• During this phase, data on the karyotypes of hundreds of mammalian species (including information on diploid numbers, relative length and morphology of chromosomes, presence of B chromosomes) were described. (wikipedia.org)
  • The banded karyotypes of 850 mammalian species were summarized in the Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the close analysis of chromosomes in cytogenetics, abnormalities are more readily seen and diagnosed. (biocode.ltd)
  • A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. (biocode.ltd)
  • The term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species, or an individual organism. (biocode.ltd)
  • He had launched the field of cytogenetics, the study of how chromosomes regulate cell behavior and can be the cause of disease. (wordonfire.org)
  • He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • After photographing chromosomes under a microscope, researchers literally cut them up, like paper dolls, and arranged them according to size, thereby producing a karyotype. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • Using yet newer techniques for detecting abnormal chromosomes (called spectral karyotyping), Rowley found a chromosomal rearrangement that characterizes one of the childhood leukemias, and her work continues. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • The term karyogram should be applied to a systematic sequence of chromosomes prepared either by drawing, digitizing, or extending photography, indicating that the chromosomes of a single cell will describe an individual's or even a species' chromosomes. (clinicalsci.info)
  • In contrast, all three species of the Dendropsophus marmoratus (Laurenti, 1768) group that are already karyotyped presented five pairs of telocentric chromosomes. (pensoft.net)
  • Dendropsophus seniculus , D. soaresi and D. novaisi presented five pairs of telocentric chromosomes, as did the remaining species of the group previously karyotyped. (pensoft.net)
  • a noticeable variation in the number of biarmed/telocentric chromosomes is observed among them, suggesting that several chromosomal rearrangements took place after the evolutionary origin of the hypothetical ancestral 30-chromosome karyotype. (pensoft.net)
  • However, the chromosomes and events involved in these rearrangements also remain undiscovered because most Dendropsophus species karyotypes are not yet described, and few chromosomal markers are available for the known karyotypes, preventing reliable hypotheses of chromosome homeology. (pensoft.net)
  • The entire chromosomal set of a species is known as a karyotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, in comparative cytogenetics, phylogenetic relationships should be determined on the basis of the polarity of chromosomal differences (derived traits). (wikipedia.org)
  • This study recommends that karyotyping should be tested frequently in hematological conditions because it may provide insight into the relative chromosomal changes associated with particular malignancies. (scielo.br)
  • Here, we provide the first cytogenetic information on the species based on both conventional karyotyping and chromosomal mapping of 45S and 5S ribosomal genes through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (scielo.br)
  • Chromosomal studies could provide a more precise tool for localizing genetic damage, but there is little cytogenetic information about primary breast cancers, no convincing evidence has emerged to target locations in the karyotype that appear specifically altered, and many primary and cultured breast cancers contain cells that appear chromosomally normal. (nih.gov)
  • Trilochan Sahoo, the company's ‎vice president of clinical affairs and director of cytogenetics, told GenomeWeb this week that while the superior diagnostic power of chromosomal microarray analysis compared to karyotyping is well established in pediatric and prenatal testing spheres, there is still a relative lack of comprehensive evidence for the technology in the specific setting of miscarriage, or products of conception testing. (genomeweb.com)
  • Although the ITSs have been interpreted as evidence of ancestral chromosomal fusions and inversions, the het- ITSs detected in the karyotype of D. soaresi could not be explained as direct remnants of ancestral chromosomal rearrangements because no evidence of chromosomal changes emerged from the comparison of the karyotypes of all of the species of the D. marmoratus group. (pensoft.net)
  • A total of 3275 patients were identified, 2782 had normal karyotype, 493 had chromosomal aberrations including 160 with adverse-risk CG, 72 patients had complex karyotype (CK), and 66 monosomal karyotype (MK). (bvsalud.org)
  • Mammalian comparative cytogenetics, an indispensable part of phylogenomics, has evolved in a series of steps from pure description to the more heuristic science of the genomic era. (wikipedia.org)
  • Teixeira LSR, Seger KG, Targueta CP, Orrico VGD, Lourenço LB (2016) Comparative cytogenetics of tree frogs of the Dendropsophus marmoratus (Laurenti, 1768) group: conserved karyotypes and interstitial telomeric sequences. (pensoft.net)
  • Comparative Cytogenetics 10(4): 753-767. (pensoft.net)
  • A short introduction how cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics were established is followed by technical aspects of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (frontiersin.org)
  • This review is about "molecular cytogenetics" including 1) the historical perspective of its development from cytogenetics, 2) technical aspects, 3) available probe sets, and 4) variants and applications of the basic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach. (frontiersin.org)
  • Routine G-banded karyotype, array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were used to characterize the cytogenetic abnormality in the patient's bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
