System respiratory mucosa. Medical search. Frequent questions

Respiratory epithelium, or airway epithelium, is a type of ciliated columnar epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract as respiratory mucosa, where it serves to moisten and protect the airways. (wikipedia.org)
The respiratory epithelium lining the upper respiratory airways is classified as ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
This designation is due to the arrangement of the multiple cell types composing the respiratory epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
The respiratory mucosa transitions to simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium and finally to simple squamous epithelium in the alveolar ducts and alveoli. (wikipedia.org)
The respiratory epithelium functions to moisten and protect the airways. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The respiratory epithelium has a further role of immunity for the lungs - that of glucose homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 was extensively detected by IHC within turbinate epithelium, with decreased detection in lower respiratory tract epithelium and alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Covered in respiratory epithelium and mucous cells, this is the most substantial part of the nasal cavity. (nih.gov)
Mucosa - formed by epithelium and underlying lamina propria. (edu.au)
Despite having increased acrolein UE, GSH concentrations in the respiratory epithelium of acrolein preexposed rats were higher at the end of the 80 min acrolein uptake experiment than their in naive rat counterparts, suggesting that an adaptive response in GSH metabolism occurred following acrolein preexposure. (cdc.gov)
The bronchial mucosa is made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and basal cells. (medscape.com)

The direction of their beat is targeted towards the pharynx, either upwards from the lower respiratory tract or downwards from the nasal structures. (wikipedia.org)
Certain parts of the respiratory tract, such as the oropharynx, are also subject to the abrasive swallowing of food. (wikipedia.org)
In formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) upper respiratory tract (URT) specimens, conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR) was more sensitive than in situ hybridization (ISH) or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
Leprosy affects the skin and peripheral nerve system mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and eyes. (who.int)
they colonize the upper respiratory tract surfaces, from which they can disseminate to other attendees. (cdc.gov)
The goat genital tract might employ similar homing mechanisms as those of the upper respiratory tract and therefore could receive primed immune cells from the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) [36]. (groundwater-2011.net)
Upon initial interaction with the host upper respiratory tract mucosa, B. bronchiseptica are subjected to antimicrobial reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), effector molecules of the innate immune system. (bio5.org)
What the promoters of vaccination failed to realize is that secretory IgA (an antibody found predominately in saliva and secretions of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract mucosa) is the initial normal antibody response to all airborne and ingested pathogens. (icnr.com)
The authors detected 33 different cell types in the upper respiratory tract of all tested individuals, including 21 immune and 12 epithelial cell subtypes. (virology.ws)
When the authors compared the baseline expression of RIG-I-, MDA5-, and LGP2-encoding genes in the upper respiratory tract epithelial cells of healthy children and adults, they found that healthy children expressed significantly higher levels of these genes compared to healthy adults and SARS-CoV-2-positive adults who were in the early phase of infection. (virology.ws)
In the same way, the immune system tissues are strategically distributed throughout the body, particularly at those points where pathogens can most easily gain entry to the body such as the respiratory and digestive tract mucosae. (pearson.com)
Typically, the upper and lower respiratory tract and the kidneys are affected, but any organ may be. (msdmanuals.com)
Patients may present with upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms (eg, recurrent nasal discharge or epistaxis, cough), followed by hypertension and edema, or with symptoms reflecting multiorgan involvement. (msdmanuals.com)
The nasal cavity is the most cephalic part of the respiratory tract. (nih.gov)
Covid-19 is a virus that is transmitted primarily as an airborne pathogen through the upper respiratory tract. (medstartr.com)
This can be initially divided into the 2 regions of the upper and lower respiratory tract. (edu.au)
For the upper respiratory tract observe the epithelial specialisations, sensory regions and associated cartilages. (edu.au)
For the lower respiratory tract observe the basic structure of the lung, alveoli and ducts, and associated cardiovascular elements. (edu.au)
Many consider the trachea to be the first portion of the lower respiratory tract, which also includes the bronchi , bronchioles , and lungs . (getbodysmart.com)
The mortalities and laboured and noisy respiration were related to the very irritant effect of small amounts of test item reaching the upper respiratory tract via reflux or contamination during dosing (as seen during the preliminary study). (europa.eu)
Sinus Tonic is designed to support the health of the upper respiratory tract mucosa, particularly in response to seasonal pollens and other irritants. (naturasophiaspagyrics.com)
The virus enters through the respiratory system (conjunctival or upper respiratory mucosa) and colonizes the upper respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
The infectious particles are cell-free virus particles derived from skin lesions or the respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
The uptake efficiency (UE) of 0.6, 1.8, or 3.6 ppm acrolein was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anesthetized naive rats under constant-velocity unidirectional inspi- ratory flow rates of 100 or 300 ml/min for up to 80 min. (cdc.gov)
1980), lates cell proliferation in the rat respiratory tract (Roemer et al. (cdc.gov)

