Target tumor suppressor proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

This protein interacts with other proteins and genes to initiate the formation of autophagosomes, an essential component of autophagy. (wikipedia.org)
This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)
p53 is up-regulated in response to stress signals and stimulated to activate transcription of specific genes, resulting in expression of p21waf1 and other proteins involved in G1 or G2/M arrest. (thermofisher.com)
p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, and more than half of cancer patients carry mutations in the p53 gene. (medicaltrend.org)
What is interesting is that although these mice showed activation of p53 (for example, the up-regulation of p53 target genes was observed in different tissues), the content of p53 protein did not increase significantly. (medicaltrend.org)
This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
DBC1 functions as a coactivator for AR-V7 and is required for the expression of AR-V7 target genes including CDH2, a mesenchymal marker linked to CRPC progression. (cancerindex.org)
This week in Nature Genetics , two studies report recurrent mutations in splicing-related genes in blood tumors. (massgenomics.org)
Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)
The p53 tumor-suppressor protein induces apoptosis through transcriptional activation of several genes including p53R2, p53AIP1, and PUMA. (thermofisher.com)
Our results indicate that canonical WNT signaling can collaborate with or antagonize the AP-1 transcription factor to fine-tune the expression of shared target genes in the colorectal epithelium. (duke.edu)
These VHL alterations lead to a predisposition to a somatic second hit, causing of a variety of tumors and fluid filled cysts, sporadic tumors, such as cerebellar hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, familial erythrocytosis type two, that result in increased expression of HIF target genes. (standardofcare.com)
The VHL syndrome, generally caused by hereditary allele inactivation plus a tissue somatic mutation, is characterized by the occurrence of malignancies and increased expression of oncogenic genes, including VEGF, that allow tumor development and progression. (standardofcare.com)
This heterodimer of HIF activates genes that encode for proteins such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin, proteins that are both involved in angiogenesis. (standardofcare.com)
In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
SNPs in 6 miRNA processing genes and in 78 miRNAs which target genes known to be important in breast cancer among 906 African American (AA) and 653 European American (EA) cases and Author Manuscript controls enrolled in the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). (cdc.gov)
Genetic predisposition, which might lead to either activation of oncogenes or inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, are risk factors of colon cancer development. (lu.se)
In conclusion, these findings provide important information for better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the tumor suppressor genes in colon cancer and might help to identify new therapeutic targets for colon cancer patients. (lu.se)

Here we demonstrate a critical role for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor gene product pVHL in HIF-1 regulation. (ncl.ac.uk)
William Kaelin, Jr. was in 1995 engaged in the study of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, and after isolation of the first full-length clone of the gene showed that it could suppress tumor growth in VHL mutant tumorigenic cell lines. (nobelprize.org)
The Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor also known as pVHL is a protein that, is encoded by the VHL gene. (standardofcare.com)

Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor protein are among the most frequent genetic alterations found in cancer. (europa.eu)
With inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis, mutations in the CFTR gene produce a protein that remains functional but is subject to excessive ubiquitination, leading to its rapid degradation via the proteasome. (businesswire.com)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
We describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in GIST and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
However, prospective identification of targets in the clinic will not only illuminate their clinical significance, but will also further accelerate drug development-witness the way in which the introduction of gefitinib (Iressa) for lung cancer was followed in less than a decade by the identification of driver mutations, new targeted drugs, and the universal adoption of molecular profiling for treatment selection. (cancernetwork.com)
Mutations in the PTEN gene prevent the PTEN protein from regulating cell proliferation effectively, leading to uncontrolled cell division and the formation of hamartomas and cancerous tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
In VHL disease, genetic mutations cause alterations to the pVHL protein, usually to the HIF1α binding site. (standardofcare.com)

