Term anions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Until early 1990s, renal organic anion transport was thought to be carried out by a few carrier proteins that showed wide substrate specificity. (aspetjournals.org)
Proteins involved in the transport of organic anions. (bvsalud.org)

Recently, we isolated a new complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding human liver-specific organic anion transporter (LST-1), representing the multispecificity of human liver. (nih.gov)
rlst-1 also belongs to the same new gene family as human LST-1, located between the organic anion transporter family and the prostaglandin transporter. (nih.gov)
A cDNA clone was isolated from a human renal library and designated human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1). (aspetjournals.org)
Importantly, both hOAT1 and rat renal organic anion transporter 1 (rROAT1) mediated saturable, probenecid-sensitive uptake of cidofovir, adefovir, and other nucleoside phosphonate antivirals. (aspetjournals.org)
A cDNA encoding a multispecific organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3) was isolated from a human kidney cDNA library. (aspetjournals.org)
first, organic anions are transported from the peritubular plasma by basolateral organic anion transporter(s) and subsequently effluxed into the tubular lumen by luminal transporter(s). (aspetjournals.org)
Pombrio JM, Giangreco A, Li L, Wempe MF, Anders MW, Sweet DH, Pritchard JB, Ballatori N. Mercapturic acids (N-acetylcysteine S-conjugates) as endogenous substrates for the renal organic anion transporter-1. (ucdenver.edu)

The FHA cycle is active inside the cell, detoxifying superoxide anion radicals (O2·-), which are mainly generated as a result of so-called 'electron leakage' to triplet oxygen (O2) in photosynthetic, mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and probably other electron transport chains (Ozyigit et al. (deepdyve.com)
Short term exposure to live spores in the presence of PMA resulted in enhanced superoxide anion production if the spores were washed immediately prior to the study. (cdc.gov)
Spore diffusates of A- niger and A-fumigatus caused a dose dependent decrease in superoxide anion production stimulated by PMA. (cdc.gov)
The authors conclude that, because of the differences observed in fungi germination, diffusate chemotactic activity, and superoxide anion production, the fungi in this study might be treated differently in the lung, therefore eliciting differential responses. (cdc.gov)

A subclass of ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS whose transport of organic anions is driven either directly or indirectly by a gradient of sodium ions. (umassmed.edu)

The overall homology with human LST-1 was 60.2%, which is the highest among all known organic anion transporters. (nih.gov)
Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent" by people in this website by year, and whether "Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
A sub-family of sequence-related ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS. (bvsalud.org)

These results suggest an important role of hOAT3 in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions in the kidney. (aspetjournals.org)
Analysis of heterologous expression systems of rOAT1 in oocytes and culture cells revealed that rOAT1 has the ability to transport anionic drugs, such as β-lactam antibiotics, NSAIDs, methotrexate, and antiviral drugs, as well as various endogenous organic anions and exogenous substances. (aspetjournals.org)
All of these isoforms are commonly expressed in the kidney, and their potential roles in renal handling of organic anions have been indicated. (aspetjournals.org)
Among the OAT isoforms, rOAT3, as well as rOAT1, exhibits a markedly wide substrate selectivity, and its human homolog is considered a key molecule in the renal handling of organic anions. (aspetjournals.org)
The primary defect in Dubin-Johnson syndrome is a mutation in an apical canalicular membrane protein responsible for the excretion of bilirubin and other nonbile salt organic anions. (medscape.com)

Even though anions cannot formally fulfill the concept of superelectrophilic published by Olah (which only refers to cations), these particular anions exhibit reactivity that strongly resembles that of superelectrophilic dications in the gas phase. (wikipedia.org)
excellent long- and short-term precision in relative retention times were obtained for both cations and anions. (unboundmedicine.com)
A1 - Lurie,I S, PY - 1996/9/1/pubmed PY - 1997/12/31/medline PY - 1996/9/1/entrez SP - 237 EP - 42 JF - Journal of capillary electrophoresis JO - J Capillary Electrophor VL - 3 IS - 5 N2 - Methodology is presented for the analysis of cations and anions in illicit heroin using CE with indirect UV detection. (unboundmedicine.com)
Long-term leaching or loss of basic cations such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium have decreased soil pH in the higher rainfalls of eastern South Dakota compared to the western part of the state. (farmprogress.com)
The anion gap is the difference between primary measured cations (sodium Na + and potassium K + ) and the primary measured anions (chloride Cl - and bicarbonate HCO3 - ) in serum. (medscape.com)