olfactory mucosa was mostly spared. (cdc.gov)
nasal vestibule, respiratory region, and olfactory region. (nih.gov)
In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
2007) . The development of the olfactory system in vertebrate species studied morphogenetic level requires an intense proliferative activity, as witnessed by strong business PCNAsica (Ino et al. (unina.it)
Likewise, the olfactory mucosa presents events of apoptosis, but as a pattern appears to differ from those that occur in the eye (Ohsawa1 et al. (unina.it)
The data concerning the differentiation of embryonic olfactory and visual system of vertebrates are uncommon and those conducted as in Bufo bufo and X. laevis, do not provide data on the numbers of cells in apoptosis and mitosis (Mathis et al. (unina.it)
The most innovative aspect of this research is the attempt to correlate a system during development undergoes a profound and continuous rearrangement, as in the visual system, a system with a bit less dynamic as the olfactory organ. (unina.it)

The bronchial wall is made up of mucosa, lamina propria, smooth muscle, and submucosa with interspersed cartilage. (medscape.com)

A distal part of the lacrimal sac adjoins directly to the respiratory mucosa of the nasal cavity without an osseous protection. (avmi.net)
Particles that get past the nasal vestibule then become trapped in the mucosa of the nasal cavity. (nih.gov)

TUSSIONEX Pennkinetic Extended-Release Suspension is indicated for relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or a cold in adults and children 6 years of age and older. (globalrph.com)
The immune system of these infants and children did not recognize RSV when exposed, could not fight it, and thus the virus caused more severe symptoms. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)
If an infant gets another respiratory illness such as influenza, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus or even RSV again, the symptoms may be severe," cautioned Dr. Mavunda. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)
iii) If the employer receives reports of signs or symptoms of respiratory or dermal conditions associated with formaldehyde exposure , the employer shall promptly monitor the affected employee 's exposure . (cornell.edu)
3 ] Recognition of anaphylaxis can be difficult due to the abundance of nonspecific signs and symptoms across multiple systems, including the skin and mucosa, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems [ Table 1 ]. (bcmj.org)
Symptoms vary depending on the organs and systems affected. (msdmanuals.com)
Within 20 minutes to 3 hours of ingestion of a NSAID, aspirin-sensitive asthmatics can develop: respiratory symptoms such as acute bronchospasm, rhinorrhoea, conjunctival irritation and/or cutaneous flushing of the head and neck, and even circulatory collapse and respiratory arrest. (farinelliandthekingbroadway.com)
It has been shown that, in addition to the most common clinical symptoms of the disease, such as dry cough, fever, and general weakness, some patients develop taste and smell disorders, headaches, congestion of the nasal mucosa, gastrointestinal disorders, and dizziness. (hindawi.com)
The infection can affect the central nervous system, and neurological symptoms can appear both in the initial disease stages and in the protracted recovery period. (hindawi.com)
Vertigo presented as an initial COVID-19 symptom in three patients and followed respiratory symptoms in two patients [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Risk of additive immune system effects with etrasimod has not been studied in combination with antineoplastic, immune-modulating, or noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive therapies. (medscape.com)
The recent advances in the study of the mucosal immune system strengthen this mode of administration as being a very effective route for vaccination for both peripheral and mucosal immunity [33]. (groundwater-2011.net)
Additionally, the baby's immune system is still developing. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)
Components of the immune system that are supposed to protect the airway may not be present. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)
Thus, the next time the individual meets up with that same antigen, the immune system can be quickly triggered to demolish it. (icnr.com)