It is known to suppress tumors and plays a role in mitophagy and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular metabolism are regulated through the interactions between AMBRA1 and other proteins. (wikipedia.org)
AMBRA1 is clinically significant due to the importance of this protein in cellular processes such as apoptosis and cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC seine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic target owing to its frequent dysregulation in HCC and the critical functions it has in regulating cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis through phosphorylation of distinct protein substrates ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
p53 can activate a variety of signaling pathways to inhibit tumors, such as cell cycle arrest, cell senescence, apoptosis or iron death. (medicaltrend.org)
The p53 tumor suppressor protein has well-established roles in monitoring numerous forms of stress alerts by activating particular transcriptional targets that management cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, though some actions are additionally mediated in a transcription-independent method. (ncbcs.org)
The encoded protein may also be involved in regulating the O6-methylguanine-induced apoptosis signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
Stabilization of MAPO1 by specific binding with folliculin and AMP-activated protein kinase in O⁶-methylguanine-induced apoptosis. (nih.gov)

In mouse hepatocytes, p38γ induces proliferation after partial hepatectomy by promoting the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein at known CDK target residues. (nature.com)
Phosphorylation of Ser392 in p53 has been shown to associate with the formation of human tumors. (thermofisher.com)
Structural and biochemical data revealed that binding of phosphorylated p27 (phosp27) to CDK4 altered the kinase adenosine triphosphate site to promote phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and other substrates. (rcsb.org)
Dixon is an internationally recognized scientist in the field of reversible phosphorylation - a biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound and, in the context of cells, serves as a fundamental master control switch by which proteins and their functions can be altered after they have formed. (ucsd.edu)
Overexpression of DAB2IP's rat homolog DIP, but not its mutant defective in Ras GTPase activating protein activity, reverses miR431 's effect on promoting invasion, Erk phosphorylation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of PNETs. (quanterix.com)
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can regulate the function of proteins, determine the active state and subcellular location of proteins, and dynamically interact with other proteins related to carcinogenesis and progression ( 17 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
M2.2 protein interferes with MAVS and inhibits IRF7 phosphorylation. (cdc.gov)

We use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography techniques to structurally characterize protein-protein interactions (PPI) and to develop small-molecule inhibitors for these PPIs. (europa.eu)
Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)
The therapeutic value of augmenting protein stabilization has also been demonstrated with proteasome inhibitors. (businesswire.com)
In these studies, proteasome inhibitors were able to increase levels of deficient proteins across a range of targets and organ systems. (businesswire.com)
However, because proteasome inhibitors globally inhibit protein degradation in a non-specific manner, their use outside of oncology is limited by poor tolerability, highlighting the need for targeted approaches. (businesswire.com)
Targeted cancer therapies, which act on specific cancer-associated molecular targets, are predominantly inhibitors of oncogenic kinases. (mssm.edu)
Cdk enzymatic activity is tightly controlled through cyclin interactions, posttranslational modifications, and binding of inhibitors such as the p27 tumor suppressor protein. (escholarship.org)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Targeted disruption of TP53 in the mouse leads to the development of various tumors (see image below). (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

The traditional theory is that when cells are stimulated, the binding of MDM2 and p53 will be destroyed, leading to the accumulation of p53 protein, which affects downstream gene expression and enables cells to respond to the stimulus. (medicaltrend.org)
Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. (kegg.jp)

In children and adolescents, salivary gland tumors make up 0.5% of all malignancies. (medscape.com)
Almost half of all submandibular gland neoplasms and most sublingual and minor salivary gland tumors are malignant. (medscape.com)
Successful diagnosis and treatment of patients with salivary gland tumors require a thorough understanding of tumor etiology, biologic behavior of each tumor type, and salivary gland anatomy. (medscape.com)
An estimated 700 deaths (0.4 per 100,000 for males and 0.2 per 100,000 for females) related to salivary gland tumors occur annually. (medscape.com)

It binds the 3′ AG splice acceptor dinucleotide of the pre-mRNA target intron, and forms a heterodimer with U2AF2 , which binds the adjacent polypyrimidine tract. (massgenomics.org)
The tumor suppressor protein APC forms the core of a cytoplasmic complex which binds ß-catenin and targets it for degradation in the proteasome. (hubrecht.eu)
This gene encodes a protein that binds to the tumor suppressor folliculin and to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and may play a role cellular metabolism and nutrient sensing by regulating the AMPK-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
p53 is regulated by human double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets and binds to p53 promoting ubiquitination and degradation of the protein [6,7]. (nanoker-society.org)
Nonetheless, MDM2 is in turn regulated by ribosomal proteins (RPs) that binds and suppress the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity resulting in the stabilization and activation of p53 [9]. (nanoker-society.org)

