• Studies of viral attachment to cultured gastrointestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) using recombinant virus-like particles or infectious noroviruses indicate that specific histo-blood group antigens play a key role in the attachment of the virus to the host cells ( 13 - 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In CaCo-2 colonic epithelial cells, the expression of this gene increases with cell differentiation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The researchers established a coculture model using ex vivo blood immunocytes that were in direct contact with virus infected epithelial cells in order to assess immunocyte interactions with SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2, known to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, was used in place of primary lung epithelial cells, as these are known to be difficult to expand and manipulate. (news-medical.net)
  • Following this the researchers compared monocyte responses to epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to other viruses, including the respiratory pathogen IAV and EBOV, a hemorrhagic disease associated with strong inflammation. (news-medical.net)
  • DNMT3A expression is downregulated in intestinal epithelial cells from IBD patients and upon tumor necrosis factor treatment in murine intestinal organoids. (nature.com)
  • Genetic deletion of Dnmt3a in intestinal epithelial cells ( Dnmt3a ΔIEC ) in mice confirms the phenotype of an altered epithelial ultrastructure with shortened apical-junctional complexes, reduced Goblet cell numbers and increased intestinal permeability in the colon in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have evolved to build a complex physiological barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the underlying mucosal tissue. (nature.com)
  • In children diagnosed with IBD, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of purified intestinal epithelial cells clearly distinguishes between healthy individuals and the IBD group 8 . (nature.com)
  • De novo formation of an adherens junction (AJ) between single epithelial cells requires coordinated, spatial actin dynamics, but the mechanisms steering nascent actin polymerization for cell-cell adhesion initiation are not well understood. (rupress.org)
  • Here we investigated real-time actin assembly during daughter cell-cell adhesion formation in human breast epithelial cells in 3D environments. (rupress.org)
  • Recently, the first in vitro norovirus cell culture model was reported for a virus that infects mice ( 18 , 19 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Direct protein quantification was applied successfully to study in vitro induction in sandwich cultured primary hepatocytes in a 24-well format using the prototypical inducers rifampicin, omeprazole, and phenobarbital. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We conclude that targeted absolute LC-MS/MS quantification of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters can broaden the scope and significantly increase the impact of in vitro drug metabolism studies, such as induction, as an important supplement or future alternative to mRNA and activity data. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Common culture formats used for in vitro enzyme induction studies comprise conventional and sandwich cultures, the former referring to plated hepatocytes maintained on rigid substratum (e.g., collagen), whereas in the latter cells are "sandwiched" by an additional layer of either collagen or a composite of extracellular matrix proteins, such as Matrigel ( LeCluyse, 2001 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • In present study we characterized human brain endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3, which are widely utilized as BBB in vitro model. (helsinki.fi)
  • By conducting an in vitro CRC cell line study through the knockdown of EGFR expression, we analyzed cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. (oncotarget.com)
  • When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • The migratory and invasive phenotypes of CRC cells were evaluated by in vitro transwell assays and in vivo metastatic models. (thno.org)
  • Altogether, the present in vitro study provides insights into the effects of selected PFASs on B cells, identifying RAG1 and RAG2 expression as possible relevant targets that may play a role in the immunotoxicity of PFASs. (wur.nl)
  • We generated chimeric recombinant SARS-CoV-2 encoding the S gene of Omicron in the backbone of an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 isolate and compared this virus with the naturally circulating Omicron variant. (biorxiv.org)
  • Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. (abcam.com)
  • The characterization of BBB cells would help light on the exact mechanism of nanoparticle delivery into the brain, which would enable the design of targeted nanoparticles to deliver drugs to the CNS. (helsinki.fi)
  • Caco-2 cells with a high expression of both HER2 and FASN were selected for functional characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, C3R (100 μM) was able to suppress mRNA expression of NPC1L1 in Caco-2 cells after 24 h incubation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mRNA microarray analyses of A549, PC14, and PC14CDDP cells that were transiently transfected with either pre-miR-197 or LNA-miR-197 and their controls. (nih.gov)
  • At the same time, the level of ACE2 mRNA expression in Caco-2 significantly increased, while TMPRSS2 expression did not significantly change. (hse.ru)
