• In 1977, Grazer and Goldwyn reported the first complications using new techniques. (medscape.com)
  • After several hundred abdominal fascial continuous closures without complications, I expanded its use to the stomach, intestine, esophagus, blood vessels, other fascia and the skin. (dvm360.com)
  • This equates to a more economical way to close traumatic and intentional surgical wounds, less wound infection and less overall complications. (dvm360.com)
  • Other important principles of hernia repair include complete reduction of the hernia sac, wide mesh overlap, and techniques to control seroma and other wound complications. (acohcostarica.com)
  • In the setting of contamination, a delayed primary closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissues should be considered to minimize the chance of postoperative wound complications. (acohcostarica.com)
  • [ 9 ] Over time, direct primary closure becomes difficult, if not impossible, and is often plagued by high rates of dehiscence and early complications. (medscape.com)
  • Accessing the abdominal cavity using a ventral midline incision is one of the most common surgical approaches in small animal surgery, though the procedure is not free of complications. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • Complications of midline coeliotomy in small animals include surgical-site infection, peritonitis, wound dehiscence, and incisional herniation, which can occur with or without eventration (Figure 2). (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • In humans, the length and type of incision is considered a risk factor for development of incisional hernia.9,10 Longer incisions are associated with early development of complications, 9 while there is an increased risk for open coeliotomy compared to minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures.10 Despite the clear advantages of laparoscopy, incisional hernias can also develop with this technique at either the incisional or the trocar site. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • Subsequentabdominal surgery ious forms of exenterative surgery from 1985 to the preshas been performed without fascial complications. (docksci.com)
  • Complications associated with wound healing after abdominal tumor operations continue to be a significant problem. (turkjsurg.com)
  • In our study, patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal system (GIS) malignancy and abdomen closure by using only PDS® and patients who received PDS® as well as reinforcement with retention sutures were compared in terms of early and late post-operative complications. (turkjsurg.com)
  • I began using the material first for routine fascia and skin closure in 1985 because it had properties that were similar to polypropylene, being non-reactive and with an excellent track record for superiority in strength and knot security. (dvm360.com)
  • Operatively, component separation techniques are performed on complex hernias in order to medialize the rectus fascia and achieve a tension-free closure. (acohcostarica.com)
  • The type of incision used depends on the anatomic region to expose, type of surgery and the surgeon's preferences.10 Paramedian incisions provide the theoretic advantage of adding two layers of muscular fascia for closure buttressed by a well-vascularised muscular layer. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • Aetna considers repair of a diastasis recti, defined as a thinning out of the anterior abdominal wall fascia, not medically necessary because, according to the clinical literature, it does not represent a "true" hernia and is of no clinical significance. (aetna.com)
  • Because abdominal wall hernias are defects of the fascia of the abdominal wall, these fascia layers need to be brought together during surgery. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Other reasons are listed as wound infection (9%), broken sutures (8%), fascia necrosis (6%) and loose knots (4%) ( 5 , 6 ). (turkjsurg.com)
  • Seventeen wounds (94%) were closed directly, whereas the remaining defect required coverage with a local muscle flap and skin graft. (medscape.com)
  • That said, while large abdominal wall defects can be plagued by significant herniation of intra-abdominal contents, the size of the fascial defect puts them at low risk for incarceration. (medscape.com)
