• Aqueous solubility of any therapeutically active substance is a key property as it governs dissolution, absorption and thus the in vivo efficacy. (scialert.net)
  • Drug efficacy can be severely limited by poor aqueous solubility and some drugs also show side effects due to their poor solubility. (scialert.net)
  • Most of drugs which are weakly acidic and basic show poor aqueous solubility hence various methods like, salt formation, co-solvency, micronization, addition of agent, solid dispersion, complexation etc., are some of the vital approaches routinely employed to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. (scialert.net)
  • Hence, poor aqueous solubility has become the leading hurdle for formulation, and scientists are concerned in improving oral delivery of insoluble drug candidates. (dovepress.com)
  • Nowadays, crystalline nanosuspensions (nanocrystals) are considered a valuable formulation for drugs that have a poor dissolution rate and/or aqueous solubility. (dovepress.com)
  • This chemical shows low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate and this has become the main concern in the industry that require dissolution of this chemical. (azpdf.org)
  • For the BCS class II drugs, the oral absorption is limited by the solubility or dissolution in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. (scialert.net)
  • I'm also interested in reliable solubility values for use in geochemistry (e.g. ocean salinity) and purifying salts by solvent extraction and fractional dissolution/recrystallization. (sciencemadness.org)
  • To increase both the solubility and dissolution rate of DCN while maintaining its crystalline nature, high pressure homogenization was used but with only a few homogenization cycles preceded by a simple bottom-up technique. (dovepress.com)
  • The saturated solubility and mean dissolution time, in the case of F8 and F12, were significantly higher than the coarse drug powder. (dovepress.com)
  • The saturation solubility, in vitro dissolution rate and relative bioavailability of DCN were significantly increased after nanocrystallization. (dovepress.com)
  • 1 - 3 Various approaches have been utilized for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs such as solid dispersions preparation, 4 inclusion in cyclodextrins, 5 and particle size (PS) reduction. (dovepress.com)
  • 6 Although these approaches improved solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, their commercial use is limited due to stability issues of the amorphous nature of the produced drug. (dovepress.com)
  • The combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening increases the solubility of poorly water soluble compounds. (scialert.net)
  • Therefore, drug release profiles are exhibited by such formulations for poorly soluble drugs to improve the solubility of such poorly soluble drugs. (scialert.net)
  • This article reviews various methods used for improving the solubility of hydrophobic drugs and improve the drug release profiles which are exhibited by such formulations for poorly soluble drugs. (scialert.net)
  • The preliminary test indicated that the test substance was soluble in water with solubility above 10 mg/L. (europa.eu)
  • Grain proteins are broadly classified into four fractions according to their solubility characteristics: albumin (water soluble), globulin (soluble in dilute salt solution), prolamin (soluble in alcohol) and glutelin (extractable in dilute alkali or acid solutions). (fao.org)
  • Like I said though, the internet suggests that solubility is usually measured per unit solvent. (sciencemadness.org)
  • The book actually makes the distinction between solubility as measured by 'unit per unit solution' compared to 'unit per unit solvent', which, if this thread has taught me anything, is extremely important. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Initial election of test item solvent: solubility of the test item in an appropriate solvent was assessed before performing the assay. (europa.eu)
  • Measuring solubility of crystal in various solvent is a key factor in compound characterizing during the whole discovery and development process where it allows engineers to design and optimize crystallization process. (azpdf.org)
  • This research describe an approach to improve the solubility of benzoic acid by using co-solvent. (azpdf.org)
  • Among all newly discovered chemical entities about 40% drugs are lipophilic and these drugs are rejected by the pharmaceutical industry and will never benefit a patient because of its poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and/or cell membrane permeability. (scialert.net)
  • Solubility data for selected salts is given together with their solubility curves graphical representation and how to do simple solubility graph reading and mass of salt crystallising calculations. (docbrown.info)
  • These revision notes, data tables and solubility curve graphs of various compounds including salts, should prove useful for the new AQA chemistry, Edexcel chemistry & OCR chemistry GCSE (9 1, 9-5 & 5-1) science courses. (docbrown.info)
  • One of the forms of presenting solubility data for which especial care is needed in converting the values to a different basis is in the case of results for salts with water of crystallization. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Solubility and preparation of salts. (chemguide.co.uk)
  • This experience emphasizes the importance of solubility of the bismuth salts in relation to toxicity. (lww.com)
  • The table has a useful classification of commonly used salts of bismuth and their toxicity potential. (lww.com)
  • Product chemistry data requirements table. (cornell.edu)
  • 40 CFR § 158.310 - Product chemistry data requirements table. (cornell.edu)
  • Sections 158.100 through 158.130 describe how to use this table to determine the product chemistry data requirements for a particular pesticide product . (cornell.edu)
  • The following table shows the data requirements for product chemistry. (cornell.edu)
  • In the case of the perhalogenated compounds (CFC-113, CFC-114, and their isomers), the solubility behavior between isomers in the ionic liquid is practically identical with large immiscibility gaps. (acs.org)
  • Even a qualitative prediction of the relative solubility of ionic compounds is challenging as there are many factors involved. (unizin.org)
  • The isomer effect on the solubility in the ionic liquid becomes significant for the dihydrogen-substituted halocarbons (HFC-134 and HFC-134a), and these isomers can be separated using [emim][Tf 2 N] as an entrainer in an extractive distillation. (acs.org)
  • This is supported by the fat solubility of the substance and measured concentrations in surface waters. (janusinfo.se)
  • Leckband but monodisperse and tetrameric at high salt concentrations and Israelachvili, 2001), has not proven to be a fruitful (near the BPTI solubility limit). (lu.se)