  • Cells grown on porous collage-coated beads under fluid shear conditions in rotating wall vessel bioreactors differentiate into 3-D architectures resembling both the morphologic and physiologic function of in vivo tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • For the analysis of GSLs, they are extracted from tissues and cells using organic solvents. (springer.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The rate-limiting step in cutaneous wound healing, namely, the transition from inflammation to cell proliferation, depends on the high plasticity of macrophages to prevent inflammation in the wound tissues in a timely manner. (megazyme.com)
  • SARS-CoV mainly infects tissues of non-lymphatic origin, and the cytokine profile of those cells can determine the course of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A decrease in the effectiveness of insulin on target tissues consequently leads to a series of irregularities that affect both the biochemistry and physiology of the human body. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Most of them generally follow the same pathway to make immune-activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) abundantly infiltrate into tumor tissues and destroy tumor cells [ 6 ]. (thno.org)
  • We show that primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) readily uptake the nanoparticles with and without specific antibody targets. (frontiersin.org)
  • The NBD cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells was determined using fluorometric assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. (hindawi.com)
  • The assay revealed that HMGCS2 is a direct target of c-Myc, which represses HMGCS2 transcriptional activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Sequencing and alignment of this region in 11 cancer cell lines and 4 normal cell lines were also performed, followed by cloning, mutation and luciferase assay analysis. (jcancer.org)
  • The level of cell polarization in cells grown on transwell permeable supports was characterized at multiple timepoints with four different methods: transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement, lucifer yellow permeability assay, alkaline phosphatase expression and ZO-1 expression. (helsinki.fi)
  • This results in differing cytotoxic responses that are influenced by the nature of target cells, assay types and concentrations of ATZ. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the mechanism by which adenine inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells is sketchy. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the effects of adenine against the proliferation of colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • And the influence of FASN on proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells was also explored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • APJ‑suppressed fibroblasts treated with an antagonist or small interfering RNA showed myofibroblast‑like properties, including increased proliferation and migratory abilities, via accelerated phosphorylation of Sma‑ and Mad‑related protein 2/3 (Smad2/3). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. (cusabio.com)
  • On this work, both direct and indirect cell-based antioxidant users ended up founded pertaining to 29 grow Proliferation and Cytotoxicity ingredients and also One algal acquire. (mak-683inhibitor.com)
  • Breast cancer metastasis is a complex, multi-step process, with high cellular heterogeneity between primary and metastatic breast cancer, and more complex interactions between metastatic cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Delivering exogenous genetic materials encoding Notch into cells can reestablish downstream signaling and rescue cellular functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since only the enzyme isoform 2 seems to be responsive to membrane related signals ( e.g. myo-inositol), Sam2p was tagged with GFP to analyse its abundance and cellular localization under different stress conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To guage the one on one antioxidising effects, fluorescent AOP1 cellular analysis was developed, that procedures light beer distinct examples to be able to subdue intracellular toxins created by a cell-based photo-induction process. (mak-683inhibitor.com)
  • As the digestive tract obstacle will be the first cell range entered through the item, dose reply figure from Caco-2 cellular material were utilized to determine EC50 beliefs regarding 25 out from the 31 all-natural ingredients. (mak-683inhibitor.com)
  • The data showed that adenine activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling contributing to autophagic cell death through mTOR in both colon cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
  • Using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence they found that nucleocapsid protein from the virus was expressed in approximately 50% of Caco2 cells. (news-medical.net)
  • PI3K activity was thought to be the mediator of the HER2 control on FASN expression because LY294002, a known PI3K inhibitor, abrogated HER2 induced FASN protein production in the HER2 overexpressing normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These glycoproteins include the CD98 heavy chain protein of Mus musculus (gbU25708) and the orthologous 4F2 cell surface antigen heavy chain of Homo sapiens (spP08195). (tcdb.org)
  • Note: The complete sequence including tag sequence, target protein sequence and linker sequence could be provided upon request. (cusabio.com)