One such study found an apparent association between the level of expression of transformation related protein 53 ( TRP53 ) mRNA and the normality of embryo morphology [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This leads to cyclin-D degradation where AMBRA1 suppresses tumors, prevents their growth, and promotes genetic integrity. (wikipedia.org)
D-type cyclins activate CDK4 and CDK6 and AMBRA1 protein targets these cyclins for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
AMBRA1 also interacts with the protein phosphatase 2A (PPP2CA) and this promotes MYC dephosphorylation and degradation. (wikipedia.org)
p38γ and δ promote heart hypertrophy by targeting the mTOR-inhibitory protein DEPTOR for degradation. (nature.com)
Excess ubiquitination is also a feature of cancer, where E3 ubiquitin ligases - enzymes that add ubiquitin to proteins - are frequently upregulated or amplified, driving the degradation of tumor suppressor proteins. (businesswire.com)
Protein stabilization can be thought of as the inverse of protein degradation. (businesswire.com)
Similarly, for p53 to function as a tumor suppressor gene, it also needs to get rid of MDM2-mediated degradation, so as to stabilize the p53 protein to function. (medicaltrend.org)
pVHL forms a ubiquitin ligase that targets the alpha subunits of the HIF transcription factor for proteasomal degradation provided they are prolyl hydroxylated by the oxygen-sensitive EglN (also called PHD) 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent dioxygenases. (aspet.org)
ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. (kegg.jp)
The process of the degradation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that mainly regulate oxygen and iron dependent activity of enzymes require DHL tumor suppressor. (standardofcare.com)
The main action of the VHL protein is ubiquitin ligase activity resulting in protein degradation. (standardofcare.com)

This may include oncomir (oncogenic miRNA) inhibition, or tumor suppressor-miRNA replacement therapies [ 6 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
The study suggests the possibility of MDM2 protein was downregulated and its suppression subsequently activates the expression of p53 during inhibition of UCK2 enzyme. (nanoker-society.org)

One difference from PTEN compared to other know Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPs) is the location of two Lys residues in the center of the Walker Loop. (proteopedia.org)
PTEN is a dual phosphatase and tumor suppressor protein that interacts with LKB-1. (proteopedia.org)
PTEN works with tumor suppressing for cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer. (proteopedia.org)
PTEN's relevance is that without the PTEN suppressing tumors, you would have a higher increased odds of having multiple cancers, including but not limited to Breast and Prostate cancer. (proteopedia.org)
Crystal Structure of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor: Implications for Its Phosphoinositide Phosphatase Activity and Membrane Association. (proteopedia.org)
Mouse anti PTEN tumour suppressor antibody, clone A2b1, is specific for PTEN, a tumour suppressor protein located on the human chromosome 10 that is often mutated in various types of advanced cancers. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
PTEN exhibits protein phosphatase activity and can suppress the growth of glioma cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Dixon's interest in phosphatases eventually led to analysis of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN, which shares sequence identity (the degree of similarity between two or more nucleotide sequences) with PTPases. (ucsd.edu)
Based on these similarities, researchers have proposed that Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome represent a spectrum of overlapping features known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (named for the genetic cause of the conditions) instead of two distinct conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
Like the protein produced from the PTEN gene, killin probably acts as a tumor suppressor. (medlineplus.gov)

Furthermore, biopsies of human hepatocellular carcinoma show high expression of p38γ, suggesting that p38γ could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of this disease. (nature.com)
Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic targets to improve and develop treatment strategies for HCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
The mechanism is now recognized as a widely used strategy for pathogenic bacteria to disarm host immune systems and thus a therapeutic target. (ucsd.edu)
Targeted therapy" is becoming the centerpiece of current therapeutic strategies, and is often mentioned as the desirable direction for future progress. (cancernetwork.com)
In fact, we shall focus on integrating emerging treatments with therapeutic strategies that include both the older endocrine therapies (the "original targeted therapies") against breast and prostate cancers, and the empirically-derived successful chemotherapies, such as platinums, that are used in gynecologic cancers. (cancernetwork.com)
Here, we have demonstrated that activation of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a negative regulator of multiple oncogenic signaling proteins, is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancers. (mssm.edu)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are principal drivers of cell division and are an important therapeutic target to inhibit aberrant proliferation. (escholarship.org)
I investigated the underlying mechanisms/signaling triggered by these tumor suppressors in colon cancer cells and whether the re-expression of these tumor suppressors could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for treatment of colon cancer patients. (lu.se)
B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)