What this author has realized is that bypassing this mucosal aspect of the immune system by directly injecting organisms into the body leads to a corruption in the immune system itself whereby IgA is transmuted into IgE, and/or the B cells are hyperactivated to produce pathologic amounts of self-attacking antibody as well as suppression of cytotoxic T cells (as explained shortly). (icnr.com)
As a result, the pathogenic viruses or bacteria cannot be eliminated by the immune system and remain in the body, where they cause chronic disease and thus further grow and/or mutate as the individual is exposed to ever more antigens and toxins in the environment. (icnr.com)
These are formed when vaccine viruses combine with viruses from tissues used to culture them, or when bacteria lose their cell walls when a person takes antibiotics and transform into "L forms", leading to a lack of some critical antigens normally recognized by the cellular immune system. (icnr.com)
The mechanism by which the immune system is corrupted can best be realized when you understand that the two poles of the immune system (the cellular and humoral mechanisms) have a reciprocal relationship in that when the activity of one pole is increased, the other must decrease. (icnr.com)
Neutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system because they accumulate quickly at a site of infection, where they ingest pathogens and recruit and activate other immune cells. (virology.ws)
Sentinel cells of the innate immune system recognize invading pathogens by sensing structurally conserved molecular motifs in infectious microbes. (virology.ws)
In this topic, we will review the cells, tissues, and organs that make up the immune system. (pearson.com)
Your goals for learning are: To list the cells of the immune system and describe their major functions. (pearson.com)
The immune system has two major anatomical parts: The first consists of specialized immune cells, many of which are leukocytes, also known as white blood cells or their close relatives. (pearson.com)
Let's examine the cells of the immune system more closely. (pearson.com)
The cells of the immune system originate in the bone marrow. (pearson.com)
In fact, the immune system itself aids and abets not only the transmission of the virus, but contributes to the overall devastation of the disease process itself known as a cytokine storm. (medstartr.com)
The occurrence of PPH in the course ofthis rare disease with well documented dysfunction of immunological system 2 may suggest a possible role of immune deregulation in the pathogenesis of PPH. (ersjournals.com)
Monocyte-derived immune system cell that removes debris and microorganisms from the alveoli and may have immune roles. (edu.au)
It targets cells in the nasal passages and in the lungs, and causes a body-wide immune system response. (ibtimes.co.uk)
Breast milk also contains other immunoglobulins, antibodies, oligosaccharides, lipids, bioactive peptides, among other components with unique mechanisms that besides the protection against these diseases, stimulate the development of infants' immune systems. (bvsalud.org)
Mucosa serves to educate the immune system, leading to a host that is more susceptible to autoimmunity through alteration of regulatory cells. (medscape.com)
People with immune thrombocytopenia can have significant bleeding episodes, such as nose bleeds (epistaxis) or bleeding in the moist lining (mucosae) of the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Immune thrombocytopenia in children is often preceded by a minor infection, such as an upper respiratory infection, but the relationship between the infection and immune thrombocytopenia is not clear. (medlineplus.gov)
This condition occurs when the body's own immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's tissues and organs (autoimmunity). (medlineplus.gov)
In immune thrombocytopenia, the immune system abnormally destroys platelets and makes fewer platelets than normal. (medlineplus.gov)
Exposure to these foreign invaders may trigger the body to fight the infection, but the immune system also mistakenly attacks platelets. (medlineplus.gov)
However, immune thrombocytopenia can be a feature of other immune disorders, such as common variable immune deficiency , which occurs when the immune system has a decreased ability to protect the body against foreign invaders, or other autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus . (medlineplus.gov)