  • Membrane enriched extracts (40 µg lysate) of Caco-2 (Lane 1), Caco-2 treated with IFN Gamma (50 ng/mL for 24hrs) (Lane 2), A-431 (Lane 3), HEL 92.1.7 (Lane 4) and Jurkat (Lane 5). (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition, these two binding sites play different roles in the regulation of Sema4D expression in HUVEC and Caco-2 cells. (jcancer.org)
  • MODY6 is a form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset during young adulthood and a primary defect in insulin secretion. (thermofisher.com)
  • Several functional components of the epithelium contribute to this unique role, among them the secretion of a mucus layer and life-long regeneration of the different epithelial cell types from a stem cell compartment, allowing for quick repair of barrier defects 2 . (nature.com)
  • HT-29 cells showed the second-highest level of CXCL10 secretion. (bslonline.org)
  • No significantly measurable level of CXCL10 secretion was detected in HCT116 cells. (bslonline.org)
  • Of note, the TME is rich in immunosuppressive cells (e.g., tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), immature dendritic cells (iDCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)), that can suppress antitumor immunity as a result of secretion of various cytokines and chemokines, which enables tumor escape from immune surveillance [ 8 ]. (thno.org)
  • As shown in our previous study, KGM-modified SiO 2 nanoparticles (KSiNPs) effectively activate macrophages to differentiate into the M2-type phenotype by inducing mannose receptor (MR) clustering on the cell surface. (megazyme.com)
  • Human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK-293) and hPREP knockout cell line created from them by using CRISPR/Cas9-silencing were used in the experiments. (helsinki.fi)
  • Interestingly, however, SARS-CoV strongly induced the chemokines IP-10 and IL-8 in the colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2, but not in the embryonic kidney cell line 293. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemical staining of human breast cancer shows membranous immunoreactivity in tumor cells. (atlasantibodies.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that the highly differentiated 3-D cell culture model can support the natural growth of human noroviruses, whereas previous attempts that used differentiated monolayer cultures failed. (cdc.gov)
  • However, these models do not answer the fundamental questions of human norovirus attachment and entry into cells of the human gastrointestinal tract. (cdc.gov)
  • Representative models of differentiated human intestinal epithelium can be established by growing cells in 3 dimensions (3-D) on collagen-I-coated porous microcarrier beads in rotating-wall vessel (RWV) bioreactors that model the physiologic fluid-shear environment in their respective organs ( 21 - 24 ). (cdc.gov)
  • After sequencing of the human genome allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease-modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we report the use of a targeted liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for concurrent quantification of multiple cytochrome P450 (P450), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and transporter proteins in cultured primary human hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Accordingly, immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies shows that HMGCS2 is expressed mainly in differentiated cells of human colonic epithelium. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The method of MCA has been applied to human CRC skinned fibers in comparison with healthy tissue of same type and Caco-2 tumor cell line. (mitophysiology.org)
  • We quantified the control exerted by different components of the respiratory chain and the ATP synthasome complex in human CRC clinical material as compared with normal tissue and compatible cell culture Caco-2. (mitophysiology.org)
  • In this model, human tumor cells (patient derived tumors (PDX) or tumor cell lines) are transplanted, either under the skin (xenograft) or directly into the organ (orthotopic) in which the tumor originated or associated, into immunocompromised (nude or SCID) mice that do not reject human cells. (atdrik.com)
  • The expression of ELF4 in human CRC samples and CRC cell lines was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. (thno.org)
  • In the present study, we first assessed the effects of PFOA on the transcriptome of the human Namalwa B cell line using RNA seq analysis. (wur.nl)
  • The present invention provides a simple and robust human liver cell-based system in which persistent hepatitis C infection, persistent hepatitis B infection or ethanol exposure induces a clinical Prognostic Liver Signature (PLS) high-risk gene signature. (sumobrain.com)
  • Here, we investigated the cytokine response of two human non-lymphatic cell lines, Caco-2 and HEK 293, which are fully permissive for SARS-CoV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identify formin-like 2 (FMNL2) as being specifically required for actin assembly and turnover at newly formed cell-cell contacts as well as for human epithelial lumen formation. (rupress.org)
  • Since 2003, the world has been confronted with three new betacoronaviruses that cause human respiratory infections: SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), MERS-CoV, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and SARS-CoV-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). (hse.ru)
  • Because humans are the primary subject of interest for regulatory safety testing, it is advantageous to have human reference data available for evaluation of NAMs for assessing chemical safety. (nih.gov)
  • Once a target is identified, researchers use various methods to screen large libraries of chemical compounds to identify potential drug candidates that can interact with the target. (medicpresents.com)