Editorial: Albini A, Pfeffer U. A New Tumor Suppressor Gene: Invasion, Metastasis, and Angiogenesis as Potential Key Targets. (eurekalert.org)
They have complementary mechanisms to hinder the carcinogenic process by searching free radicals, inhibiting survival and multiplication of malignant cells, as well as reducing invasiveness and angiogenesis of tumors. (researchsquare.com)
The most studied target of VHL is hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF1a), a transcription factor that induces the expression of a number of angiogenesis related factors. (standardofcare.com)

Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
The most frequent tumor suppressor miRs were miR-126, miR-199b and miR-22 and the hypoexpression of these miRs was associated with distant metastasis, worse prognosis and a higher risk of disease relapse (worse disease-free survival). (biorxiv.org)
Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, HLJ1 expression was lower in tumor tissue than normal tissue in 55 of the 71 patients studied, and patients with high HLJ1 expressing tumors had reduced cancer recurrence and lived longer than those with low expressing tumors. (eurekalert.org)
Some cases progress, however, and most patients experience recurrence at least once in the follow-up period, creating the need for accurate tumor surveillance. (medscape.com)

The principal objective of our broad, translational research is to determine structural attributes and to develop small-molecule compounds for new, emerging, cancer-related protein-protein interactions in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) conjugation pathways. (europa.eu)
[ 3 ] In an attempt to improve outcomes in HNSCC, most research in the field is now focusing on the molecular biology of HNSCC in an attempt to target select pathways involved in carcinogenesis. (medscape.com)
Sensitization of cancer cells to conventional drugs using multi-target agents that block survival and oncogenic pathways, alone or in combination, is an emerging strategy to overcome drug resistance. (researchsquare.com)

The UPS and UBL proteins studied by us are: the oncogenic E3 ligase Mdm2, which regulates levels of p53, the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) USP2a, and the UBL protein Hub1, which has been recently shown to control alternative splicing by non-covalent binding to the Snu66 spliceosomal protein. (europa.eu)

The biological role and underlying mechanism of action of zinc-finger protein 326 (ZNF326) in malignant tumors, including breast cancer, are still not clear. (cancerindex.org)
[ 4 , 5 ] ) Benign neoplasms occur more frequently in women than in men, but malignant tumors are distributed equally between the sexes. (medscape.com)

Definition of Genetic Events Directing the Development of Distinct Types of Brain Tumors from Postnatal Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. (lu.se)

Targeted molecular therapy against EGFR has shown promise as an adjuvant therapy in preliminary studies in several solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. (medscape.com)
Why and how it is replacing past approaches in the management of solid tumors is the subject of this two-part overview. (cancernetwork.com)
The situation with solid tumors is considerably more complex, and the evolution of targeted therapies for these cancers is still in its infancy. (cancernetwork.com)
At present, and for some years to come, the treatment of most solid tumors will continue to rely on a patchwork of empirically derived and newly introduced molecularly targeted agents. (cancernetwork.com)

For example, a Nature article in Gu Wei's laboratory in 2016 found that the SET protein can selectively bind to the unacetylated C-terminal domain of p53 and inhibit the transcriptional activation function of p53. (medicaltrend.org)

The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin protein complex 1 . (nature.com)

Lundberg, A. S. & Weinberg, R. A. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

