Term immunoglobulin antigens t independent. Medical search. Frequent questions

Bacteria colonize the intestine shortly after birth and thereafter exert several beneficial functions, including induction of protective immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. (nih.gov)
Antigens are recognized by antigen receptors, including antibodies and T-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
in some instances, however, antibodies may cross-react to bind more than one antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies usually do not react with self-antigens due to negative selection of T cells in the thymus and B cells in the bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
The diseases in which antibodies react with self antigens and damage the body's own cells are called autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
But, by 1903, he understood that an antigen induces the production of immune bodies (antibodies) and wrote that the word antigen is a contraction of antisomatogen (Immunkörperbildner). (wikipedia.org)
Most antigens have the potential to be bound by multiple antibodies, each of which is specific to one of the antigen's epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin-binding protein - Proteins such as protein A, protein G, and protein L that are capable of binding to antibodies at positions outside of the antigen-binding site. (wikipedia.org)
While antigens are the "target" of antibodies, immunoglobulin-binding proteins "attack" antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
T-dependent antigen - Antigens that require the assistance of T cells to induce the formation of specific antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Humoral immunity is maintained by long-lived plasma cells that secrete antigen-specific antibodies, and memory B cells that rapidly respond to antigen re-exposure by generating new plasma cells and memory B cells. (bvsalud.org)
Current pneumococcal vaccines use the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides as antigens to generate serotype-specific antibodies, which facilitate serotype-specific clearance of pneumococci through opsonophagocytosis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Immunoglobulins are antibodies formed by B cells and not the targets of an infection from a foreign molecule. (babelouedstory.com)
CA: Antigen is the correct term for anything that is the target of the immune response, causing production of antibodies by the living organism. (babelouedstory.com)
Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system that attack antigens such as bacteria, viruses, and allergens. (dhalab.com)
IgG (immunoglobulin G, total) are antibodies that provide long-term resistance to infections and have a much longer half-life than an IgE allergy. (dhalab.com)
Monoclonal antibodies developed against immunogenic proteins (Tumor Specific Antigens/TSA's) that are expressed in human cancers, display a unique behavioral pattern. (jcancer.org)
Bound antibodies had been visualized by fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated rabbit-anti-sheep immunoglobulin (Cappel, Organon Teknika). (ubatubasat.com)
it recognizes free antigen molecules in solution and matures into plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulin (antibodies) that inactivate the antigens a term used to describe rod-shaped bacteriaa prokaryotic microorganism without a cell membrane or nucleus. (pdfdrug.com)
Antibodies called immunoglobulin drive an essential part of immune health. (teknoscienze.com)
Antibodies will detect antigens and destroy them via the macrophages. (teknoscienze.com)
One of the most critical antibodies of the immune system is the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). (teknoscienze.com)
We sought to determine if there was antibody deposition in SAH livers and whether antibodies extracted from SAH livers were cross-reactive against both bacterial antigens and human proteins. (elifesciences.org)
We analyzed immunoglobulins (Ig) in explanted livers from SAH patients (n=45) undergoing liver transplantation and tissue from corresponding healthy donors (HD, n=10) and found massive deposition of IgG and IgA isotype antibodies associated with complement fragment C3d and C4d staining in ballooned hepatocytes in SAH livers. (elifesciences.org)
Kinnaert P, Pradier O, Bournonville B, Habrant C, Goldman M, Van Geertruyden N: Role of CD18-dependent and CD18-independent mechanisms in the increased leukocyte adhesiveness and in the variations of circulating white blood cell populations induced by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. (exbio.cz)
When the immune system detects an antigen, it responds by producing proteins called antibodies that destroy the harmful substances. (medlineplus.gov)

Engineered vaccine proteins incorporating both antigen and adjuvant components are constructed with the aim of combining functions to induce effective protective immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
The B-cell receptor is formed from the noncovalent association between surface IgM or IgD and 2 transmembrane proteins, IgA and immunoglobulin B. The presence of CD22 and CD19/CD21 on the cell surface, playing the role of coreceptorlike molecules, is necessary for the activation of the receptor. (medscape.com)
They both are transmembrane proteins with extended cytoplasmic domains containing immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motives (ITAMs), and together with cell surface immunoglobulin they constitute B-cell antigen-specific receptor (BCR). (exbio.cz)
These tumor proteins, when first defined, were referred to as tumor associated antigens. (jcancer.org)
IgG1 is a subclass of antibody that responds to the presence of soluble proteins antigens and membrane proteins, so these are the guys normally associated with high levels in serum during and after viral infections. (substack.com)
Antigen recognition also involves other surface proteins on T cells. (vumc.org)