  • Immunofluorescence staining of CACO-2 cells using the Anti-OCLN monoclonal antibody, showing specific staining in cell junctions in green. (atlasantibodies.com)
  • COLO 320 cells were subjected to SDS PAGE followed by western blot with 14437-1-AP (TMPRSS2 antibody) at dilution of 1:1000 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptglab.com)
  • Reported immunotoxic effects of PFASs include decreased antibody responses in experimental animals and humans, indicating that PFASs may, among others, affect B cell function. (wur.nl)
  • After incubation with the primary antibody and washing, slides can be incubated with biotinylated rabbit anti-mouse antibody and streptavidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Based on these findings, we propose that ketogenesis is an undesirable metabolic characteristic of the proliferating cell, which is down-regulated through c-Myc-mediated repression of the key metabolic gene HMGCS2 . (aacrjournals.org)
  • Once Notch is activated, the NICD is cleaved by γ-secretase and translocated into the nucleus ( Figures 1B,C ). Here, the NICD binds directly to the DNA, physically moving corepressors and histones, recruiting coactivators, and activating gene transcription ( 2 , 4 , 6 ) ( Figure 1D ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The mutational inactivation of the TP53 gene in tumor cells has been reported to affect not only tumor cells but also the surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment and to promote tumor-stromal activation and subsequent tumor growth ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Identification of PARD3 signature on PARD3 deficient H157 cell line, reconstituting the expression of PARD3 gene, with a wt and a mutant form. (nih.gov)
  • MCA helps to understand how the control is shared between the enzymes and transporters of the pathway and to identify the steps that could be modified to achieve a successful alteration of flux or metabolite concentration in pathways, and to inhibit cancer cells energy metabolism in selective manner. (mitophysiology.org)
  • Viruses, on the other hand, have evolved various mechanisms to counteract the host's cytokine response [ 3 ], and their ability to induce or inhibit cytokine production in infected cells has direct consequences for the balance between host defense and virus propagation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is of interest to explore the inhibitory effect of adenine on the growth of colorectal cancer cells and to determine the underlying mechanism. (hindawi.com)
  • We explored the possible mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of adenine in colorectal cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • A downregulation of FASN effectively inhibits the activity of "HER2-PI3K/Akt axis" and alters the malignant phenotype in colorectal cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, in this study, we analyzed the potential link between FASN and the activity of "HER2-PI3K/Akt axis" in colorectal cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Luciferase assays showed that T471C and C862T could significantly increase the expression efficiency of downstream target genes. (jcancer.org)
  • In this study, the authors used DNA microarray to compare and identify genes induced by HER2 in mammary epithelial cell line with ectopic HER2 overexpression and breast cancer cell lines derived from patients with different level of HER2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of these genes were significantly up-regulated when the cells were grown in mannan-containing media where the induction level of gh5-7 was the highest. (megazyme.com)
  • Overexpression of ELF4 boosted CRC metastasis via transactivating its downstream target genes, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, SRC . (thno.org)
  • Interestingly, PFOA decreased the expression of RAG1 and RAG2, genes involved in immunoglobulin and T cell receptor V(D)J recombination. (wur.nl)
  • In differentiated Caco-2 cells KDOAM-25 did not affect the expression of BRCA1 , CDH1 , TP53 , SNAI1 , VIM , and UGCG genes, for which an association with knockdown or overexpression of KDM5 demethylases or the action of demethylase inhibitors had previously been shown. (hse.ru)
  • Several genes isolated from resistant enterococci ( agg, gelE, ace, cylLLS, esp, cpd, fsrB ) encode virulence factors such as the production of gelatinase and hemolysin, adherence to caco-2 and hep-2 cells, and capacity for biofilm formation. (medscape.com)
  • CD14+ monocytes and B cells often show perturbed transcriptomes in COVID-19 patients, so the analysis was focused on these cells. (news-medical.net)
  • The change in Caco-2 cells was extremely mild in comparison, showing none of the effects the monocytes suffered from. (news-medical.net)
  • They found that downregulation of LPS in monocytes was common to both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV infections, but upregulation of the response was only found in SARS-CoV-2. (news-medical.net)
  • Profiling of monocytes in cocultures with Caco-2 cells infected with IAV revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 down signature was the most marked at an intermediate range, but the up signature could not be seen. (news-medical.net)
  • EBOV monocytes showed largely the same results as IAV when compared to SARS-CoV-2. (news-medical.net)
