed of two RNA recognition motifs (RRM), nuclear localization (NLS) and export signals (NES), and a carboxy-terminal glycine rich region. (nature.com)
  • Synaptic Signals from Glutamate-Treated Neurons Induce Aberrant Post-Synaptic Signals in Untreated Neuronal Networks. (uml.edu)
  • aimed to identify how phrenic motor neurons connect to and relay signals from other neurons involved in breathing to the diaphragm muscle. (elifesciences.org)
  • The vast majority of axonal proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kinesin and dynein are motor proteins that move cargoes in the anterograde (forwards from the soma to the axon tip) and retrograde (backwards to the soma (cell body)) directions, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • SE-induced MAPK activation within these neurons was repressed by STEP, leading to cell death. (jneurosci.org)
  • [15] PrP C attaches to the outer surface of the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor at its C-terminal Ser 231. (wikidoc.org)
  • Cell viability was then assessed by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) share overlapping genetic causes and disease symptoms, and are linked neuropathologically by the RNA binding protein TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein-43 kDa). (nature.com)
  • Additionally, TDP-43 inclusions have been found in up to 57% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, most often in a limbic distribution, with or without hippocampal sclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the development of alpha-synuclein-containing aggregates called Lewy-bodies and Lewy-neurites 1 . (nature.com)
  • The clinical motor symptoms that are associated with Parkinson's disease are bradykinesia, involuntary tremor, postural instability, muscle weakness and rigidity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cl-amidine, 2′3′-cGAMP (an activator of stimulating Interferon genes (STING)), C-176 (a selective STING inhibitor), and Kira6 [a selectively phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha [IRE1α] inhibitor] were administrated to explore the mechanism by which NETs promote neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2017. Faithful SGCE imprinting in iPSC-derived cortical neurons: an endogenous cellular model of myoclonus-dystonia . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • To this end, the authors generated a transgenic rat line expressing baculovirus p35, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, in central neurons. (asahq.org)
  • Postischemic outcome was assessed by determination of overall survival and according to neurologic deficit scores 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after resuscitation. (asahq.org)
  • The neuropathologic hallmarks of AD are senile plaques composed of extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles composed of intracellular aggregates of tau protein with multiple post-translational modifications including phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In some cases, TDP-43 deposits are also found in neurons with neurofibrillary tangles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neurofibrillary tangles, Hirano bodies and some hippocampal neurons have also been reported to be HSP27-immunoreactive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The movement of soluble (cytosolic) cargoes is more complex, but appears to have a similar basis where soluble proteins organize into multi-protein complexes that are then conveyed by transient interactions with more rapidly moving cargoes moving in fast axonal transport. (wikipedia.org)