  • In certain circumstances, when a lymph node is not easily accessible for excisional or incisional biopsy, a combination of core biopsy and FNA biopsies in conjunction with appropriate ancillary techniques for the differential diagnosis (immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, PCR for IGHV and TCR gene rearrangements, karyotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] for major translocations) may be sufficient for diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Abnormalities of 3q and complex karyotypes, in the absence of favorable-risk features, have been associated with an adverse outcome in adults, but the results were not significant in this childhood series. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Of note, both expand the genetic abnormalities to include mutations in specific genes (with minor differences between the two highlighted in red in Table 2 beyond karyotyping abnormalities in WHO 2017. (cap.org)
  • Cytogenetics work has established the normal Tasmanian Devil karyotype and the chromosome rearrangements of the tumour. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • All research areas are substantiated by analyses (Figure D) monitoring the acute radiation-induced cytogenetic damage and the long-term genetic stability of cells. (gsi.de)
  • Witney also provided some information on the state of the cyto market, stating that about half of the constitutional cytogenetic tests being performed today are being run on arrays, while the balance of users continue to rely on legacy karyotyping methods. (genomeweb.com)
  • [11] Kallak HI, Vapper MA.Cytogenetic characterization of long-term cultured Crepis L callus. (org.ua)
  • In situ hybridization has wide applications in microbiology, pathology, developmental biology, karyotyping & phylogenetic analysis and physical mapping. (envisageresearch.com)
  • and the impact on pathology practice, particularly in terms of molecular hematopathology. (cap.org)
  • The leukemic cells in erythroleukemia often carry complex karyotypes and mutations in oncogenes known to be associated with AML. (medscape.com)
  • Karyotype variability in mammals is mainly due to the varying amount of heterochromatin in each mammal. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] Sidorenko PG, Kunakh VA. Character of caryotype variability in cell population of tissue culture of Haplopappus gracilis with long term passaging. (org.ua)
  • [8] Gubar EK, Kunakh VA. Karyotype variability of cultured Crepis cells (Crepis capillaris L. Wallr. (org.ua)
  • This study describes the cytogenetics of 33 children with ETV6-RUNX1 positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had been in continuous complete remission for a minimum of 8.8 years [median event-free survival (EFS) 10.9 years]. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Factors predicting long-term survival after T-cell depleted reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Disease stage, presentation karyotype and post-transplant CsA exposure are important predictors of outcome in patients undergoing a T-cell depleted reduced intensity conditioning allograft for acute myeloid leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cytogenetics of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: United Kingdom Medical Research Council Treatment Trials AML 10 and 12. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • PURPOSE Karyotype is an independent indicator of prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is widely applied to risk-adapted therapy. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Cytogenetics of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: United Kingdom Medical Research Council Treatment Trials AML 10 and 12. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • ATLL in the Caribbean population presents more often as the acute and lymphomatous subtypes, is associated with complex cytogenetics, and has a high rate of CNS involvement. (oncotarget.com)
  • In the 2022 European LeukemiaNet classification, patients with nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were classified in the adverse-risk category in the presence of high-risk cytogenetics (CG). (bvsalud.org)
  • However, it is now widely thought that species may have phenetically similar karyotypes due to genomic conservation. (wikipedia.org)
  • SPECIES) you will go to the corresponding index (e.g., index of species), while by clicking on a specific term (e.g., retinoblastoma) you will go to the list of corresponding cell lines (e.g., retionoblastoma cell lines). (hsanmartino.it)
  • A retrospective series showed gene amplification at the erbB2 locus in 22% of rapidly recurrent (RR) tumors and 13% of tumors from long-term tumor-free survivors (LTS), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.18). (nih.gov)
  • For Illumina CEO Jay Flatley and Affymetrix CEO Frank Witney, the future commercial potential of the maturing technology lies in applied markets, including cytogenetics, agricultural biotechnology, and direct-to-consumer services, rather than in the large array-driven genome-wide association or gene expression studies of years ago. (genomeweb.com)
  • At the Stem Cell Differentiation and Cytogenetics Group, we are interested in the effects of ionizing radiation on organs such as the brain, the heart, and the lung trying to elucidate the risks for patients treated with ionizing radiation as well as for astronauts, who are inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation on their missions into space. (gsi.de)
  • About karyotypic differentiation of callus cells in long-term culture. (org.ua)
  • [13] Vapper M, Kallak H. Karyotypic differentiation of long-term callus culture ofCrepis capillaris. (org.ua)
  • We described the karyotypes of Dendropsophus seniculus (Cope, 1868), D. soaresi (Caramaschi & Jim, 1983) and D. novaisi (Bokermann, 1968) based on Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver impregnation and in situ hybridization with telomeric probes. (pensoft.net)
  • [9] The term was coined by the German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer , [10] referring to the term chromatin , which was introduced by Walther Flemming . (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, the frequency of complex karyotype was 30 (15%), while normal was seen in 171 (85%) patients. (scielo.br)
  • Metaphase FISH for 26 long-term survivors and 15 relapsed patients revealed complex karyotypes in both groups. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Trisomies, deletions and complex karyotypes contribute to another large percentage of adult AMLs[4]. (ghrnet.org)