He believed that the activation of p53 is not only due to the stability of its protein (increased protein level), but also due to the elimination of various negative regulatory binding proteins. (medicaltrend.org)
This indicates that the activation of p53 does not depend on the increase in the level of p53 protein, but as long as the inhibitory effect of transcription repressor protein is released. (medicaltrend.org)
To look at how astrocyte activation is regulated at completely different phases of relapsing-remitting EAE, we carried out an immunofluorescent evaluation of the spinal wire utilizing the anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) monoclonal antibody GA-5. (ncbcs.org)
Moreover, both proteins were induced as keratinocytes were driven to leave the stem cell compartment by c-Myc activation. (bvsalud.org)
IFN signaling: 3C protease inhibits activation of antiviral protein complexes. (cdc.gov)
NP and M2 protein interfere with PKR activation. (cdc.gov)

Mutants of p53 that frequently occur in a number of different human cancers fail to bind the consensus DNA binding site, and cause the loss of tumor suppressor activity. (thermofisher.com)
It contains a 5' CpG island that may be a frequent target of hypermethylation, and it may undergo hypermethylation-based silencing in some bladder cancers. (cancerindex.org)
For each cancer discussed in the first part of our overview, as well as in Part II, which will deal with more common cancers, we briefly cover the tumor biology, how targeting was achieved, the introduction of immune modulation or immune-conjugates, and the impact these therapies are having in the disease. (cancernetwork.com)
Cowden syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by multiple noncancerous, tumor-like growths called hamartomas and an increased risk of developing certain cancers. (medlineplus.gov)
Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
Lynch syndrome (LS) affects approximately 1 in 400 individuals and predisposes to multiple cancers including colorectal, endometrial, gastric, small bowel, cholangiocarinoma and other tumors. (cdc.gov)

A new p53 target gene, Noxa, was recently identified, which encodes a protein belonging to the subfamily of BH3-only proapoptic proteins. (thermofisher.com)
This gene has a closely related paralog that encodes a protein with similar binding activities. (nih.gov)
This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)

The new probe could prove to be a breakthrough in whole-body imaging -- allowing doctors, for example, to noninvasively monitor the growth of tumors in order to assess the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. (sciencedaily.com)
Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
Targeted molecular therapy can also act as a complement to other existing cancer therapies. (medscape.com)
It is gratifying to see the work on precise stabilization of proteins now being translated into new therapies," said Dr. Colecraft. (businesswire.com)

Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells, whereas tumor suppressor protein p53 impedes proliferation of cells with genomic damage. (nih.gov)
Ionizing radiation together with ERalpha knock down results in additive effect on transcription of endogenous p53-target gene p21 (CDKN1) in human breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
AMBRA1 (activating molecule in Beclin1-regulated autophagy) is a protein that is able to regulate cancer cells through autophagy. (wikipedia.org)
With this in mind, the multidisciplinary EU-funded 'Mutant p53 as target for improved cancer treatment' (MUTP53) consortium aimed to explore the role of mutant p53 in cancer. (europa.eu)
The tumour suppressor p53 protein, ""the guardian of the genome"", has an overarching role in protecting the organism from cancer. (europa.eu)
The goal of specific molecular targets in cancer therapy is to create a "magic bullet" that selectively kills cancer cells. (medscape.com)
As our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC continues to develop, we can target the specific components of cancer cells that are not found in normal cells. (medscape.com)
Ideal targets should be both specific to cancer cells and commonly found in cancer cells. (medscape.com)
Jeremy J.W. Chen, Ph.D., of National Chung-Hsing University, Pan-Chyr Yang, M.D., Ph.D., of National Taiwan University in Taiwan, and colleagues increased or blocked the expression of HLJ1 in lung carcinoma cells in the lab and examined the gene's expression in tumor and surrounding tissue cells of 71 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. (eurekalert.org)
page 42) paves the way for structure- based drug discovery to target the tumour suppressor p53 protein for potential cancer therapy. (esrf.fr)
In this study, potential leads from the phytochemicals of Ficus hispida fruit were screened using in silico tools against androgen receptor (AR), a known target for prostate cancer. (researchgate.net)
Methylation stops the release of tumor-suppressor proteins, making it easier for cancer cells to multiply. (jhu.edu)
Early findings show that the test could detect 50 or fewer target DNA strands in sputum samples from lung cancer patients. (jhu.edu)
Recent studies reported microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early cancer detection, accurate prognosis, and molecular targets for future treatment. (hindawi.com)
He will describe their recent efforts to identify new cancer targets based on synthetic lethality and to find protein degraders for "undruggable" oncoproteins. (aspet.org)
SWI/SNF‑related, matrix‑associated, actin‑dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4)‑deficient non‑small cell lung cancer (dNSCLC) is a rare malignant tumor that originates in the lungs. (spandidos-publications.com)
The Tcf4-driven target gene program in colorectal cancer cells is the malignant counterpart of a physiological gene program in selfrenewing crypts (13, 14). (hubrecht.eu)
The pTNM stage is a system of stage classification proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer which determines the degree of tumor development according with the T, N and M categories. (biorxiv.org)
Initial target selection was performed by comparison and statistical analysis of 3,985 genomic regions associated with the APC protein to whole transcriptome sequencing data from APC-deficient and APC-wild-type colon cancer cells, and two types of murine colon adenomas characterized by activated Wnt signaling. (duke.edu)
The newly discovered 'switch' controls the activity of two proteins - 'deleted in liver cancer-1' ( DLC1 ), a tumour suppressor, and talin. (imperial.ac.uk)
Both proteins control whether or not cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, but the exact mechanisms have remained unclear. (imperial.ac.uk)
These forces change the shape of talin, which deactivates DLC1 so that it cannot perform its tumour suppressing fuction, leading to cancer. (imperial.ac.uk)
The expression of p53 is directly linked to a blockage of cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase and upregulates Bax, cytochrome studies have shown the ability of the bioactive compounds of flavokawain B and alpinetin to target UCK2 enzyme specifically, inducing cell cycle arrest and subsequently leading to cancer cell death, possibly through interfering the MDM2-p53 signalling pathway. (nanoker-society.org)
Tumour suppressor protein, p53, prevents cancer development by eliminating cells with mutagenic alterations or potential for neoplastic transformation or blocking their cell cycle permanently or by transient DNA repair [3C5]. (nanoker-society.org)
An important development in cancer research over the past 2 decades has been the recognition that genetic changes drive the pathogenesis of tumors of both adulthood and childhood. (medscape.com)
The aim of my thesis was to evaluate the clinical significance of the tumor suppressors 15-PGDH and WNT5A in colon cancer patients. (lu.se)
I found that presence of mast cells in colon cancer tissue was associated with better prognosis of colon cancer patients, and the presence of mast cells in polyps/tumors in a colitis-associated colon cancer mouse model was also beneficial. (lu.se)
I found that the tumor suppressor gene 15-PGDH is down-regulated in colon cancer patients as well as in colon cancer cell lines. (lu.se)
I found that down-regulation of both these proteins is associated with poor prognosis for colon cancer patients. (lu.se)
Through their efforts, we are gaining a better understanding of cancer formation and developing diagnostic tools for early detection, while also exploring ways to prevent tumor growth and much more. (lu.se)

For the past 20 years, scientists have used a variety of colored fluorescent proteins, derived from jellyfish and corals, to visualize cells and their organelles and molecules. (sciencedaily.com)
Once the viruses and their gene cargoes infected liver cells, the infected cells expressed the gene and produced iRFP protein. (sciencedaily.com)
Second, a suite of biochemical and functional assays is used to monitor the ubiquitination and functional status of target proteins in cells. (businesswire.com)
The RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) family of serine/threonine protein kinases, particularly the AKT1 isoform, has been identified abnormally expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and is highly associated with cell behavior, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
In cells, p53 is a very unstable protein with a short half-life. (medicaltrend.org)
This is mainly because there are many proteins that regulate p53 levels in cells, the most important of which is MDM2. (medicaltrend.org)
Palbociclib instead primarily targeted monomeric CDK4 and CDK6 (CDK4/6) in breast tumor cells. (rcsb.org)
As has often been the case, hematologic malignancies have led the way in the introduction of this new generation of therapeutics-perhaps because of easy access to tumor samples for pharmacodynamics, and the narrow spectrum of cells of origin. (cancernetwork.com)
Mutant allele frequencies were at 40-50% , suggesting that the mutation was present in most or all tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
A reduced amount of killin may allow abnormal cells to survive and proliferate inappropriately, which can lead to the formation of tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
The WWP1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in the process that targets other proteins to be broken down (degraded) within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Extraction of total protein Total protein was extracted from lysed HT-29 cells in an appropriate volume of ProteoJET mammalian cell lysis reagent (Fermentas, Burlington, ON, Canada). (nanoker-society.org)
Trypsin pre-treatment of A431 cells and pre-incubation with polyanions, or with unlabelled nucleic acid competitors, inhibited the accumulation of rhodamine-labelled ODNs in nuclei as well as the affinity labelling of the 61-63 kDa doublet and 35 kDa ODN-binding proteins by reactive ODN derivatives. (bvsalud.org)
These changes can be inherited and are, therefore, found in every cell, but more often, they are somatically acquired and restricted to tumor cells. (medscape.com)
This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
Initial exponential tumor growth is followed by a plateau phase when cell death nearly equals the rate of formation of daughter cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
GEP analyses were performed on highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted tumor-cells from eight subgroups of BCLs. (lu.se)
This enabled identification of TFs that can be uniquely associated to the tumor cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (lu.se)