Memory cells travel to the primary follicle, where, after exposure to dendritic cells, they differentiate into centroblasts (immunoglobulin class-switch). (medscape.com)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
SL is an antigen-dependent process and requires the collaboration of antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), CD4 + T lymphocytes, and different cytokines. (medscape.com)

When C3d is activated in response to an antigen, the C3 portion attaches to the antigen. (dhalab.com)

IgG4 is a subclass of antibody that responds to repeated or long-term exposure to antigens, and 'may become the dominant subclass' as a result of this repeated exposure. (substack.com)
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with fibrosis and abundant tissue lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations. (hindawi.com)
for the first time, reported that sclerosing pancreatitis is related to high levels of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
proposed the term "IgG4-related autoimmune disease" as a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Increased immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) concentration is a common, though nonspecific, finding observed in most IgG4-RD patients [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

Vaccines are examples of antigens in an immunogenic form, which are intentionally administered to a recipient to induce the memory function of the adaptive immune system towards antigens of the pathogen invading that recipient. (wikipedia.org)
Two hepatitis B single antigen vaccines are available in the United States: Recombivax from Merck & Co. and Engerix-B from GlaxoSmithKline. (hepatitisprohelp.com)

These changes are due to alterations in the flow and composition of salivary fluid and in the levels and activity of defense components (eg, immunoglobulins, cytokines) in the saliva. (medscape.com)

Examples of antigens include bacteria, viruses, toxins , cancer cells, and foreign blood or tissues from another person or species. (medlineplus.gov)

Diverse antigen receptors are made by cells of the immune system so that each cell has a specificity for a single antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The birth dose must be a single antigen formulation. (hepatitisprohelp.com)

In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. (wikipedia.org)
To investigate the immunity benefits of this specific strain of B. subtilis , a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was initiated in collaboration with an independent expert in Gastroenterology and Immunology: Professor Philippe Marteau from Paris 7 university and AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France. (teknoscienze.com)

Covalent linkage (conjugation) of PRP with T-cell dependent protein antigens was evaluated in an attempt to overcome the T-cell independent characteristics of PRP. (cdc.gov)
Abatacept is a fully human soluble fusion protein that consists of the extracellular domain of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) linked to the modified Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1, which has been modified to prevent complement fixation. (jrheum.org)
An antibody is a protein secreted by the immune system in response to the presence of pathogen substances, the antigens. (teknoscienze.com)
Shortly after SARS-CoV emerged at the turn of the 21st century, the spike (S) protein (particularly in its native conformation) was identified as the immunodominant antigen of the virus3. (who.int)

Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
With the ability of the mAbs to demonstrate therapeutic antitumor activity in those patients with relatively advanced malignancies, the term tumor specific was introduced. (jcancer.org)
Monoclonals developed from these tumor antigens are in the initial phases of investigation with regard to their specificity and antitumor activity. (jcancer.org)
Mabs capable of targeting the malignancies noted above were produced following immunization of BALBc mice with the Tumor Specific Antigens. (jcancer.org)

Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
Diverse repertoires of hypervariable immunoglobulin receptors (TCR and BCR) recognize antigens in the adaptive immune system. (elifesciences.org)
T-cell receptors (TCR) and B-cell receptors (BCR) are hypervariable immunoglobulins that play a key role in recognizing antigens in the vertebrate immune system. (elifesciences.org)
Stimulation of innate immunity receptors on the dendritic cell by the pathogen promotes phagocytosis by the dendritic cell and the display of antigens with MHC class II molecules. (vumc.org)

Immunodominant antigens - Antigens that dominate (over all others from a pathogen) in their ability to produce an immune response. (wikipedia.org)

These results demonstrate that B7-mediated signaling plays a critical role in germinal center formation and immunoglobulin class switching in vivo. (nih.gov)

The immune system helps protect the body from harmful substances called antigens . (medlineplus.gov)