To investigate respiratory epithelial function in cystic fibrosis, we measured the transepithelial electrical potential difference across the upper and lower respiratory mucosa in patients with cystic fibrosis and control subjects. (nih.gov)
Indeed, for many years, the upper respiratory mucosa has been proven to be suitable for vaccine delivery. (groundwater-2011.net)

This page contains information and images associated with respiratory system histology. (edu.au)

Inside the lungs, each primary bronchus divides repeatedly into branches of smaller diameters, forming secondary (lobar) bronchi, tertiary (segmental) bronchi, and numerous orders of bronchioles (1 mm or less in diameter), including terminal bronchioles (0.5 mm in diameter) and microscopic respiratory bronchioles. (cliffsnotes.com)
The last 2-3 generations of bronchioles are lined with alveoli and make up the respiratory zone. (medscape.com)
Alveoli, the functional units of the respiratory system, start appearing at the level of the respiratory bronchioles. (medscape.com)

The mucosa is the inner layer of the trachea. (cliffsnotes.com)
The wall of the primary bronchi is constructed like the trachea, but as the branches of the tree get smaller, the cartilaginous rings and the mucosa are replaced by smooth muscle. (cliffsnotes.com)
Respiratory arrest occurs if trachea is irritated by tracheal tube and/or endoscope (Molnar 2003). (vin.com)
The bronchus (from Greek bronkhos "windpipe") is the part of the respiratory system that connects the trachea to the lung parenchyma. (medscape.com)

We conclude that the increased respiratory-epithelial potential differences appear to be a specific abnormality in homozygotes for cystic fibrosis. (nih.gov)

Respiratory bronchiole e. (histology-world.com)

This trend has substantial public health consequences because the incidence of infectious diseases in general, and of those caused by respiratory pathogens in particular, has substantially increased among daycare center attendees. (cdc.gov)
Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
The understanding of Bordetella responses to physiologically relevant levels of exogenous RNS and ROS will aid in defining the role of endogenous production of these molecules in host innate immunity against Bordetella and other respiratory pathogens. (bio5.org)

In daycare centers, respiratory organisms spread easily through large droplet transmission among young children with poor hygienic habits who share toys contaminated with respiratory secretions or saliva. (cdc.gov)
In human, nasal mucosa can serve as an efficient site for the induction of specific IgA and IgG responses in vaginal secretions [34,35]. (groundwater-2011.net)

Protective elements of breast milk in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. (bvsalud.org)
to identify the protective elements of breast milk that work in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. (bvsalud.org)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes respiratory disease in mink similar to human COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
On July 29, 2015, a 61-year-old man was hospitalized in the ICU at the University Hospital of Marseille (Marseille, France) with acute respiratory distress syndrome as a complication of a lung abscess. (cdc.gov)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019 in Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread across the globe, infecting more than 262 million people, and over 5.2 million people have died due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (frontiersin.org)
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COVID-19). (hindawi.com)
Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) is accompanied by a general intoxication syndrome and respiratory mucosa predominant damage. (researchgate.net)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus or RSV, as it's commonly known, is wreaking havoc on one of our most fragile populations: babies. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)

A sneeze is an irritation of your nasal mucosa, the skin in your nose, and that causes an explosive expulsion of air to basically protect your airway. (thenakedscientists.com)
Despite this, there is evidence to suggest that marijuana can impair lung function, damage large airway mucosa and possibly contribute to bullous disease, while its carcinogenic potential is controversial. (nih.gov)
It is composed of an extensive branching system of airway passages that transmit the air from the atmosphere to the alveoli (the gas-exchange units). (medscape.com)