  • The mesh is placed underneath the defect or hole (the hernia) in the abdominal wall. (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • Condition of the abdominal wall musculature and the ratio between the defect and the width of the rectus muscles (RDR). (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • When second intention or side-to-side linear closure is not possible, more complex movement of local or distant skin in the form of cutaneous flaps is necessary to repair a surgical defect. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • As early as 700 bce , the Sushruta Samhita first documented a technique of reconstructing a large nasal tip defect with a cheek flap. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • The recipient site is called the primary defect and, in dermatologic surgery, is usually the wound resulting from the removal of a cutaneous tumor ( Fig. 2.1 ). (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • The secondary defect is defined as the wound that is created by cutting, lifting, or sliding the flap to fill the primary defect (see Fig. 2.1 ). (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • The wound resulting from the extirpation of the tumor is the primary defect. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • While chronic incisional hernias are commonly associated with patient-dependent factors such as metabolic disease, immunosuppression or development of surgical-site infection, 1,3 acute incisional hernias are likely associated with an inadequate surgical technique, 1,3,4 inappropriate choice of suture material, 1,3 and trauma to the abdominal wall after surgery. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • Prior to discussing an approach to repair, it is helpful to appreciate the magnitude of the problem posed by incisional hernias and other abdominal wall defects. (medscape.com)
  • Incisional hernias are hernias that occur anywhere in the abdomen wall in an area of a prior surgical incision (wound). (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • Incisional hernias may cause discomfort or pain near or around the belly button, when abdominal contents get caught in the hole. (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • Incisional hernias usually may result from 1) poor wound healing whether from infection, obesity, poor nutrition, or certain medications (most commonly steroids), and 2) repeated wear and tear to the surgical incision. (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • Abdominal wall hernias can be divided into primary hernias, that are not related to incisions and incisional hernias. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • METHODS: This is the first analysis of a randomized controlled trial primarily designed to compare mass with layered closure of transverse incisions with respect to incisional hernias. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since I am not in favor of burying suture of any kind in traumatic wounds because it enhances the chance for infection to develop, I have used the polybutester a great deal for this type of closure. (dvm360.com)
  • Research has shown that even having one buried suture in a clean-contaminated wound increases the likelihood of infection occurring by 200 percent. (dvm360.com)
  • As the microorganisms responsible for the infection multiply, infection spreads along the anatomical fascial planes, often sparing the deep muscular structures and, to variable degrees, the overlying skin, making the extent of involvement difficult to appreciate. (medscape.com)
  • Evisceration and post-operative wound infection were significantly lower in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (p=0.008 and p=0.002). (turkjsurg.com)
  • Healing after the surgical techniques previously described is routine unless incisional infection that causes dehiscence develops. (veteriankey.com)
  • RESULTS: All animals survived, and no leakage, intestinal obstruction, or wound infection was observed during the experiment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Secondary end-points comprised suture-to-wound length ratio (SWLR), closure duration, and fascial dehiscence (clinicatrials.gov NCT03561727). (bvsalud.org)
  • Dehiscence occurred in one (0.8%) patient after layered closure and in two (1.5%) patients after mass closure (P >0.999). (bvsalud.org)
  • Wound dehiscence after abdominal operations is a multi-factorial problem in which local and systemic factors are involved. (turkjsurg.com)
  • Wound dehiscence may also develop secondary to hematoma causing suture loosening, increased intra-abdominal pressure due to post-operative persistent cough or vomiting ( 3 , 4 ). (turkjsurg.com)
  • It is used to relieve tension on the edges of the wound and prevent wound dehiscence following laparotomy as a retention reinforcement. (turkjsurg.com)
  • It is used for patients with a high potential for wound dehiscence (emergency laparotomies, revision laparotomies, peritonitis/ileus, elderly patients, bronchopulmonary infections, malignancy operations, operations that last long, coagulation abnormalities). (turkjsurg.com)
  • Surgical wound dehiscence. (lookformedical.com)