  • The basic physicochemical parameters including refractive index, solubility in polar media, foaming properties and wettability were investigated and compared. (springer.com)
  • Particularly for (in situ) photo-induced polymerizations, monomers should comprise sufficient solubility in a given matrix, moderate viscosity, matching refractive indices as well as an optimized reactivity - the proper design of these features ensures continuous light transmittance, adequate propagation rates and, ultimately, thorough polymerization [1,2] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Cryoglobulinemia is classified based on cryoglobulin composition according to the Brouet classification, shown in the table below. (medscape.com)
  • Understand solubility with our handy solubility table and acid strength chart. (appadvice.com)
  • Sorghum and millet proteins differed in their essential amino acid profile (Table 21). (fao.org)
  • Such data on chemical score relative to amino acid requirement for different age groups (Table 22) suggested that the inherent capacity of the existing varieties commonly consumed was not adequate to meet the growth requirements of infants and young children, though all of them except sorghum may be able to meet the maintenance requirements in adults. (fao.org)
  • When the concentration of uric acid in urine exceeds its solubility at the urine pH, uric acid changes from a compound dissolved in solution to an insoluble precipitate. (medscape.com)
  • In his paper on Interpretations of Permissible Limits, Schrenk (16) notes that the "values for hydrochloric acid, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, chlorine and bromine as given under the heading "only minimal symptoms after several hours' in the foregoing Kobert paper agree with values as usually accepted in present-day tables of MACs for reported exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • Since, the melting point of the solid is related to solubility, the capacity for a substance to crystallize in more than one crystalline form is polymorphism. (scialert.net)
  • The water solubility of the test substance was measured under GLP according OECD 105/EU A6 guideline, flask method. (europa.eu)
  • At the equilibrium the experimental apparent solubility data were successfully correlated with the modified Chrastil equation. (hindawi.com)
  • There's solubility data for copper sulphate at the bottom of page 300, and the error with respect to the table I posted above ranges from 3.2% to as low as 0.4%, which suggests that it's most likely reliable unless there's some circular referencing going on. (sciencemadness.org)
  • Solubility data plays an important role in the industry. (azpdf.org)
  • An example script (ingestion.py) is provided to demonstrate how ingestion takes place for solubility data in csv files. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The most challenging task in development of a formulation is the solubility of drug, availability at the site of action and stability of drug. (scialert.net)
  • The solubility of oxygen in water reduces as temperatures increase (see table 1). (fishdoc.co.uk)
  • Table 1 shows that as water temperatures increase the gap between the level of dissolved oxygen and the minimum oxygen demand of the fish closes. (fishdoc.co.uk)
  • Solubility of oxygen in equilibration with air in fresh water and seawater (salt water) - pressures ranging 1 - 4 bar abs . (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • The relative solubility of a salt or polar compound in water is a balance of two forces: the attraction between atoms of the salt molecule, and the attraction between the ions and the water molecules. (visionlearning.com)
  • Do you have the basis in your assays for comparing different substances at equal dosage and equal particle size ranges by inhalation, to construct a table of relative toxicities? (cdc.gov)
  • Information on thermodynamic models 1 and 2 and Tables S1 to S3. (acs.org)
  • In this module, we'll look at what actually happens when a compound dissolves, why some things dissolve more easily than others, and how the Romans might have been able to use knowledge of solubility to remove the lead from their water. (visionlearning.com)
  • The solubility of the test material in water was found to be 609 ± 8 mg/L (RSD = 1%) at 20 ± 2 °C. The resulting saturated solutions were basic (pH 8.6 to 9.3) and whitish. (europa.eu)
  • Online calculator, figures and table showing thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide, CO 2 , at temperatures ranging from -50 to 775 °C (-50 to 1400 °F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • Many ultrafine particles comprised classically of low-toxicity, low-solubility materials such as carbon black and titanium dioxide have been found to have greater toxicity than larger, respirable particles made of the same material. (cdc.gov)
  • The fractional excretion of urate in infants and children ranges from about 0.1-0.6 (see the table below). (medscape.com)
  • There has been significant emphasis on the contribution that low-solubility particle surface area may make to the nature, magnitude and rate of biological interactions. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, the third tube is important for determining the solubility of the cryoprecipitate on rewarming to 37°C. (medscape.com)
  • Learn more about chemical elements with our interactive Periodic Table. (appadvice.com)
  • The interactive approach of the app is more effective than traditional methods, and it's perfect for understanding the periodic table of elements, solving chemical equations and understanding the structure and behaviour of atoms and molecules. (appadvice.com)
  • An introduction to the Periodic Table, including a look at Groups 0, 1 and 7 (17) and the transition metals. (chemguide.co.uk)
  • When welding dissimilar metals, good solid solubility is essential for sound weld properties. (sme.org)
  • Aim: To evaluate the water sorption, solubility and surface roughness of commercial surface sealants for restorations. (bvsalud.org)
  • This was the first in a large volume and carried out at 37 C. The OD measurements at the induction time point and harvest are shown in Table 1. (igem.org)
  • The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers (CAS RN Footnote 1 ), their Domestic Substances List (DSL) names and their common names are listed in the table below. (canada.ca)
  • No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. (mdpi.com)
  • Online calculator, figures and tables with melting points of ice to water at pressures ranging from 0 to 29000 psia (0 to 2000 bara). (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • The table notes are shown in paragraph (f) of this section. (cornell.edu)