The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
The p27 protein is a canonical negative regulator of cell proliferation and acts primarily by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (rcsb.org)

The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase group. (nature.com)
Most recently, Dixon's lab has identified a new group of enzymes in the protein kinase family that phosphorylate casein in the biomineralization of teeth and bone. (ucsd.edu)
In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)
While these drugs have achieved some clinical success, the inactivation of kinase signaling via stimulation of endogenous phosphatases has received minimal attention as an alternative targeted approach. (mssm.edu)
It regulates the activities of PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1 and PROTEIN KINASE A, and it is a key mediator of the biochemical, electrophysiological, transcriptional, and behavioral effects of DOPAMINE. (bvsalud.org)

Knocking down p53 and ERalpha by small interfering RNA elicits opposite effects on p53-target gene expression and cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)
Due to its high prevalence, long latency, and slow progression, PCa is an ideal target for chemoprevention strategies. (mdpi.com)

Next, in a classic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model, the author once again observed the tumor suppressor effect of p53KQ/KQ. (medicaltrend.org)
The incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) is increasing, and it presents with various clinical manifestations and an unfavorable survival rate. (quanterix.com)
Functional malignant cell heterogeneity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors revealed by targeting of PDGF-DD. (lu.se)

Overexpression of MDM2 leads to inactivation of p53 tumour protein, thereby diminishing its tumour suppressor function [8]. (nanoker-society.org)
One of its transcriptional targets is MDM2, which in turn down-regulates p53. (bvsalud.org)

This keynote address will describe new drugs emerging from studies of the VHL tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), which is usually defective in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). (aspet.org)
Hydroxylation of HIF creates a binding site for pVHL,the protein product of the VHL gene. (standardofcare.com)
pVHL directs the ubiquitylation of HIF1A, ensuring that this protein will be degraded by the proteasome. (standardofcare.com)

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (cusabio.com)
In the absence of Wnt signaling, we found that Tcf factors associate with proteins of the Groucho family of transcriptional repressors to repress target gene transcription (9). (hubrecht.eu)

Published reports that APC interacts with β-catenin in the chromatin fraction to repress WNT-activated targets have raised the possibility that chromatin-associated APC participates more broadly in mechanisms of transcriptional control. (duke.edu)
M2 protein interacts with MAVS. (cdc.gov)

One of the interactions AMBRA1 has with Beclin1 aids in cell proliferation and protein replacement during neural development. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, DBC1 knockdown eliminated the up-regulation of MMP7, EMT-related proteins, and cell cycle-related proteins as well as the enhanced proliferation and invasiveness induced by ZNF326. (cancerindex.org)
Adaptor Protein LNK Is a Negative Regulator of Brain Neural Stem Cell Proliferation after Stroke. (lu.se)

A phosphoprotein that was initially identified as a major target of DOPAMINE activated ADENYLYL CYCLASE in the CORPUS STRIATUM. (bvsalud.org)