Therapies for these disorders (eg, intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG], bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy) are very costly and require highly advanced facilities. (medscape.com)

B lymphocytes, named after their site of origin in the bursa of Fabricius in birds or in the bone marrow in humans, form the basis for humoral immunity by their production of immunoglobulins. (medscape.com)

In contrast to T-cell dependent antigens, T-cell independent antigens are characterized by a) induction of a poor antibody response in less than 18-month-old infants and children, b) a variable and quantitatively smaller antibody response than that seen with T-cell dependent antigens, c) production of a higher proportion of immunoglobulin M (IgM), and d) inability to induce a booster response. (cdc.gov)
Schistosomal antigens induce immunological responses which could provoke several forms of glomerular injury known as schistosomal glomerulopathy and that affect 10-15% of infected individuals. (who.int)

Antigen-presenting cells present antigens in the form of peptides on histocompatibility molecules. (wikipedia.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
A family of calcium-independent cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (bvsalud.org)

Alternate pathway activation occurs when components of microbial cell surfaces (eg, yeast walls, bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide [endotoxin]) or immunoglobulin (eg, nephritic factor, aggregated IgA) cleave small amounts of C3. (msdmanuals.com)

We found that human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) triggered IgA(2) class switching in B cells, including IgA(1)-expressing B cells arriving from mucosal follicles, through a CD4(+) T cell-independent pathway involving a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). (nih.gov)
B-cell disorders are divided into defects of B-cell development/immunoglobulin production ( immunodeficiencies ) and excessive/uncontrolled proliferation ( lymphomas , leukemias ). (medscape.com)

Mice deficient in both B7-1 and B7-2 failed to generate antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a responses and lacked germinal centers when immunized by a number of routes and even in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. (nih.gov)
Mice lacking only B7-1 or B7-2 mounted high-titer antigen-specific IgG responses when immunized in complete Freund's adjuvant, indicating that B7-1 and B7-2 can have overlapping, compensatory functions for IgG responses. (nih.gov)
Moreover, polymerized flagellin filaments can elicit a more robust immunoglobulin response than monomeric flagellin, and the multimeric antigen form can also promote T cell-independent antibody responses. (biomedcentral.com)
However, this has necessitated the inclusion of appropriate adjuvants to enhance the immune responses induced by engineered antigens and is of particular importance when used for individuals suffering from immunodeficiency disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
uncover the crosstalk between immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mast-cell-mediated immune activation and neural responses driving behavioral avoidance of allergenic food. (bvsalud.org)
The long-term effectiveness of antibody responses relies on the development of humoral immune memory. (bvsalud.org)
IgE (immunoglobulin E) allergies are the immediate responses to a foreign substance that has entered the body via food or inhalation. (dhalab.com)

depending on the antigen and the type of the histocompatibility molecule, different types of T cells will be activated. (wikipedia.org)

In 1971, hepatitis B surface antigen testing heralded the advent of screening to minimize infection transmission complicating allogeneic transfusion. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis B vaccination is available for preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis and provides long-term protection. (hepatitisprohelp.com)

Immunofluorescence showed diffuse deposition of glomerular basement membrane immunoglobulin (Ig)M and complement component C3, with mesangial IgG, but negative for C4, fibrin and IgA. (who.int)

Fuentes-Pananá EM, Bannish G, van der Voort D, King LB, Monroe JG: Ig alpha/Ig beta complexes generate signals for B cell development independent of selective plasma membrane compartmentalization. (exbio.cz)

Both continue their development in the bone marrow through an antigen-independent process called primary lymphopoiesis (PL). Recognized stages of PL are pro-B cell, pre-B cell, immature B cell, and mature B cell. (medscape.com)
The latter migrate back to the bone marrow and start producing immunoglobulins. (medscape.com)

Upon exposure to an antigen, only the lymphocytes that recognize that antigen are activated and expanded, a process known as clonal selection. (wikipedia.org)
The CD3 antigen is present on 68-82% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, 65-85% of thymocytes and Purkynje cells in the cerebellum. (exbio.cz)

Teh YM, Neuberger MS: The immunoglobulin (Ig)alpha and Igbeta cytoplasmic domains are independently sufficient to signal B cell maturation and activation in transgenic mice. (exbio.cz)
T cell activation through the antigen receptor (TCR) involves the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 subunits CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon and CD3 zeta. (exbio.cz)