  • Traction-assisted internal NPWT provides a safe and effective alternative to reduce wound burden and facilitate definitive closure in cases where delayed reconstruction of high-tension wounds is planned. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] This situation is frequently encountered during closure of prior fasciotomies or delayed reconstruction of traumatic/contaminated abdominal wall defects. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2-4 ] Pending negative cultures and final tissue pathology also influence the timing of definitive closure in patients undergoing staged replacement of infected total joints and oncologic reconstruction, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • When used as an adjunct in wound reconstruction, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) potentiates healing through increased local blood flow and granulation, reduced tissue edema, and controlled bacterial proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • He is board certified and recertified in both general and plastic surgery, he is renowned for his expertise in reconstructive surgery, particularly with hernia and abdominal wall reconstructions and in oncoplastic breast reconstruction. (mdanderson.org)
  • In addition, Dr. Butler is an active clinical and basic science researcher and mentor with an interest in post-oncologic and torso reconstruction, including the abdominal wall, breast, chest wall, pelvis, perineum and spine. (mdanderson.org)
  • The reconstruction of wounds has long been a challenge to surgeons. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • 14 Also, the benefits of transverse incisions for reducing postoperative pain are questionable.15 Transverse abdominal incisions in small animals are reserved for specific procedures such as the flank approach for ovariohysterectomy or the grid approach (small transverse right-paracostal incision) for minimally invasive prophylactic gastropexy. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • From a mechanical standpoint, greater understanding of the abdominal wall as a dynamic musculotendinous structure has led to characterization of a laparotomy incision within the linea alba as a tendon injury, akin to laceration of an upper extremity tendon. (medscape.com)
  • When an incision is made through the abdominal wall for a surgery, that area is inherently weaker than other areas of the abdominal wall. (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • Most any prior abdominal operation or incision can develop into an incisional hernia. (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • In other words, if a hernia developed after a simple suture repair of the wound (closing the incision with a stitch or suture only), then the hernia should be closed another way. (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • Preopera- tive adjuncts such as the injection of botulinum toxin and progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum are proven to help achieve fascial closure in patients with hernia defects and/or loss of domain. (acohcostarica.com)
  • The advent of microsurgical techniques has allowed this versatile flap to be transposed to repair soft tissue defects of the head and neck. (medscape.com)
  • The management of complex abdominal wall defects has challenged both general surgeons and reconstructive surgeons since the turn of the last century. (medscape.com)
  • Formerly the domain of the general surgeon, the increasing complexity of the abdominal wall defects and the development of techniques involving manipulation and mobilization of muscle and myocutaneous flaps have drawn on the expertise of the plastic surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • Regardless of the surgeon's background, the goals of the reconstructive surgeon in managing complex abdominal wall defects are to restore the structural and functional continuity of the musculofascial system and to provide stable and durable wound coverage. (medscape.com)
  • These factors have produced a large subset of medically complicated patients with structurally complex abdominal wall defects. (medscape.com)
  • Abdominal wall defects are no longer characterized as "holes," but as chronic wounds that result in a complex neuromuscular deformity. (medscape.com)
  • Surgeons have used skin flaps to repair wound defects for centuries. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • Here, the anterior and posterior rectus sheaths connect with the three lateral abdominal wall muscles: the external oblique, the internal oblique and the transverse abdominal. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • This illustration demonstrates how the anterior and posterior rectus sheath are formed by the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Contrary to midline incisions, data on closure of transverse abdominal incisions are lacking. (bvsalud.org)
  • Wound temporization with traction-assisted internal negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), using bridging retention sutures, can minimize the effects of edema and elastic recoil that contribute to progressive tissue retraction over time. (medscape.com)
  • Patients undergoing laparotomy through upper abdominal transverse incisions were randomized to either mass or layered closure with continuous sutures. (bvsalud.org)
  • For this purpose, early and late term results of patients who underwent application of polydioxanone (PDS) and additional retention sutures for abdominal closure were retrospectively evaluated. (turkjsurg.com)
