• Inhibitory potential of three Yin-tonification herbal formulas on the activities of human major cytochrome P450 and UDP- glucuronosyltransferases isozymes in vitro. (uiindex.org)
  • OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of Yin-tonification herbal formulas Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyin Jianghuo Tang, JEGHT), Ssanghwa-tang (Shuanghe Tang, SHT) and Yukmijihwang-tang (Liuwei Di huang Tang, YMJHT) on the activities of human major cytochrome P450 (CYP450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases isozymes (UGTs) in. (uiindex.org)
  • In phase I, enzymes such as cytochrome P450 oxidases introduce reactive or polar groups into xenobiotics. (bionity.com)
  • The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 enzyme exhibits large interindividual differences in metabolic activity. (sdu.dk)
  • Human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the bioactivation of estragole to its proximate carcinogen 1′-hydroxyestragole were identified and compared to the enzymes of importance for 1′-hydroxylation of the related alkenylbenzenes methyleugenol and safrole. (tno.nl)
  • Incubations with Supersomes revealed that all enzymes tested, except P450 2C8, are. (tno.nl)
  • In vitro studies were performed to elucidate the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the bioactivation of methyleugenol to its proximate carcinogen 1′-hydroxymethyleugenol. (tno.nl)
  • Possible metabolism of PLD-118 by rat, dog and human S9 liver homogenates and inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were investigated. (tno.nl)
  • Hepatic microsomal monooxygenase systems are the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. (cdc.gov)
  • Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of many drugs, and transporter systems allow for movement of many drugs across cell membranes. (fda.gov)
  • Table 2 provides definitions of substrates, inhibitors, and inducers for CYP-based metabolism and Table 3 provides definitions of inhibitors and substrates for drug transporter systems. (fda.gov)
  • The actions of some drugs as substrates or inhibitors of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism are a common reason for hazardous drug interactions . (bionity.com)
  • [1] The major challenge faced by xenobiotic detoxification systems is that they must therefore be able to remove the almost limitless number of possible xenobiotic compounds from the complex mixture of chemicals involved in normal metabolism . (bionity.com)
  • The detoxification of the reactive by-products of normal metabolism cannot achieved by the systems outlined above. (bionity.com)
  • The study provides new in vivo evidence of the enzyme function of different CYP2D6 genotypes and alleles. (sdu.dk)
  • However, the existence of a permeability barrier means that organisms were able to evolve detoxification systems that exploit the hydrophobicity common to membrane-permeable xenobiotics. (bionity.com)
  • The solution that has evolved to this problem is an elegant combination of physical barriers and low-specificity enzymatic systems. (bionity.com)
  • These systems therefore solve the specificity problem by possessing such broad substrate specificities that they metabolise almost any non-polar compound. (bionity.com)
  • The diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis is straightforward and requires no further diagnostic studies in patients presenting with a history of alcohol abuse, typical symptoms and physical findings, evidence of liver functional impairment, and compatible liver enzyme levels. (medscape.com)
  • 2000) studied skin absorption and penetration of JP-8 and its components in an in vitro system using rat skin. (cdc.gov)
  • Enzymes involved in metabolic processes were considered. (cdc.gov)
  • To refine your search for interacting examples of drugs* in CYP-based metabolic- and transporter system-based drug interaction classes, use the filters (in the box below) and/or the search box (located below the filters and above the table of examples). (fda.gov)
  • Free radicals can cause damage in structural and metabolic components like lipids, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates and DNA in cells and tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • In phase I a variety of enzymes act to introduce reactive and polar groups into their substrates. (bionity.com)
  • These enzyme complexes act to incorporate an atom of oxygen into nonactivated hydrocarbons, which can result in either the introduction of hydroxyl groups or N-, O- and S-dealkylation of substrates. (bionity.com)
  • These reactions are catalysed by transferase enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases . (bionity.com)
  • AFB 1 is metabolized by cytochrome P 450 enzymes to aflatoxin-8,9 epoxide which is then detoxified by the glutathione S- transferase system (GST). (hindawi.com)
