• Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour is a group of tumors derived from the stromal component of the ovary and testis, which comprises the granulosa, thecal cells and fibrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This tumour produces granulosa cells, which normally are found in the ovary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although both cell types normally occur in the testicle, this tumour can occur in the ovary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Malignant ovarian lesions include primary lesions arising from normal structures within the ovary and secondary lesions from cancers arising elsewhere in the body. (medscape.com)
  • Stromal tumors of the ovary include germ-cell tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, and other more rare types. (medscape.com)
  • In this review, we highlighted some of the main gene networks and regulatory mechanisms involved in the plasticity of sex-determining pathways that help to establish a functional ovary that can nurture the follicles to generate a good ovarian reserve, both in quantity and quality. (lidsen.com)
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), were selected and briefly discussed in this review. (lidsen.com)
  • The most common human ovarian pathologies that cause infertility are Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), and both pathologies have been briefly discussed at the end of the review. (lidsen.com)
  • Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • A current perspective on the pathological assessment of FOXL2 in adult-type granulosa cell tumours of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The prevalence and prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Prognostic impact of lymphadenectomy in clinically early stage malignant germ cell tumour of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Pectasides D, Pectasides E, Psyrri A. Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Retroperitoneal nodal metastasis in primary and recurrent granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Ayhan A, Salman MC, Velipasaoglu M, Sakinci M, Yuce K. Prognostic factors in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Patterns of metastasis in sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: can routine staging lymphadenectomy be omitted? (cancercentrum.se)
  • Surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of patients with adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Patterns of spread and recurrence of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Sertoli cell tumour. (wikipedia.org)
  • This tumour produces both Sertoli and Leydig cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • A very rare tumour producing both ovarian (granulosa and/or theca) and testicular (Sertoli and/or Leydig) cells or tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically it consists of adult-type granulosa cells and Sertoli cells, but it has been reported with juvenile-type granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Granulosa cell tumors and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors have specific genetic mutations that are characteristic and can help support the diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • A retrospective study of 83 women with sex cord-stromal tumours (73 with granulosa cell tumour and 10 with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour), all diagnosed between 1975 and 2003, reported that survival was higher with age under 50, smaller tumour size, and absence of residual disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sex cord-stromal tumors are groups of tumors composed of granulosa cells, theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts of stromal origin, singly or in various combinations. (medscape.com)
  • They are often suspected of being malignant prior to operation, being solid ovarian tumours that tend to occur most commonly in post menopausal women. (wikipedia.org)
  • This group of tumours is significantly less common than testicular germ cell tumours in men, and slightly less common than ovarian germ cell tumours in women (see Ovarian cancer). (wikipedia.org)
  • CD56 may be useful for distinguishing sex cord-stromal tumours from some other types of tumours, although it does not distinguish them from neuroendocrine tumours. (wikipedia.org)
  • A prospective study of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours in children and adolescents began enrolling participants in 2005. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-GCNIS related tumours include pre-pubertal type teratoma and yolk sac, diagnosed in early childhood, and spermatocytic tumours in elderly men. (uroweb.org)
  • Granulosa cell tumour. (wikipedia.org)
  • Uncommonly, a similar but possibly distinct tumour, juvenile granulosa cell tumour, presents in pre-pubertal girls with precocious puberty. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leydig cell tumour. (wikipedia.org)
  • For diagnosis of granulosa cell tumour, inhibin is under investigation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Low magnification micrograph of a granulosa cell tumour. (wikipedia.org)
  • The peak incidence is in the third decade of life for non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) and mixed GCT patients, and in the fourth decade for seminoma testis (ST) patients. (uroweb.org)
  • A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
  • Conservative surgery to preserve ovarian function in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. (cancercentrum.se)