Superantigen - A class of antigens that cause non-specific activation of T-cells, resulting in polyclonal T-cell activation and massive cytokine release. (wikipedia.org)
T-independent antigen - Antigens that stimulate B cells directly. (wikipedia.org)
Secondary lymphopoiesis (SL) begins when mature B cells enter the extrafollicular area of lymphoid tissue and differentiate into short-lived plasma cells and memory cells after being stimulated by antigen-presenting cells. (medscape.com)
Centroblasts progress to centrocytes with high-affinity antibody production, then differentiate further to long-term memory cells and plasmablasts. (medscape.com)
Choice approaches are the use of artificial sialylated sugars to cross-link siglecs which might better approximate the natural relationships between siglecs and their ligands on additional cells in terms of both affinity and avidity. (hiv-proteases.com)
The human immune response to PRP resembles the murine response to T-cell independent antigens: B cells provide the primary response without a contribution from T-helper cells. (cdc.gov)
Subsequently, in pre-B cells, CD79 heterodimer is associated with lambda5-VpreB surrogate immunoglobulin and later with antigen-specific surface immunoglobulins. (exbio.cz)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a broad term that covers the transplantation of blood progenitor/stem cells from any source. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
CD3 complex is crucial in transducing antigen-recognition signals into the cytoplasm of T cells and in regulating the cell surface expression of the TCR complex. (exbio.cz)

The Expert Committee also adopted new written standards for production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins and an amendment to the current written standard for yellow fever vaccine . (who.int)

This includes the amount of shed antigen in the serum at the time of treatment that could initiate immune complex formation as well as the shedding of inhibitory material into the serum possibly effecting an immune response. (jcancer.org)
Because it has a half-life of 2 to 3 days, the plasma concentration is less than 1% of the total immunoglobulin in serum. (bankowe-promocje.pl)

Secondary B lymphopoiesis is an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the germinal center of peripheral lymphoid organs with specific antibody production. (medscape.com)

High titers of IgE are associated with allergic reactions, which is when the immune system overreacts to environmental antigens such as pollen, pet dander, and/or parasitic infections. (dhalab.com)

This confirms that this class switch to this tolerizing antibody subclass is specific to the effects of repeated injections with the Comirnaty products (we'll have to check the Moderna mRNA-1273 products) and more importantly, that is not a typical consequence of repeat antigen exposure from either natural infections and vaccination. (substack.com)

2 The risk of SJS/TEN is compounded by an individual's genetic predisposition, including specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, drug metabolism characteristics, and T cell clonotypes. (clinicaladvisor.com)

The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response. (wikipedia.org)

All patients were tested before the initiation of treatment for antibody-response status (IgG and IgM) against cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens (serology). (fabretp.org)

Statistical analyses on seroprevalence had been performed utilizing a chi-square ensure that you the antibody titres had been compared utilizing a Learners em t /em -check for independent examples. (ubatubasat.com)

This may be relevant to the suggestion of kinase-independent effects of ERK1/2 and the therapeutic use of ERKi. (babraham.ac.uk)
Snake antivenom immunoglobulins (antivenoms) are the only therapeutic products for the treatment of envenomings due to snakebites. (who.int)

Evidence of long term protection against HB has only been demonstrated in individuals who have been vaccinated according to a recommended immunization schedule. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
Independent of their anti-HBs titres, children and adults lacking adequate documentation of immunization should be considered susceptible and started on an immunization schedule appropriate for their age and risk factors. (hepatitisprohelp.com)

Fuentes-Pananá EM, Bannish G, Shah N, Monroe JG: Basal Igalpha/Igbeta signals trigger the coordinated initiation of pre-B cell antigen receptor-dependent processes. (exbio.cz)