  • Abdominal closure using retention sutures for reinforcement is a conventional surgical method that has been discussed for long years in medical literature in various aspects, and is still being performed by using new and more superior materials offered by the contemporary industrial developments. (turkjsurg.com)
  • Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES). (lookformedical.com)
  • METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify literature examining anastomotic leak as the primary outcome to compare studies of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer using the double-stapling anastomosis technique with or without intraoperative anastomotic reinforcement with sutures. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 11 ] Its key features include limited direct undermining, increased lateral skin resection with high tension wound closure along lateral limbs, and 2-layer superficial fascial system (SFS) repair. (medscape.com)
  • This infectious process involves the superficial and deep fascial planes of the genitalia. (medscape.com)
  • Because Fournier gangrene is predominately an infectious process of the superficial and deep fascial planes, understanding the anatomic relationship of the skin and subcutaneous structures of the perineum and abdominal wall is important. (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 , 11 ] Modifications of this technology (including incisional internal vacuum-assisted therapy, which utilizes a partially buried sponge and closed suction drainage through a small skin opening) have been shown to expedite cavity collapse and facilitate delayed primary closure of large and/or contaminated wounds. (medscape.com)
  • When a person has an incisional hernia, abdominal organs, most commonly the small intestine or omentum (a layer of abdominal fat that coats the abdominal cavity), may protrude through this hole and create a visible lump or bulge. (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • Volume of the hernia sac in relation to the total peritoneal volume, also called "loss of domain", in order to determine whether there is enough space to reduce all herniated contents into the abdominal cavity without risk of recurrence or ventilatory restriction. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Preclinical studies exploring the biology of hernia formation have demonstrated a preponderance and persistence of type III collagen in laparotomy wounds that go on to develop hernias. (medscape.com)
  • Supporting the biological etiology of hernia formation are preclinical studies that demonstrate divergent genetic patterns displayed by laparotomy wounds that heal and those that herniate. (medscape.com)
  • The laparotomy, as tenotomy, leads to myocyte replacement with fibrotic connective tissue and disordered arrangement of sarcomere structure, manifesting as a decrease in abdominal wall compliance that predisposes the abdominal wall to further injury. (medscape.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Prophylactic mesh-augmented abdominal wall closure after urgent laparotomy in clean-contaminated wounds is safe and effective in reducing the incidence of incisional hernia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because it has a superior stretch quality, the polybutester is used as a continuous, interrupted, near-far-far-near (NFFN) and either interrupted or continuous vertical mattress suture for fascial and skin closures. (dvm360.com)
  • In these situations, incorporation of continuous dermatotraction can expedite wound reapposition by capitalizing on the viscoelastic properties of skin to induce mechanical creep. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of this study was to document our early experience with the use of mesh in abdominal wall hernia repair. (archintsurg.org)
  • In the past, the legendary Bassini technique for inguinal hernias and a myriad of suture-based methods for other abdominal wall hernias constituted the gold standard for hernia repair worldwide, but the trend has changed in the industrialized nations largely due to the discovery of the more efficient tensionless repair with prosthetic meshes. (archintsurg.org)
  • 35225488 supply of surgical consumables 1 2 stage femoral venous cannula od 2 abdominal drainage kit 10 3 abo immunoadsorption column a od 4 abo immunoadsorption column ab od 5 abo immunoadsorption column b od 6 absorbable artificial dura substitute made of pla mono fibres ( various size ) od 7 absorbable gelatin powder ( sterile ) ( such as gelfoam or similar product ) 10 8 absorbable hemostat ( oxidized regenerated cellulose ) 4 in.x 8 in. (uttarpradeshtenders.net)
  • [ 1 ] This increase has been attributed to the growing age of the population, increasing rates of obesity and diabetes, improved survival from intra-abdominal cancers, and improvements in care of the critically injured patient, yielding greater survival of patients following abdominal catastrophe. (medscape.com)
  • After the index operation, during which a large abdominal exposure is necessary for appropriate management of these pathologies, definitive closure of the abdomen may not be possible due to patient instability [ 2 , 3 ]. (jwmr.org)