  • 16 this range (primarily cytochrome P-450 mediated oxidation to fatty acids and alcohols) is slow, while the aromatics are metabolized faster (oxidation of alkyl site and/or ring, sometimes with formation of reactive intermediates, and conjugation with glutathione, glucuronic acid, or glycine) (ATSDR 1999). (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, these enzymes and systems are often implicated in drug-drug interactions because of their effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics (e.g., drug exposure). (fda.gov)
  • Examples of these specific detoxification systems are the glyoxalase system, which removes the reactive aldehyde methylglyoxal, [3] and the various antioxidant systems that eliminate reactive oxygen species. (bionity.com)
  • The importance of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system in sperm biology has been recognized for different bony fishes but nothing is known in this regard for chondrichthyans. (bvsalud.org)
  • This ultimately results in membrane damage, fragmentation, or random cross-linking of molecules like DNA, enzymes, and structural proteins and even lead to cell death induced by DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and finally to cancer formation [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For the first time for cartilaginous fishes, the enzymatic antioxidant system was shown herein to be present in both fractions of sperm (spermatozoa and seminal fluid) collected from two different places (seminal vesicle and cloaca). (bvsalud.org)
  • The role of the sperm antioxidant system for different aspects of internal fertilization is discussed. (bvsalud.org)
  • CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology , 10 (9), 983-993. (sdu.dk)
  • This website contains examples of drugs with CYP enzyme-based and transporter-based interactions but does not include drugs with other mechanisms leading to drug interactions (such as certain interactions affecting drug absorption (e.g., chelating agents, resin-based binders, interactions, and drugs that change gut pH), interactions affecting drug plasma protein binding, or pharmacodynamic interactions). (fda.gov)
  • In addition to its effects on steroid hydroxylase activities, I3C also elevated NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity, a necessary component to the P450 monooxygenase system. (nih.gov)
  • The hepatic cytochrome-P-450 monooxygenase system was described. (cdc.gov)
  • 16 this range (primarily cytochrome P-450 mediated oxidation to fatty acids and alcohols) is slow, while the aromatics are metabolized faster (oxidation of alkyl site and/or ring, sometimes with formation of reactive intermediates, and conjugation with glutathione, glucuronic acid, or glycine) (ATSDR 1999). (cdc.gov)
  • These proteins or enzymes aid in catalyzing the synthesis of cholesterol , steroid hormone , arachidonate metabolites and bile acids and, at the same time, assist in breaking down endogenous compound into steroids and fatty acids . (herbs2000.com)
  • Overexpression of ERG11 results in the production of high concentrations of the target enzyme, creating the need for higher intracellular drug concentrations to inhibit all of the enzyme molecules in the cell. (mims.com)
  • Digestive System can detoxify by eliminating toxic foods, by either vomiting or diarrhea. (tamu.edu)
  • These enzymes also help to detoxify xenobiotic sources of chemicals, carcinogens, alcohols and other toxic substances and convert these harmful substances into simpler substances such as water and oxygen . (herbs2000.com)
  • The diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis is straightforward and requires no further diagnostic studies in patients presenting with a history of alcohol abuse, typical symptoms and physical findings, evidence of liver functional impairment, and compatible liver enzyme levels. (medscape.com)
  • DSP4 reduced endogenous NA levels in all central nervous system (CNS) regions analyzed. (researchgate.net)
  • Ethanol-induced oxidative stress leads to a decrease in intracellular antioxidative capacity of the liver cells including small molecular antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). (hindawi.com)
  • Following gastrointestinal absorption, the larger molecular weight aliphatics are transported primarily by the lymphatic system, while the smaller ones are transported by both the lymph and the blood. (cdc.gov)
  • The organ systems involved include the lungs, the skin, and the digestive tract, but two organs are especially important: the liver and the kidneys. (tamu.edu)
  • This enzyme system is found in the epithelial lining of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and people who do not have enough of these enzymes in their body often suffer from colon cancer . (herbs2000.com)
  • Its primary mode of action is the inhibition of fungal cytochrome P-450-mediated 14-alpha-lanosterol demethylation, an essential step in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. (mims.com)
  • They have an impact on human health and society, and there are more than 180 officially recognized species, including 20 human pathogens as well as beneficial species used to produce foodstuffs and industrial enzymes [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)