  • This tumour produces Leydig cells, which normally are found in the testicle and tend to secrete androgens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sex cord tumour with annular tubules, abbreviated SCTAT. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mature teratoma of the mediastinum: A horizontal slice of the resected tumor reveals fibrofatty tissue, calcified areas, and a few cystic spaces lined with smooth membrane and containing a hair. (mdwiki.org)
  • Mature teratomas generally are benign, with 0.17-2% of mature cystic teratomas becoming malignant. (mdwiki.org)
  • A dermoid cyst is a mature cystic teratoma containing hair (sometimes very abundant) and other structures characteristic of normal skin and other tissues derived from the ectoderm . (mdwiki.org)
  • Clinically and histologically, these are subdivided into seminomas and non-seminomas, the later encompassing somatic and extra-embryonal elements of embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma and teratoma [ 10 ]. (uroweb.org)
  • The International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry is studying these rare tumors and collecting data on them to further research. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, she is cochair of two national protocols that opened in 1999 for the treatment of low-risk and high-risk pediatric germ cell tumors and chair of the COG Germ Cell subcommittee in COG Rare Tumors. (dana-farber.org)
  • Epithelial ovarian tumors are the most common tumor subtype. (amboss.com)
  • Primary lesions include epithelial ovarian carcinoma (70% of all ovarian malignancies). (medscape.com)
  • Non-epithelial ovarian cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The tumour is almost exclusively benign and unilateral. (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] Mature teratomas include dermoid cysts and are generally benign . (mdwiki.org)
  • The ovaries consist of different types of tissue ( epithelial , germ cells, and sex cord tissue), which may give rise to benign or malignant tumors . (amboss.com)
  • We report 23 cases of tumors of the salivary gland comprising 18 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, four cases of carcinosarcoma of the parotid and one case of benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma. (ijpmonline.org)
  • A mature teratoma is a grade 0 teratoma. (mdwiki.org)
  • A mature teratoma often contains several different types of tissue such as skin , muscle , and bone . (mdwiki.org)
  • Immature teratoma is the malignant counterpart of the mature teratoma and contains immature tissues which typically show primitive or embryonal neuroectodermal histopathology. (mdwiki.org)
  • In this regard, in many cases the fetus in fetu is reported to occupy a fluid-filled cyst within a mature teratoma. (mdwiki.org)
  • Rupture of a mucinous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma leading to the spread of tumor cells throughout the peritoneum . (amboss.com)
  • On magnetic resonance imaging, a fibroma may produce one of several imaging features that might be used in the future to identify this rare tumour prior to surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • C: Tumor either Stage IA or Stage IB, but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, or with capsule ruptured, or with ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor involving one or both ovaries with peritoneal implants outside the pelvis and/or positive retroperitoneal or inguinal nodes. (medscape.com)
  • B. Tumor of one or both ovaries with histologically confirmed implants of abdominal peritoneal surfaces, none exceeding 2 cm in diameter. (medscape.com)
  • The term is most often applied to teratoma on the skull sutures and in the ovaries of females. (mdwiki.org)
  • The presence of advanced ovarian cancer is often suspected on clinical grounds, but it can be confirmed only pathologically by removal of the ovaries or, when the disease is advanced, by sampling tissue or ascitic fluid. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, the epithelial cells originate from the outer epithelial lining surrounding the gonad while the germ cell tumors arise from the precursor cells of the gametes, hence the name germ cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arise from sex cord cells (e.g. (amboss.com)
  • Solitary tumors of the uterus which arise de novo from the mesenchymal cells of the myometrium. (brainscape.com)
  • Standard treatment for women with ovarian cancer involves aggressive debulking surgery and chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • In both groups, the vaginal bleeding is due to oestrogen secreted by the tumour. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although various markers have been reported to stain sex cord-stromal tumors (eg, CD99, CD56, A103, müllerian inhibiting factor, vimentin), inhibin and calretinin have proven to be the most helpful to date. (medscape.com)
  • CD56 is a sensitive marker of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and may also be useful in the diagnosis of this group of neoplasms, especially in cases that are inhibin or calretinin negative, and the differential diagnosis includes neoplasms that are CD56 negative. (medscape.com)
  • We have gained crucial insights into molecular factors and pathways of the cells generating either the supporting gonadal cells or germ cells of both sexes. (lidsen.com)