  • The abdominal reapproximation anchor (ABRA, Canica Design Inc.) dynamic tissue system (DTS) allows for successful closure of the catastrophic open abdomen, largely by acting as a "faux linea alba" and can be used in conjunction with the above tools to achieve primary fascial closure. (jwmr.org)
  • it allows rapid access to the abdomen with minimal damage to nerves, vessels and abdominal wall muscles (Figure 1). (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • 12 In small animals, paramedian incisions are not routinely performed for abdominal surgery because vertical midline incisions provide rapid access to the abdomen. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • The use of skin staples saves significant amounts of surgical closure time when compared to standard suture closure. (dvm360.com)
  • STUDY DESIGN: Patients scheduled for elective midline surgery were randomly assigned to a suture closure group, onlay mesh group, or sublay mesh group. (bvsalud.org)
  • The multimodal approach included botulinum toxin A (BTA) injections to the abdominal wall flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominus), installation of an abdominal reapproximation anchor (ABRA) dynamic tissue system (DTS), and porcine urinary bladder matrix (PUBM) xenografts. (jwmr.org)
  • Botulinum toxin A (BTA) injections can be used concurrently with AbThera to relax the abdominal flat muscles. (jwmr.org)
  • This aids in myofascial closure by providing dynamic tension that gradually facilitates relaxation of the rectus myofascial units, allowing the myofascial gap (MFG), defined as distance between the medial edges of the rectus muscles, to decrease over time [ 2 , 5 , 9 ]. (jwmr.org)
  • The Spigelian hernia is an uncommon hernia at a weak spot between the oblique abdominal muscles and the rectus abdominis. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (lookformedical.com)
  • 11 However, paramedian incisions may cause irritation of the tissues included in the closure and postoperative abdominal wall pain. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To compare the early results of mass and layered closure of upper abdominal transverse incisions. (bvsalud.org)
  • The abdominal wall serves to protect the abdominal organs, maintain upright posture and support the spine, and assist in bodily functions that require generation of Valsalva, such as coughing, urination, or defecation. (medscape.com)
  • Important muscular structures that surround the abdominal organs are shown in this figure. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • The Functional Core: The Role of the Thoracopelvic Canister The Nervous System The Osseoligamentous System The Myofascial (Muscle + Fascial) System Conclusion 3. (epage.pub)
  • The P.E.L.I.O.N. trial will evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic mesh reinforcement after loop ileostomy closure in decreasing the rate of incisional hernia versus standard closure alone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 9 ] Although aponeurotic suturing in the midline was noted to be able to reduce anterior projection of the abdominal wall, it did little to reduce the diameter of the waist. (medscape.com)
  • Background: An intestinal stoma is a surgical opening of the intestine, mostly sutured to the anterior abdominal wall. (scirp.org)
  • Loss of domain often complicates attempts at delayed wound closure in regions of high tension. (medscape.com)
  • The most common pattern used is the NFFN with the far bites providing closure of the deep subcutaneous tissues and the near bites apposing the skin. (dvm360.com)
  • Rectus abdominis free tissue transfer allows for transfer of a large vascularized segment of skin and muscle from the abdominal wall to its intended recipient site. (medscape.com)
  • Abdominal and groin flaps continue to be the workhorse flaps with composite tissue loss. (jotsrr.org)
  • Because the arterial input of random pattern flaps is much less predictable, attention to proper flap design and delicate surgical technique is required to ensure surgical success. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • The quilting suture technique, in which the skin flaps are sutured to the pectoralis muscle, leads to a significant reduction of seroma with a decrease in the number of aspirations and surgical site infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prophylactic mesh augmentation in abdominal wall closure after elective surgery is recommended, but its role in emergency surgery is less well defined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Secondary endpoints will be the frequency of surgical site occurrences (including surgical site infections, wound seromas and hematomas, and enterocutaneous fistulas), postoperative pain, the number of revision surgeries and health-related quality of life. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the addition of liposuction, Matarasso in 1988 expanded the use of abdominal contour surgery to a classification based on variations in patients' anatomy, from liposuction alone to limited and full abdominoplastic surgery. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: A total of 268 patients were randomized to either mass (n=134) or layered (n=134) closure. (bvsalud.org)