  • The Omicron S-bearing virus robustly escapes vaccine-induced humoral immunity, mainly due to mutations in the receptor-binding motif (RBM), yet unlike naturally occurring Omicron, efficiently replicates in cell lines and primary-like distal lung cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Recently, adenine has been explored for its anticancer property in several types of cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • There were three nucleotide variants (T471C/A600G/C862T) frequently detected in cancer cell lines. (jcancer.org)
  • Established cancer cell lines are widely used for developing biomarkers for the patient-specific treatment of colorectal cancer and predicting prognoses. (bslonline.org)
  • However, cancer cell lines may exhibit different drug responses depending upon the characteristics of the cell line. (bslonline.org)
  • Cancer model available include cell lines of interest, xenograft, orthotopic and PDX studies. (atdrik.com)
  • Cytopathic effect and norovirus RNA were detected at each of the 5 cell passages for genogroup I and II viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Epithelial infection levels differed between three different viruses, but all induced sizable numbers of DEGs, IAV and EBOV ~50% more than SARS-CoV-2. (news-medical.net)
  • For most viruses, the initial encounter with the host takes place in cells of non-lymphatic origin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We studied the effect of KDM5 family demethylase inhibitors (JIB-04, PBIT, and KDOAM-25) on the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses into differentiated Caco-2 cells and HEK293T cells with ACE2 hyperexpression. (hse.ru)
  • Adenine significantly inhibited the viability of colon cancer cells, HT29 and Caco-2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. (hindawi.com)
  • APJ expression in fibroblasts co‑cultured with p53‑suppressed colon cancer cells (HCT116 sh p53 cells) was significantly lower than in control colon cancer cells (HCT116 sh control cells). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Only KDOAM-25 significantly reduced viral entry into cells. (hse.ru)
  • However, BRCA1 , SNAI1 , VIM , and CDH1 expression was significantly increased in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells under the action of KDOAM-25. (hse.ru)
  • In addition, C3R inhibited the formation of cholesterol micelles and bound to primary and secondary bile acid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the laboratory, enterococci are distinguished by their morphologic appearance on Gram stain and culture (gram-positive cocci that grow in chains) and their ability to (1) hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile, (2) their growth in 6.5% sodium chloride, (3) their hydrolysis of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and leucine aminopeptidase, and (4) their reaction with group D antiserum. (medscape.com)
  • In this work, we analyze expression patterns of DNMT3A in patients with IBD, perform loss of function experiments using Caco-2 cell line and generate a conditional Dnmt3a ΔIEC mouse line. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, it is necessary to select a tumor cell line suitable for the purpose of the study by considering the cell characteristics. (bslonline.org)
  • Adenine induced significant apoptosis in HT29 cells, whereas Caco-2 cells exhibited less apoptotic responses. (hindawi.com)
  • Inhibition of cell viability was assessed with focus on apoptosis transcriptionally and translationally. (hindawi.com)
  • ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. (frontiersin.org)
  • The migration was investigated by the transwell, and the apoptosis and cell cycle were assayed by the flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High-resolution single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology can visualize the heterogeneity of malignant and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment in real time, especially combined with spatial transcriptome analysis, which can directly compare changes between different stages of metastatic samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • A transcriptome analysis of HER2 in breast cancer cells has revealed a molecular connection between FASN and HER2 through the PI3K/Akt pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of adenine and the underlying mechanism in colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Our findings suggest that adenine inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Anticancer activity of adenine in colon cancer cells is attributable to the activation of apoptotic signaling and in turn the AMPK/mTOR pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • This study investigated the levels of CXCL10, which were recently been reported to play an important role in the outcome of tumor treatment, secreted by colon cancer cells. (bslonline.org)
  • Regulation of arteriovenous specification and differentiation in both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells are also involved in Notch signaling including regulation of blood vessel sprouting, branching during normal and pathological angiogenesis, and the physiological responses of vascular smooth muscle cells ( 4 , 6 , 7 , 21 - 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) belongs to the semaphorin family, which binds to receptors such as Pleixn-B1 (transmembrane structure receptor), CD72 (cluster of differentiation antigen 72, mainly expresses on lymphocyte cells), then activates downstream signaling molecules. (jcancer.org)
  • Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. (cusabio.com)
  • In PAE cells, soluble Sema4D promoted cell migration and developed a "tubulogenic" phenotype ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)