  • Their diagnosis is histological: only a biopsy of the tumour can make an exact diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or percutaneous biopsy of an adnexal mass is not routinely recommended, as it may delay diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Instead, if a clinical suggestion of ovarian cancer is present, the patient should undergo laparoscopic evaluation or laparotomy, based on the presentation, for diagnosis and staging. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of cytoreductive surgery is to confirm the diagnosis, define the extent of disease, and resect all visible tumor. (medscape.com)
  • This might affect the ovarian reserve and lead to the diagnosis of infertility later in life. (lidsen.com)
  • Patients with more advanced disease may present with ovarian or pelvic mass, ascites, pleural effusion, or abdominal mass or bowel obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • An FNA or diagnostic paracentesis should be performed in patients with diffuse carcinomatosis or ascites without an obvious ovarian mass. (medscape.com)
  • In the last four decades, transgenic and knockout mouse models have helped to understand the mechanisms of mammalian sex determination, germ cell development, and adult gonad functions. (lidsen.com)
  • Second, networks of genes and hormones regulate the advancement of sex determination and gonad differentiation, known as the gonadal sex phase. (lidsen.com)
  • Produces a "barrel cervix" if the tumor encircles the cervix and invades the underlying stroma. (brainscape.com)
  • [8] Immature teratomas may be cancerous . (mdwiki.org)
  • Immature teratoma has one of the lowest rates of somatic mutation of any tumor type and results from one of five mechanisms of meiotic failure. (mdwiki.org)
  • Although there is overlapping histology between the pre-pubertal teratoma/yolk sac and the teratoma and yolk sac elements in the GCNIS-related non-seminomas, these have a separate and independent pathogenesis [ 10 ]. (uroweb.org)
  • In humans, this group accounts for 8% of ovarian cancers and under 5% of testicular cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • [10] Testicular teratomas represent almost half of testicular cancers . (mdwiki.org)
  • Characterized byvtche presence of tumor necrosis, cytologic atypia and mitotic activity. (brainscape.com)
  • Various cell lineages such as the epithelial glandular cells and the stromal spindle cells are involved. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Malignancy arising in mixed tumors of the salivary gland is a distinct entity that can occur sporadically or in association with a background of pleomorphic adenoma. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Through genetic studies of exome sequence, it was found that gliomatosis is genetically identical to the parent ovarian tumor and developed from cells that disseminate from the ovarian teratoma. (mdwiki.org)
  • In mammals, the genotype first determines the sex in the genetic sex phase. (lidsen.com)
  • The sex chromosome combination, particularly the presence of a Y chromosome, triggers a male pattern of development while its absence promotes female development. (lidsen.com)
  • Mayr D, Hirschmann A, Marlow S, Horvath C, Diebold J. Analysis of selected oncogenes (AKT1, FOS, BCL2L2, TGFbeta) on chromosome 14 in granulosa cell tumors (GCTs): a comprehensive study on 30 GCTs combining comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence-in situ-hybridization (FISH). (cancercentrum.se)
  • The development of the gonadal and reproductive tract (uterus and vagina in females, and seminal vesicles, prostate glands, and penis in males) starts around E10.5 in mice, and they are almost completely developed at birth. (lidsen.com)
  • Symptoms independently associated with the presence of ovarian cancer include pelvic and abdominal pain, increased abdominal size and bloating, and difficulty eating or feeling full. (medscape.com)
  • Sieh W, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Winkleby MA, Crump C. Intrauterine factors and risk of nonepithelial ovarian cancers. (cancercentrum.se)
  • CpG methylation of the FHIT, FANCF, cyclin-D2, BRCA2 and RUNX3 genes in Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of ovarian origin. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Molecular genetics and immunopathologic analysis of bladder cancer have shown some abnormalities in a number of genes and proteins that have been implicated in the development and progression of such tumors, mainly in the p53 pathway. (ijpmonline.org)
  • In clinical practice, she concentrates on germ cell tumors, while her epidemiologic research primarily focuses on colorectal cancer screening and prevention. (dana-farber.org)
  • Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of cancer death from gynecologic tumors in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Early ovarian cancer causes minimal, nonspecific, or no symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against screening (with serum CA125 level or transvaginal ultrasonography) for ovarian cancer in the general population. (medscape.com)
  • Routine imaging is not required in all patients in whom ovarian cancer is highly suggested. (medscape.com)
  • Ovarian granulosa cell tumor and increased risk of breast cancer. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Teratomas occur in the coccyx in about one in 30,000 newborns, making them one of the most common tumors in this age group. (mdwiki.org)
  • Gliomatosis peritoneii, which presents as a deposition of mature glial cells in the peritoneum, is almost exclusively seen in conjunction with cases of ovarian teratoma. (mdwiki.org)
  • The occurrence of various malignancies suggests that this phenomenon is not very uncommon and should be looked for when reporting a mixed tumor. (ijpmonline.org)