  • Growing adoption of new techniques for molecular-based cytogenetics, increasing outsourcing activities, and demand for early diagnosis and detection of diseases are anticipated to propel the regional growth. (envisageresearch.com)
  • These maps also provide an unprecedented opportunity to use multispecies analysis as a tool to infer karyotype evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multivariate analysis demonstrated that both survival and disease relapse were influenced by status at transplant (P=0.008) and presentation cytogenetics (P=0.01). (ox.ac.uk)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - In a new study published late last week, CombiMatrix has reported its largest dataset to date showing that microarray analysis of more than 8,000 miscarriage samples yielded successful results more than 90 percent of the time, a significantly better performance than standard karyotyping approaches, which are known to fail up to 40 percent of the time. (genomeweb.com)
  • In terms of actual diagnostic results, Sahoo and his coauthors concede that very successful karyotype or extensive FISH testing would also be expected to detect the vast majority of the same genomic alterations that CombiMatrix identified in its analysis across these 8,000 samples. (genomeweb.com)
  • This is the first analysis to describe ATLL pathological features, cytogenetics, and response to standard therapy and transplantation in the Caribbean cohort. (oncotarget.com)
  • Karyotype analysis was performed by the G-banding technique. (hindawi.com)
  • As such, in 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its classification of myelodysplastic syndromes, replacing the term "syndromes" with "neoplasms" to reflect the neoplastic biology of these diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Variant translocations involved different chromosome arms between the long-term survivors and relapsed patients. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Particularly, human embryonic stem cells (hES cells), which can give rise to all tissues of an organism (Figure A), are used to generate mature cells of the heart (Figure B) allowing us to study radiation/microgravity-induced cardiovascular alterations, which may occur during long-term space missions. (gsi.de)
  • The new study - authored by Sahoo, other CombiMatrix colleagues, and collaborators from several medical centers - did not directly compare karyotyping versus array-based testing in matched miscarriage samples. (genomeweb.com)
  • Importantly, Sahoo said, the study confirmed what earlier Combimatrix data has demonstrated and what smaller studies have also suggested, which is that array-based miscarriage testing works effectively on preserved formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples, not just the fresh samples required by traditional karyotyping. (genomeweb.com)
  • Although T-cell depletion is increasingly used to reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease its impact on the graft-versus-leukemia effect and long-term outcome post-transplant is unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ERG overexpression in AML patients with normal cytogenetics predicts an adverse clinical outcome and seems to be associated with a specific molecular signature. (nih.gov)
  • Normal karyotypes (46, XX/46, XY) was found in 51% (n=103) patients. (scielo.br)
  • 1 Michigan Cancer Foundation, Cancer Genetics/Cytogenetics, Detroit. (nih.gov)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • D) Karyotype of a human cell after heavy ion exposure revealed by mFISH technique. (gsi.de)
  • 1972. Details of blood changes in 32 patients with pancytopenia associated with long-term exposure to benzene. (cdc.gov)
  • Here the role of molecular cytogenetics in the context of yet available all other cytogenomic approaches is discussed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Comparison of the karyotype array of ME-180 with those of the four carcinomas shown above in Figures 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 reveals again at a glance that all five carcinomas have distinct individual and clonal karyotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With its applications in infectious disease diagnostics, the impact of COVID will have a short-term positive effect on the ISH market. (envisageresearch.com)
  • Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the issue is that karyotyping is not always "very successful," failing about 20 to 40 percent of the time due to the necessity of culturing live cells, and the risk of erroneous results due to maternal cell contamination. (genomeweb.com)
  • Molecular cytogenetics tests such as ISH play a role in identifying infected cells or tissue. (envisageresearch.com)
  • This suggests that a rearranged karyotype is a shared feature within this family. (scielo.br)
  • In 46,XX karyotype patients ( n = 14), congenital adrenal hyperplasia and general malformation disorder were the most common causes of genital ambiguity, while in 46,XY karyotype patients ( n = 18), testosterone pathway biosynthetic defect was the most common cause even in conjunction with a generalized malformation disorder. (who.int)
  • The additional copy of chromosome 21 in 30% of long-term survivors and in 69% of relapsed patients was a derived chromosome 21 in 20% and 55% of patients, respectively. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • It has been concluded that cell adaptation to the conditions of long-term maintenance in the passaged culture is the process of formation of the novel biological system as a result of the effect of the major driving factors of evolution, viz. (org.ua)
  • [16] Kallak H, J?rvek?lg L. Changes in chromosome complement in long-term pea callus cultures. (org.ua)
  • Nevertheless, even for this subgroup, a significant proportion of patients can achieve long-term posttransplant survival. (bvsalud.org)
  • Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Turner Syndrome: A 68-Year Follow-Up. (cdc.gov)
  • Considering those issues, the 90 percent success rate CombiMatrix saw in its 44 months of array-based testing demonstrates a clear improvement over traditional karyotyping. (genomeweb.com)