  • Furthermore, studies have shown HIF-mediated Sema4D induction in the generation of the pro-angiogenic phenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and have determined its biological significance for tumor growth and vascularity ( 10 ). (jcancer.org)
  • However it remains unknown which endocytic pathways are active in brain endothelial cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • As brain endothelial cells are polarized in vivo, the aim of the study was to demonstrate the cell polarization of hCMEC/D3 cells and to study the activity and functionality of different endocytic pathways as a function of cell polarization. (helsinki.fi)
  • Later, small molecules were synthesized to specifically target a known physiological/pathological pathway, avoiding the mass screening of banks of stored compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notch signaling is highly conserved cell signaling pathway, which is involved in diverse embryonic organs or tissue development as well as regeneration ( 1 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Autophagy is a pathway for cells to degrade intracellular components that are no longer needed or are detrimental for the cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • Induction of autophagy in the latter pathway is dependent on the interaction of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1. (helsinki.fi)
  • To characterize hCMEC/D3 cells for the presence of specific endocytic pathways, proteins involved into each pathway were selected. (helsinki.fi)
  • Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) has been proven to be one of the hypoxia effectors regulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in multiple cells, and play a role in angiogenesis like VEGF. (jcancer.org)
  • As a result, intestinal-pulmonary microecological balance could become a new target for the treatment of lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the kinds of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of the total number of lung cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The RNA sequencing was used to explore the downstream targets of ELF4. (thno.org)
  • Therefore, this study takes single-cell analysis as the first perspective to deeply explore special or rare cell subpopulations related to breast cancer metastasis, systematically summarizes their functions, molecular features, and corresponding treatment strategies, which will contribute to accurately identify, understand, and target tumor metastasis-related driving events, provide a research basis for the mechanistic study of breast cancer metastasis, and provide new clues for its personalized precision treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adenine has been suggested to induce cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, leading to cell death [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The site variation rates of T471C/A600G/C862T were 72.7%, 18.2%, and 72.7% in cancer cells respectively. (jcancer.org)
  • Hypoxia is the most common characteristic in the microenvironment of solid tumors because tumor progression and metastasis depend on the ability of cancer cells to initiate angiogenesis and ensure the delivery of oxygen and nutrients ( 11 , 12 ). (jcancer.org)
  • However, in cancer cells and pre-neoplastic lesions, FASN expression has been frequently found to be upregulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been shown that the growth factors, hormones and activation of their receptors increased FASN transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To study the problem of the energy metabolism control in cancer cells, Moreno-Sanchez and Westerhoff´s groups have applied the Metabolic Control Analysis (MCA) with the conclusion that the role of OXPHOS in tumor cells should be re-evaluated and experimentally determined for each particular type of tumor cell [1]. (mitophysiology.org)
  • 2 × 10 5 cells/mL of each colorectal cancer cell was seeded into a 35 mm cell culture dish. (bslonline.org)
  • TP53‑deficiency in cancer cells is associated with robust stromal activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The role of exosomes collected by ultracentrifugation were also analyzed as mediators of p53 expression in cancer cells and APJ expression in fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNA 5703 enriched in exosomes derived from HCT116 sh p53 cells inhibited APJ expression, and inhibition of miR‑5703 diminished APJ suppression in fibroblasts caused by cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • APJ suppression from a specific microRNA in cancer cell‑derived exosomes induced CAF‑like properties in fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Various genetic abnormalities such as wingless and int-1 (Wnt) signaling, tissue growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling, or TP53 signaling have been known in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The tumor microenvironment consists of various cell types and fibroblasts in the tumor tissue, called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which play pivotal role in tumor progression ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The inflammatory and immune response severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can induce can prove deadly, and researchers from Harvard Medical School have been investigating how much of this response is specific to SARS-CoV-2. (news-medical.net)
  • Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells. (cusabio.com)