1 - 6 ] In body fluids and at physiological pH , hydrogen cyanide dissolves to form the cyanide anion. (cancer.gov)
Cyanides, a diverse family of compounds containing the highly reactive cyanide anion (CN-), are produced from both anthropogenic and natural sources. (cdc.gov)

10 mEq/L). A urine anion gap of more than 20 mEq/L is seen in metabolic acidosis when the kidneys are unable to excrete ammonia (such as in renal tubular acidosis). (medscape.com)
A positive urine anion gap is seen in conditions of type 1 and type 2 renal tubular acidosis versus almost every other cause of normal anion gap acidosis (diarrhea). (medscape.com)

Therefore, developing solid electrolyte which can provide high ionic conductivity together with wide electrochemical stability window and chemical stability to the positive electrodes is necessary to fully utilize cation redox, and possibly anion redox together, of the high voltage positive electrode materials in ASSBs. (uwaterloo.ca)
This thesis presents various approaches for improving energy density of LIBs, NIBs and ASSBs with respect to harnessing the cation and anion redox. (uwaterloo.ca)
The PMBI configuration enabled significantly enhanced performance in a DBFC as compared to either an all-anion-exchange or an all-cation-exchange configuration (330 mA/cm2 at 1.5 V and 630 mWpeak/cm2 at 1.0 V). The PMBI-type electrodes provide a new and fascinating design to engineer fuel-cell membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). (wustl.edu)

Ion exchanger with anions as counter-ions. (iupac.org)
The base form of an anion exchanger is the ionic form in which the counter-ions are hydroxide groups (OH– form) or the ionogenic groups form an uncharged base, e.g. (iupac.org)
It is concluded that the LDH has a potential to be used as a long-term nitrate exchanger to control the movement of nitrate in soil, and thereby reduce risks of nitrate leaching in crop production in sensible areas. (springer.com)
Beavers K (1999) A crystal chemical study on layered double hydroxides (LDHs): an approach to develop an anion exchanger. (springer.com)

We investigated the temperature dependence of the intermolecular vibrational dynamics of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with 10 different anion species using femtosecond Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy. (acs.org)
Long-term thermal stability of fatty acid anion-based ionic liquids. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
Anion exchange membrane (AEM), generally composed of a polymer with covalently tethered ionic groups, is the central component of the fuel cell serving as the electrolyte, conducting hydroxide ions from cathode to anode, where fast ionic conduction is directly related to power output. (wustl.edu)

Hepatic uptake of cholephilic organic compounds is mediated by members of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) family. (nih.gov)
In vitro, the majority of bosentan uptake into liver cells was shown to depend on active transport and to be efficiently inhibited by cyclosporin A. All known members of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (oatp) transport protein family expressed in rat liver, i.e., oatp1, oatp2, and oatp4, were shown to be involved in the uptake of bosentan. (aspetjournals.org)

Later, the term superelectrophilic was also frequently applied in gas phase studies to highly reactive dications that can bind noble gases at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
However, the local structural distortion and reactive oxygen release accompanied by anion redox have hindered the harnessing of oxygen redox for commercialized LIBs. (uwaterloo.ca)
In water solutions, this substance is present as a monovalent anion, ascorbate- (Asc-), which easily donates electrons to oxidized molecules and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). (deepdyve.com)

Northern blot analyses were performed using the isolated cDNA (termed rlst-1). (nih.gov)

Because hOAT1 has been suggested to show rather limited capacity for organic anion transport, hOAT3 might play a large role in the human kidney. (aspetjournals.org)

EPR spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that salinity (NaCl) triggers the accumulation of root apoplastic ascorbyl radicals in an A9C-dependent manner, confirming that l-ascorbate leaks through anion channels under depolarization. (deepdyve.com)

OATP-B, OATP-C, and OATP8 account for the major part of sodium-independent bile salt, organic anion, and drug clearance of human liver. (nih.gov)
Anion exchange and bipolar membrane fuel cells generate electrical energy directly from chemical fuels and have attracted considerable interests as alternate power sources for large market applications, such as transportation (hydrogen fuel cells) and unmanned vehicles (sodium borohydride fuel cells). (wustl.edu)
The limiting factor of urine anion gap equation is that it is valid only if the urine sodium level is less than 20mEq/L. (medscape.com)
To calculate the urine anion gap the urine electrolytes sodium, chloride, and potassium are measured. (medscape.com)