Both related proteins also associate with the molecular chaperone heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) and negatively regulate its ATPase activity and facilitate its association with folliculin. (nih.gov)

Four target prediction modules and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to identify potential mRNA targets of miR431 . (quanterix.com)
X-ray irradiation increased p53-dependent Noxa mRNA and protein levels. (thermofisher.com)

The C-Terminal is a C2 Domain, this targets proteins to cell membranes. (proteopedia.org)
A New Tumor Suppressor DnaJ-Like Heat Shock Protein, HLJ1, and Survival of Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma. (eurekalert.org)
It is the most common mechanism of regulating protein function and transmitting signals throughout the cell. (ucsd.edu)
The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute-like 2 controls intestinal stem cell state (26). (hubrecht.eu)
Imperial researchers have found a new cell mechanism that could be used to target tumours in the future. (imperial.ac.uk)
The talin protein attaches to the cell membrane and creates a bridge between the outside and inside of the cell. (imperial.ac.uk)
Sporadic mutation in the second copy of the VHL protein can lead to carcinomas, in particular hemangioblastomas affecting the liver and kidneys, renal and vaginal clear cell adenocarcinomas. (standardofcare.com)
In the normal cell with active VHL protein, HIF alpha is regulated by hydroxylation in the presence of oxygen. (standardofcare.com)
Spy1/RINGO (Spy1) proteins bind and activate Cdk but are resistant to canonical regulatory mechanisms that establish cell-cycle checkpoints. (escholarship.org)
Affinity modification studies in keratinocyte cell lines has revealed two high-affinity, cell-specific interactions between ODNs and proteins of 61-63 kDa and 35 kDa. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, cell fractionation studies indicated that these ODN-binding proteins were essentially localised in the plasma membrane. (bvsalud.org)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
In the multicellular theory, each tumor type is associated with a specific differentiated cell of origin within the salivary gland unit. (medscape.com)
However, most GEP studies have typically been performed on whole tissue samples, containing varying degrees of tumor cell content, which results in uncertainties in data analysis. (lu.se)

Experimental work produced a wealth of information about the biochemical properties of mutant p53, its utility as a clinical marker and ways to target mutant p53 in tumours. (europa.eu)

The genetic change that causes Cowden syndrome and Cowden-like syndrome leads to reduced production of the killin protein. (medlineplus.gov)

We have shown in frogs (4), flies (7) and worms (11) that the TCF proteins constitute the effectors of the canonical Wnt pathway. (hubrecht.eu)

The APC protein performs multiple tumor suppressor functions including negative regulation of the canonical WNT signaling pathway by both cytoplasmic and nuclear mechanisms. (duke.edu)
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)

Most tumors (65%) are benign, with hemangiomas being the most common, followed by pleomorphic adenomas. (medscape.com)

The selective expression and non-immunogenicity of human UCK2 may, however represent a potential target for anticancer drug development [2]. (nanoker-society.org)

Human metapneumovirus: mechanisms and molecular targets used by the virus to avoid the immune system. (cdc.gov)

Their pioneering work demonstrated the functional rescue of CFTR and of a second target, KCNQ1, a gene that when mutated causes Long QT syndrome. (businesswire.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms10

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs97

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Genes26

Hippel-Lindau3

Mutations8

Apoptosis8

Phosphorylation7

Inhibitors9

TP535

Downstream2

Salivary gland tumors4

Binds6

Transformation-related protein 531

Degradation11

Inhibition2

PTEN10

Therapeutic9

Angiogenesis3

Metastasis3

Recurrence2

Pathways3

Oncogenic1

Malignant tumors2

Brain tumors1

Solid tumors4

Transcriptional Activation1

Cyclin-depend1

Retinoblastoma3

Activation6

Cancers6

Encodes a protein3

Therapies4

Cancer30

Cells19

Kinases2

Kinase5

Progression2

Pancreatic3

Mdm22

PVHL3

Factors2

Interacts2

Proliferation3

Phosphoprotein1

Regulate1

MRNA2

Cell15

Mutant p531

Genetic1

Canonical Wnt pathway1

Signaling pathway2

Benign1

Anticancer1

Molecular1

Functional1