  • 20 ) reported production of Norwalk virus particles (norovirus GI.1, the prototype strain of this genera from Norwalk, Ohio) after transinfection of cultured kidney cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Caco-2 cells were transfected with either the FASN specific RNAi plasmid or the negative control RNAi plasmid, followed by the RT-qPCR and western blot to examine the expression of FASN, HER2, PI3K and Akt. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) upregulated ELF4 expression through the ERK1/2/SP1 axis. (thno.org)
  • Notch receptors are processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus within the signal-receiving cell, through cleavage and glycosylation, generating a Ca 2+ -stabilized heterodimer composed of NECD non-covalently attached to the transmembrane NICD inserted in the membrane called S1 cleavage. (frontiersin.org)
  • To investigate which viral proteins could be involved in the SARS-CoV-2 specific response, Caco-2 cells were transfected with a panel of plasmids encoding for likely candidates. (news-medical.net)
  • Since rate of autophagy in cells was not detected, it is impossible to determine, if there were changes in autophagy that were not reflected as changes in colocalization of these two proteins. (helsinki.fi)
  • Some animal proteins, for example, those in the LAT family (TC# 2.A.3.8) including ASUR4 (gbY12716) and SPRM1 (gbL25068) associate with a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that is essential for insertion or activity of the permease and forms a disulfide bridge with it. (tcdb.org)
  • The drug discovery process begins with target identification, where scientists try to identify specific proteins or other molecules that are involved in a particular disease or medical condition. (medicpresents.com)
  • IL-2 and IFN-γ), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies), and adoptive T-cell transfer (e.g., chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy) [ 3 - 5 ]. (thno.org)
  • More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, substances, whether crude extracts or purified chemicals, were screened for biological activity without knowledge of the biological target. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recently identified, globally predominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1) is highly transmissible, even in fully vaccinated individuals, and causes attenuated disease compared with other major viral variants recognized to date 1 - 7 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Our data indicate that SARS-CoV suppresses the antiviral cytokine system of non-immune cells to a large extent, thus buying time for dissemination in the host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The outcome of this primary infection can determine the course of disease, and the cytokine response of the infected cell plays a vital part. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After immunofluorescence staining, cells were analysed with confocal microscope and colocation analysis of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 was performed. (helsinki.fi)
  • consumption were measured in medium-B supplemented with 5 mM glutamate, 2 mM malate and 10 mM succinate as respiratory substrates by a high-resolution respirometer (Oxygraph-2k, Oroboros Instruments, Austria). (mitophysiology.org)
  • consumption by permeabilized tissue fibers derived from CRC patients when all components of OXPHOS system were titrated with specific inhibitors to stepwise decrease of a selected respiratory complex activity in the presence of 2 mM ADP. (mitophysiology.org)
  • The control of mitochondrial respiration was distributed across several mitochondrial processes: FCC for complex II (CII) was found to be high for CRC and healthy colon tissue, as well as in the case of Caco-2 cell culture (where the respiratory chain is controlled also by CIV) (Fig. 1). (mitophysiology.org)
  • Two experiments were performed on regular HEK-cells: inhibitor experiment with KYP-2047 (1 or 10 µM) and overexpression experiment (transfection with either active or inactive hPREP plasmid). (helsinki.fi)
  • However, there were no significant differences in colocalization of Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 in any of the experiments but it was nearly 100 percent in all treatments. (helsinki.fi)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • Most SARS-CoV-2 infections are mild or even asymptomatic. (mdpi.com)
  • The intestine is the primary colonisation site for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and serves as a reservoir of CRE that cause invasive infections (e.g. bloodstream infections). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Recent studies have shown that adenine attenuates allergic responses [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Immunotherapy is currently considered as a promising next-generation therapeutic strategy for various cancers thanks to its ability to modulate cell-specific immune responses toward tumors [ 1 ], which has gradually remodeled the landscape of clinical anticancer modality [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
  • Based on previous studies, PREP-inhibition seems to increase the amount of Beclin 1 and to affect the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1, leading to dissociation of the complex. (helsinki.fi)
  • Hypothesis was to see differences in colocalization of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 in cells treated with different PREP-modifications and for PREP-inhibition to decrease the colocalization. (helsinki.fi)
  • Currently, the inhibition of dietary fat digestion and absorption from the small intestine is an attractive target for the management of hyperlipidemia [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)