The term anion-exchange resin may be used in the case of solid organic polymers. (iupac.org)

If only one anion is present (such as Cl or SO4 -- ), reference to Tables 1 and 2 or Figs. 1 through 3 provides the chloride or sulfate and CO concentration. (astm.org)

For anions, proprietary reagents were used, including the Anitron run buffer (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, U.S.A.) and Micro-Coat capillary charge-reversal agent (PE Applied Biosystems), which was utilized to flush the capillary prior to each analysis. (unboundmedicine.com)
Stannyl anions have gained their place as the most widely used precursor for organotin reagents. (titech.ac.jp)
They found that the photoexcited stannyl species had unprecedented selectivity for the synthesis of various useful reagents that conventional stannyl anions could not easily produce. (titech.ac.jp)
Excited about the results, Prof. Nagashima remarks: 'Although many stannylation methods and reagents have been established over almost two centuries, our protocol using photoexcited anion species provides a new and complementary tool for preparing a wide range of organotin compounds. (titech.ac.jp)

In clinical trials, a significant interaction between the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan and the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A was observed, which could not be rationalized in terms of inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes. (aspetjournals.org)

In particular, the organic anion transport pathway has been shown to mediate the elimination of various drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
The developed anion texturing approach provides a pathway towards exploring zinc chemistry and prospering aqueous rechargeable batteries. (ntu.edu.sg)

Dipole-bound anions for 32 molecules with dipole moments between 2.5 and 6.0 Debye have been studied. (tennessee.edu)
Moreover, these photoexcited anions had a remarkable ability for the defluorostannylation and dehalostannylation of aryl molecules. (titech.ac.jp)
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Reactions with other anions are also possible and lead to the formation of highly charged ions. (wikipedia.org)
Reactions of simple and peptidic alpha-carboxylate radical anions with" by Tony Ly, Benjamin B. Kirk et al. (edu.au)
The scientists explored reactions between photoexcited stannyl anions and several compounds, including alkynes, aryl fluorides, and aryl halides. (titech.ac.jp)

Hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite anion are two of these chemicals that disinfect the water. (cdc.gov)

Any molecule with a dipole moment above approximately 2.5 Debye can form a stable negative ion (dipole-bound anion). (tennessee.edu)
The salt effect cannot be described in terms of Debye screening, but involves the ion-specific sequestering of anions within the narrow channel. (lu.se)

Since anions are negatively charged and formally have an electron excess, they generally exhibit nucleophilic reaction behavior and should therefore not be able to form stable bonds to noble gas atoms. (wikipedia.org)
The superelectrophilic anions [B12X11]- can be generated from the very stable closo-dodecaborate dianions [B12X12]2- by fragmentation in the gas phase. (wikipedia.org)
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Through density functional theory calculations, the team determined that trimethyltin anion (Me 3 Sn), a model stannyl anion, has a special affinity for blue light, which energizes the molecule to an excited 'single' state. (titech.ac.jp)

ANION "CM" is a hydrochloric acid solution that contains corrosion inhibitors, detergent's, wetting agents & degreasing compounds. (anioncorp.com)
In this third article we generalize CHARDI to structures based on anion-centred polyhedra, which have drawn attention in recent years, and we show that computations based on both descriptions can be useful to obtain a deeper insight into the structural details, in particular for mixed-valence compounds where CHARDI is able to give precise indications on the statistical distribution of atoms with different oxidation number. (univ-lorraine.fr)
Their approach is based on the photoexcitation of stannyl anions, which alters their electronic state and increases their selectivity and reactivity to form useful compounds. (titech.ac.jp)
During our studies involving stannyl anions, we occasionally detected small amounts of compounds called distannanes that were probably generated by the irradiation of stannyl anions with light. (titech.ac.jp)
This easy-to-induce progression from a stannyl anion to a stannyl radical in an excited 'triplet' state gives the stannyl species vastly different chemical properties, including enhanced reactivity and selectivity towards certain compounds. (titech.ac.jp)

Some of this acidity is neutralized by plant uptake of nitrate in which the plant roots exude basic anions. (farmprogress.com)

The short-term precision in peak areas was satisfactory. (unboundmedicine.com)
The aim of this study was to verify if the neurotoxic effects of particulates that exert adverse effects on the respiratory tract after styrene are related to long-term peak exposures in workers at lev- inhalation. (cdc.gov)