The submucosa is a layer of areolar connective tissue that surrounds the mucosa. (cliffsnotes.com)
elastic lamina - forming the border between the mucosa and submucosa is not visible in H&E stained slides. (edu.au)

respiratory mucosa (or mucous membrane). (getbodysmart.com)

A diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis was based on the following criteria: positive culture, A. fumigatus detection in a sputum sample culture, positive galactomannan antigen (index = 4.27 in respiratory samples), and bilateral nodules visible on chest computed tomography image. (cdc.gov)

See also Overview of Peripheral Nervous System Disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
Activation of the cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2) of the peripheral endocannabinoid system represents a homeostatic mechanism to counter the effects of the inflammatory response to pathogenic stimuli. (medstartr.com)

The mechanisms of differentiation within the nervous system including proliferation and differentiation, migration cell growth and development of axonal and dendritic synaptic connections. (unina.it)

A comprehensive illustration covering areas from the frontal sinus to the diaphragm, the Respiratory System Poster highlights structure and functio. (mountainside-medical.com)

We characterized the pathological findings in 72 mink from US farm s with SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, localized SARS-CoV-2 and its host cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in mink respiratory tissues, and evaluated the utility of various test methods and specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection in necropsy tissues. (cdc.gov)
Organoculture systems to investigate inflammatory responses (cytokine release) in skin (normal, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis) gastrointestinal tissues (normal and IBD) and lung (normal, COPD, and asthma). (reprocell.com)
Some cells migrate to tissues to take up residence whereas others circulate through the blood and lymphatic system, entering tissues when needed. (pearson.com)

These are innervated cells that only make up around 0.5% of the respiratory epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)

Mucosal ion channel assays, investigating sodium, chloride, and potassium channels in intact mucosa of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. (reprocell.com)
Since PGs play a critical role in maintaining gastric mucosal defense system, the inhibition of COX leading to decreased mucosal PGs is considered as the most important in the pathogenesis of NSAID-induced gastric damage. (farinelliandthekingbroadway.com)
Mucosal alteration of self-proteins (e.g. citrullination by pathogen-mediated inflammation or carbamylation through microbial-related respiratory burst. (medscape.com)

Current guidelines developed by the World Allergy Organization emphasize the use of a printed, regularly rehearsed anaphylaxis management protocol that involves rapid patient assessment, prompt intramuscular epinephrine administration, appropriate patient positioning, and management of respiratory distress, hypotension/shock, and cardiorespiratory arrest when indicated. (bcmj.org)

Suggested flow for sewage (thick arrows) and aerosols (thin arrows) through the drainage system. (cdc.gov)
Computed tomography (CT) of the nasolacrimal drainage system with and without contrast medium (barium sulfate) was used to create an anatomic basis for clinical evaluation in domestic cats. (avmi.net)
These CT series were also used for a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage system within surrounding structures. (avmi.net)
In noncontrast CT images, osseous structures limiting the nasolacrimal drainage system are easily recognizable. (avmi.net)
In most cats, this allows the identification of the nasolacrimal drainage system even without contrast enhancement. (avmi.net)
This close topographic relation may lead to problems with the nasolacrimal drainage system. (avmi.net)
In domestic cats the nasolacrimal drainage system consists of a descending and a horizontal part, which form an angle of approximately 90 degrees for unhindered drainage of the lacrimal fluid. (avmi.net)

The energy released by the pranic flush helps tone up the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the urino-genital system and the musculoskeletal system. (yogamag.net)

The following were initiated: mechanical ventilation with a system equipped with antimicrobial filters, extra corporeal membrane oxygenation, and antibacterial therapy (imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin). (cdc.gov)

Medical clinic preparedness, prompt recognition, and rapid treatment are essential for the successful management of in-office anaphylaxis, as even a short delay can lead to death by means of respiratory or cardiovascular collapse. (bcmj.org)