Here, we aim to produce and test a covalently stabilized polymerized flagellar filament, providing additional immune efficacy through stabilization of its polymeric filament structure, as well as stabilization for long-term storage. (biomedcentral.com)
Specifically, increased stability and heat tolerance permits long-term storage in a range of temperature environments, as well as delivery under a range of clinical conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequently, the development of long-term anticoagulants, such as acid-citrate-dextrose, allowed preservation of blood for later use. (medscape.com)
This suggests that DNA replication following escape from G1 arrest in drug is more error prone and provides a potential explanation for the DNA damage observed under long-term RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway inhibition. (babraham.ac.uk)
Some other external factors can lead to a decrease in the sIgA concentration, such as intensive training, long-term use of medication, or even our modern lifestyle, which can leave us stressed, fatigued, and sleep-deprived. (teknoscienze.com)
The study was undertaken to evaluate patient characteristics, (Age and sex distribution) long term sequelae of CNS prophylaxis (growth retardation) and the treatment outcome in these 66 paediatric patients who were treated and followed up at Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka during the period between 1st May 1982 and 27th September 1993. (who.int)

It contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. (betalifesci.com)

The term SJS/TEN is often used to describe the entire disease spectrum. (clinicaladvisor.com)

TBF may cause abortion in ewes and short-term infertility in rams [34], but the primary consequence of the em E. phagocytophila /em infections in sheep may be the ensuing immunosuppresion leading to secondary attacks, such as for example em Staphylococcus aureus /em pyaemia and em Pasteurella hemolytica (trehalosi) /em septicaemia [5,26]. (ubatubasat.com)

Mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. (betalifesci.com)
Also mediates heterophilic cell-cell adhesion with CADM3 and NECTIN3 in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. (betalifesci.com)

The human immune system is capable of producing up to 10 9 different antibody species to interact with a wide range of antigens. (medscape.com)
These CD3 subunits are structurally related members of the immunoglobulins super family encoded by closely linked genes on human chromosome 11. (exbio.cz)
Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses were numbered in an order reflecting the time of their discovery, which also corresponds to their prevalence in plasma [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

CMV pp65 antigen or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening was obtained at screening in CMV-seropositive patients, followed by every month during the induction phase and every 2 months during the maintenance phase. (fabretp.org)

The reaction between an antigen and an antibody is called the antigen-antibody reaction. (wikipedia.org)
This activation, even though it is independent, will amplify the reaction that occurs with total IgG greatly increasing inflammation and symptoms of sensitivity. (dhalab.com)

The complexity of the production of efficient antivenoms, in particular the importance of preparing appropriate snake venom mixtures for the production of hyperimmune plasma (the source of antivenom immunoglobulins), the decreasing number of producers, and the fragility of the production systems in developing countries further jeopardize the availability of efficient antivenoms in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and South America. (who.int)
The new WHO Guidelines on Production, Control and Regulation of Snake Antivenom Immunoglobulins cover all the steps involved into the production, control and regulation of venoms and antivenoms. (who.int)

Based on the evaluation of independent risk factors predictive of invasive Candida infections, clinically relevant scores were evaluated in the last decade. (gsk-3signals.com)

This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":"text":"NCT02962401″,"term_id":"NCT02962401″NCT02962401. (fabretp.org)

The unavailability of effective snake antivenom immunoglobulins to treat the specific types of envenomings encountered in various regions of the world has become a critical health issue at the global level. (who.int)

Secondary T lymphopoiesis is also an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the thymus. (medscape.com)

We hypothesized that "autoimmune encephalitides" may result from any brain inflammation concurring with the presence of brain antigen-directed autoantibodies, e.g., against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor NR1 (NMDAR1-AB), which are not causal of, but may considerably shape the encephalitis phenotype. (nature.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms10

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs137

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Antibodies26

Proteins6

Dendritic Cells3

Activated in response to an antigen1

IgG45

Vaccines2

Cytokines1

Bacteria1

Single antigen2

Immunology2

Protein4

Tumor4

Receptors4

Immunodominant1

Vivo1

Substances1

IVIG1

Humoral immunity1

Induce2

Molecules3

Bacterial1

Proliferation2

Responses7

Molecule1

Hepatitis2

Complement1

Membrane1

Bone marrow2

Lymphocytes2

Cytoplasmic2

Cells10

Vaccine1

Serum2

Germinal center1

Pollen1

Exposure1

Metabolism1

Immune response1

Antibody response1

Examples1

Therapeutic2

Immunization2

Trigger1

Long-term6

Domains1

Describe1

Consequence1

Cell2

Human3

Induction1

Reaction2

Production2

Infections1

Clinical1

Specific1

Occurs1

Presence1