In the condensed phase, reaction products of the superelectrophilic anions were synthesized in small amounts using the ion soft-landing method. (wikipedia.org)

However, in direct contrast to this intuitive concept, it was shown in 2017 that the negatively charged gas-phase fragment anion [B12Cl11]- can bind the noble gases krypton and xenon at room temperature and thus, must be strongly electrophilic. (wikipedia.org)

Inspired by these observations, we became interested in exploring the synthesis applications of these theoretical photoexcited stannyl anion species,' explains Assistant Professor Yuki Nagashima, lead researcher from Tokyo Tech. (titech.ac.jp)
Illustration showing stannyl diradical species generated by photo-excitation of stannyl anions. (titech.ac.jp)

ANION "CM" is formulated to remove cement and other calcium deposits such as lime scale, mussels, barnacles from places that are causing problems. (anioncorp.com)

Intriguingly, the replacement of gluconate with ascorbate in the patch-clamp pipette reveals a large ascorbate efflux current, which shows sensitivity to the anion channel blocker, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), indicative of the ascorbate release via anion channels. (deepdyve.com)
Here, we show that stomatal closure to fungal chitin is conferred by the major PRRs for chitin recognition, LYK5 and CERK1, the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase PBL27, and the SLAH3 anion channel. (elifesciences.org)
Our results demonstrate a short signal transduction module from MAMP recognition to anion channel activation, and independent of ABA-induced SLAH3 activation. (elifesciences.org)

The terms "free chlorine" and "aqueous chlorine" in drinking water usually refers to the amount of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite in the water. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, the electrophilicity of this fragment anion could even be increased by exchanging the chlorine atoms (Cl) with cyano groups (CN). (wikipedia.org)
These anions are best produced by "resonance" charge exchange from atoms in high Rydberg states (Rydberg electron transfer, RET). (tennessee.edu)

Successful management of viral infections often requires long-term therapy with highly potent antivirals. (aspetjournals.org)
These sites are then placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) and are targeted for long-term federal clean-up activities. (cdc.gov)
Long term fertilizing and/or leaching has apparently lowered soil pH in South Dakota. (farmprogress.com)
10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.269 sequently retained, doses correlate closely with long-term toxic effects. (cdc.gov)
Long-term use of nucleoside analogues eg entecavir does not increase the risk of other cancers. (medscape.com)
Conclusions Long-term safety profile of nucleoside analogues is now better defined with more data from large real-life cohorts and clinical trials with long-term follow-up. (medscape.com)
[ 7-9 ] This raises a small yet legitimate concern about the long-term safety of NA therapy. (medscape.com)

The features of the temperature-dependent vibrational spectra vary with the different anions. (acs.org)
We also compared the temperature-dependent low-frequency spectra of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium- and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium-based ILs with some anions. (acs.org)

Detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces currents mediated via slow-type (S-type) anion channels by a yet not understood mechanism. (elifesciences.org)

The excess electron in such an anion is very diffuse and weakly bound. (tennessee.edu)

1.1 This on-line test method includes hydrogen exchange and degassing by boiling and provides means for determining anions (such as Cl , SO 4-- , NO3 , and F ) at levels as low as 2 [mu]g/L (2 ppb) and carbon dioxide at the level of 0.01 to 10 mg/L (ppm) at 25۳ in high purity water and steam condensate by measuring electrical conductivity. (astm.org)
N. caninum tachyzoite lysate was prepared from cultured N. caninum tachyzoites and separated into 6 fractions by DEAE anion exchange chromatography using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). (usda.gov)

When a linked term is clicked, a definition will appear in a separate window. (cancer.gov)

The normal value for the serum anion gap is 8-16 mEq/L. However, there are always unmeasurable anions, so an anion gap of less than 11 mEq/L using any of the equations listed in Description is considered normal. (medscape.com)

In the case of the ILs with spherical top anions, such as tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate, and trifluoromethanesulfonate, the spectral intensity in the low-frequency region below 50 cm -1 increases with rising temperature, while that in the high-frequency region above 50 cm -1 remains almost unchanged. (acs.org)
The resulting [B12(CN)11]- anion also spontaneously binds the particularly unreactive noble gas argon at room temperature and neon up to a maximum temperature of 50 Kelvin. (wikipedia.org)
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If syntheses with superelectrophilic anions would become possible on a larger scale, they might be used for applications, for example the development of cancer drugs for the Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). (wikipedia.org)

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