  • The number needed to treat, absolute, and relative risk reduction for layered technique in reducing incisional-SSIs were 8.4 patients, 11.9%, and 66.5%, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients were randomized just before abdominal wall closure using computer-generated permuted blocks. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: From January 2015 to June 2018, 200 patients were randomized: 100 to primary closure (control group) and 100 to Parietex ProGrip™ mesh-supported closure (mesh group). (bvsalud.org)
  • In the presence of co-morbid factors that disrupt wound healing in surgical patients with gastrointestinal malignancy, retention suture can be safely used as a supplement for optimal wound care. (turkjsurg.com)
  • This was a prospective study of all adult patients with abdominal wall hernias treated with mesh implants from January 2009 to December 2015. (archintsurg.org)
  • A total of 110 patients with abdominal wall hernias had mesh implants repair. (archintsurg.org)
  • Regrettably, most hernias in Africa are voluminous, requiring mesh for tension-free repair, but these prosthetic implants are often unavailable or unaffordable for most hernia patients in our resource-limited setting. (archintsurg.org)
  • The method selected for closure, choice of suture material and the use of an optimal surgical technique are factors under the surgeon's control that may reduce the complication rate when this approach is chosen. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • The abdominal deformity is excess skin and subcutaneous tissue and laxity of the abdominal wall musculature. (medscape.com)
  • The most common cause of abdominal deformity is pregnancy, most often multiple pregnancies. (medscape.com)
  • The pathophysiology of the abdominal deformity is 2-fold. (medscape.com)
  • Pregnancy stretches the skin beyond its biomechanical capability to spring back and stretches the musculoaponeurotic structures of the abdominal wall. (medscape.com)
  • Kelly was one of the first surgeons to attempt to correct excess abdominal skin and fat. (medscape.com)
  • The ABRA DTS assisted in achieving primary fascial closures. (jwmr.org)
  • Therefore, achieving early primary fascial closure after repair of incisional hernia with LOD is very important for patient's long-term quality of life. (jwmr.org)
  • Primary abdominal hernias are hernias, that are located at certain weak spots in the abdominal wall. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Prior to using the technique of mesh closure, the hernia was closed by sewing the edges of the hole (the hernia) together. (drmatthewlublin.com)
  • Instillation of antimicrobial solution was reserved for wounds containing infected/exposed hardware or prosthetic devices. (medscape.com)
  • The resulting shift from a "tension-free repair" to a repair under "physiologic tension" has led to changes in surgical technique, with a greater preference for lighter-weight prosthetic materials and more widespread use of components separation, a procedure designed to improve abdominal wall compliance. (medscape.com)
  • At issue are 3 contributing factors: progressive marginal retraction by elastic recoil and/or loss of fascial retention, surrounding tissue edema, and soft tissue deficit from operative resection. (medscape.com)
  • Types of enterectomy are named according to the relevant bowel segment: The anatomy and surgical technique for bowel resection varies based on the location of the removed segment and whether or not the surgery is due to malignancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obstructive shock (tension pneumothorax as the etiology). (ppemedical.com)
  • Definitive closure of this class 4 wound was facilitated by the antimicrobial and accelerated wound healing properties of PUBM as well as a unique multimodal approach to achieve exemplary results in a patient with multiple complex surgical issues. (jwmr.org)
  • For wounds that are not amenable to direct approximation, combined reconstructive modalities are typically required to achieve definitive coverage. (medscape.com)
  • A variety of techniques intended to reconstruct the pelvis following radical surgery have been described [l]. (docksci.com)
  • The reestablished linea alba restores a biomechanically functional abdominal wall. (jwmr.org)
  • As the linea alba is an avascular area, it is frequently used as point of entrance for open abdominal surgery. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • [5] , [6] However, in many parts of developing nations, especially sub-Saharan Africa, the utilization of non-mesh methods to repair abdominal wall hernias remain popular, even with hernias that have multiple prognostic indicators of early treatment failure or high recurrence index. (archintsurg.org)