• There are several types of repeated sequences : Interspersed (or dispersed) DNA repeats (interspersed repetitive sequences) are copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom. (lookformedical.com)
  • Most of these sequences qualify as junk but they are littered with defective transposable elements that are already included in the calculation of junk DNA. (blogspot.com)
  • In other words, the direct repeats are nucleotide sequences present in multiple copies in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
  • Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. (lookformedical.com)
  • Several molecular typing methods have been developed to differentiate between M. avium subspecies and strains, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing and mini-satellite sequence analysis-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit variable-number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • MIRU-VNTR analysis, on the other hand, uses mini-satellite sequences (tandem repeats of 10-100 nucleotides) dispersed at multiple loci in the bacterial genome. (frontiersin.org)
  • Direct repeats are a type of genetic sequence that consists of two or more repeats of a specific sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flanking (or terminal) repeats (terminal repeat sequences) are sequences that are repeated on both ends of a sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on retroviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats (tandem repeat sequences) are repeated copies which lie adjacent to each other. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the basis of 24 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeats clustering and robust phylogenetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SIT264 and SIT266 isolates are assigned to the Latin American-Mediterranean lineage of M. tuberculosis ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Most other SINEs are derived from tRNAs including the MIRs (mammalian-wide interspersed repeats). (lookformedical.com)
  • BES analyses identified 6,848 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), of which 3,854 had high quality flanking sequences for PCR primers design. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Note that SITVITBovis also contains limited information on mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats when available. (oup.com)
  • the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to provide an invaluable resource to understand tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of global infectious disease mortality. (jci.org)
  • Kolb J, Hillemann D, Möbius P, Reetz J, Lahiri A, Lewin A, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Richter E. Genetic characterization of German Mycobacterium avium strains isolated from different hosts and specimens by multilocus sequence typing. (fz-borstel.de)
  • In contrast, whole genome sequencing offers sensitive views of the genetic differences between strains ofM. (9lib.org)
  • Although metagenomic tools exist to classify strains in a metagenomic sample, most tools have been developed for more divergent species, and therefore cannot provide the sensitivity required to disentangle strains within closely related bacterial species such asM. (9lib.org)
  • The sequence of the human nuclear genome has been completed in draft form by an international public consortium consisting of 16 sequencing centers and associated computational facilities [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, comparative genomics through BES can be used for identifying positional candidate genes from QTL mapping studies, aid in future assembly of a reference genome sequence and elucidating sequence content and complexity in the rainbow trout genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different variants of FISH can be used to retrieve information on genomes from (almost) base pair to whole genomic level, as besides only second and third generation sequencing approaches can do. (frontiersin.org)
  • Like mammalian genomes, the sea urchin genome contains a lot of junk DNA, especially repetitive DNA. (blogspot.com)
  • A tract of repetitive DNA in which a motif of a few base pairs is tandemly repeated numerous times (e.g. 5 to 50 times) is referred to as microsatellite DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The region of DNA which borders the 3' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located. (lookformedical.com)
  • Siebert R, Puchta H. Efficient repair of genomic double-strand breaks by homologous recombination between directly repeated sequences in the plant genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to enrich the genomic tools already available in this species and provide further insight on the complexity of its genome, we sequenced a large number of rainbow trout BAC-end sequences (BES) and characterized their contents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the genome sequence was already transformative at the time, the past 25 years of progress have substantially increased its impact on TB taxonomy, drug discovery, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, vaccine development, and pathogenesis. (jci.org)
  • To gain deeper insight into the biological and pharmacological mechanisms, we sequenced the genome of H. sinensis . (springeropen.com)
  • In order to clarify the biological and pharmacological mechanisms of O. sinensis , we carried out the genome sequencing of H. sinensis, anamorph of O. sinensis , for the first time, described the annotation and gene expression, and analyzed the complete sequencing data (Li et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Wrong eukaryote is that the economic novelty notion with lunar sequences will demonstrate the other Mechanisms apparently Supported with border sentence. (be-mindful.de)
  • The short sequencing reads were subjected to analysis by using the SpoTyping program ( https://github.com/xiaeryu/SpoTyping ) ( 9 ) and the TGS-TB online tool ( https://gph.niid.go.jp/tgs-tb/ ) ( 10 ) to deduce their spoligoprofile. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 55% of the BES reads (97,846) had more than 100 base pairs of contiguous non-repetitive sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fractions of the 97,846 non-repetitive trout BES reads that had significant BLASTN hits against the zebrafish, medaka and stickleback genome databases were 15%, 16.2% and 17.9%, respectively, while the fractions of the non-repetitive BES reads that had significant BLASTX hits against the zebrafish, medaka, and stickleback protein databases were 10.7%, 9.5% and 9.5%, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function. (lookformedical.com)
  • The third report described Genetic Analysis and isolation from a child's hand with multibacterial synergistic Whole-Genome Sequencing gangrene ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most highly repeated interspersed repeat element in humans (over a million copies). (lookformedical.com)
  • As of late 2000, the public human sequence was primarily based on approximately 24,000 accessioned bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones covering 97% of the euchromatic portion of the genome [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sequence of these clones is approximately 93% complete to at least 4-fold coverage [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 16S rRNA gene was completely sequenced. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, initial sequence analysis reveals highly ordered chromosomal landscapes associated with paralogous gene clusters and distinct functional compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The increasing accessibility of whole-genome sequencing across research and clinical settings has improved our ability to predict antibacterial susceptibility, to track epidemics at the level of individual outbreaks and wider historical trends, to query the efficacy of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and to uncover targets for novel antitubercular therapeutics. (jci.org)
  • In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of Nautilus pompilius in the hope of providing a critical reference for the evolution of cephalopods. (nature.com)
  • M. tuberculosis NGS data were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive (project no. (cdc.gov)
  • The assembly provides simplified descriptions of the genome, as disparate data sources such as GenBank and numerous expressed sequence tag (EST) and protein databases are unified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Highly repeated sequences, 6K-8K base pairs in length, which contain RNA polymerase II promoters. (lookformedical.com)
  • The first rainbow trout repeat elements database (INRA RT rep1.0) containing 735 putative repeat elements was developed, and identified almost 59.5% of the BES database in base-pairs as repetitive sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generally, a direct repeat occurs when a sequence is repeated with the same pattern downstream. (wikipedia.org)
  • Highly repeated sequences, 100-300 bases long, which contain RNA polymerase III promoters. (lookformedical.com)
  • The discovery of specific repeat elements will facilitate analyses of sequence content (e.g. for SNPs discovery and for transcriptome characterization) and future genome sequence assemblies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The conserved molluscan biomineralization toolkit and lineage-specific repetitive low-complexity domains are essential to the construction of the nautilus shell. (nature.com)
  • However, the lack of a reference genome sequence hampers research progress for both academic and applied purposes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All colonies, regardless of the nucleotide sequence of rpsA , were found to be sensitive to all of the drugs tested except for ethambutol. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, the consortium has distributed a working draft assembly of the entire genome that removes redundancies, orients sequence fragments and clearly indicates gaps arising from sequencing and assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2008, total world production was about 576,000 metric tons with a total export value estimated around 2.4 billions USD ( http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/en ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, formerly independent maps, based on cytogenetic banding patterns, meiotic crossovers and radiation hybrids, may be placed within the single consensus sequence. (biomedcentral.com)