The patient's airways were moisturized by water vapor from a humidification system without a filter that allowed airflow between room air and the patient's airways. (cdc.gov)

Necrotic rhinitis follows injury to the oral or nasal mucosa and is often accompanied by infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum . (merckvetmanual.com)
Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) or liver also occurs at this time, as may encephalitis, hepatitis, or pneumonia . (medscape.com)

The digestive system can help us enjoy life if we look after it properly, and one of the ways to do this is through kunjal kriya. (yogamag.net)
As we have already discussed, the digestive system in man is the key to better health for the majority of people. (yogamag.net)
Though this cleansing technique is directly concerned with the digestive system, its effects and repercussions will be felt throughout the entire body. (yogamag.net)

In some cases, additional systems of the body can become involved including the musculoskeletal system such as inflammation of the joints (arthritis), the eyes such as inflammation of the conjunctiva or the membrane that lines the eyes (conjunctivitis), and the internal organs. (rarediseases.org)

headaches, (both tension and migraine) and diseases of the nervous system. (yogamag.net)
Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other diseases, which can be fatal. (who.int)

The greater reduction in potential difference in response to amiloride suggests that absorption of excess salt and perhaps liquid from respiratory epithelial surfaces contributes to the pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. (nih.gov)

Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepine or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death (see WARNINGS and DRUG INTERACTIONS ). (globalrph.com)
The indirect effects of kunjal are that it tones up and helps to rebalance the nervous system, thus helping to rejuvenate the whole body. (yogamag.net)
and occasionally involvement of the myocardium or central nervous system. (embl.de)
The retina is an easily accessible part of the central nervous system and therefore has become a classic model for studies of neural development and apoptosis (Cepko et al. (unina.it)

Bronchial fibroscopy showed inflammatory mucosa. (cdc.gov)

Despite this difference in cell composition in the nasal mucosa of children and adults, the expression level of ACE2 (the SARS-CoV-2 binding target), was similar in both age groups. (virology.ws)

Sweet syndrome can potentially affect most organ systems of the body. (rarediseases.org)

When this occurs, the mucociliary system helps get rid of these particles. (nih.gov)

Angioedema may affect many organ systems. (medscape.com)
The most common organ system involved outside of the skin is the eyes. (rarediseases.org)
With over 140 remedies to select from, we're able to hand pour formulas with a great degree of flexibility and specificity, customizing each formula for specific conditions, organ systems, and health concerns you face. (naturasophiaspagyrics.com)

This type of epithelial lining also secretes mucus that coats the lining and helps with the mucociliary clearance of minute aerosolized particles that become trapped in the nasal mucosa. (nih.gov)

This may be because of COVID-related isolation measures, during which the siblings and family members of many infants and children were not exposed to RSV or other respiratory viruses," said Kunjana Mavunda, M.D ., Board-certified pediatric pulmonologist at KIDZ Medical. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)

They're both very similar processes, but they come from different irritation in different parts of the respiratory system. (thenakedscientists.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms1

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care1

Epithelium11

Tract25

Olfactory7

Lamina propria1

Nasal cavity2

Symptoms10

Immune28

Upper2

Histology1

Bronchioles3

Trachea4

Increased respiratory-epithelial1

Bronchiole1

Pathogens3

Secretions2

Gastrointestinal and respiratory2

Acute5

Syncytial Virus1

Airway3

Submucosa2

Mucous1

Pulmonary1

Peripheral2

Mechanisms1

Sinus1

Tissues3

Epithelial cells1

Mucosal3

Hypotension1

Drainage7

Circulatory1

Antimicrobial1

Cardiovascular1

Airways1

Infection2

Digestive3

Musculoskeletal system1

Diseases2

Lung1

Nervous System4

Inflammatory1

Children and adults1

Syndrome1

Occurs1

Organ3

Mucociliary1

Viruses1

Irritation1