Synuclein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mutations in alpha-synuclein are associated with early-onset familial Parkinson's disease and the protein aggregates abnormally in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. (wikipedia.org)
A study published in Nature, "Alpha-synuclein is a DNA binding protein that modulates DNA repair with implications for Lewy body disorders" (Schaser et al. (parkinson.org)
However, what if the unhealthy alpha-synuclein (which becomes Lewy Bodies) causes the loss of DSB repair, leading to healthy cells dying? (parkinson.org)
Kelly Del Tredici and Heiko Braak established the scale that defines the progression of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (more commonly known as Braak's stages) and linked the progression of Parkinson's disease pathological symptoms to the mode of propagation of alpha-synuclein aggregates. (cea.fr)
Current pre-clinical models with overexpression of human mutant alpha-synuclein do not display Lewy body-like inclusions in dopamine neurons. (michaeljfox.org)
We will use these pre-clinical models to investigate whether alpha-synuclein wildtype or PD-mutant A53T will be accumulated and deposited into Lewy body-like inclusions in the mutant dopamine neurons. (michaeljfox.org)
alpha-Synuclein (alpha-Syn) is the major component of Lewy bodies (LBs) deposited in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease. (rcsb.org)
In Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, insoluble forms of alpha-synuclein accumulate as inclusions in Lewy bodies. (standardofcare.com)
Within neurons of Parkinson's disease patients, large alpha-synuclein-positive intracellular inclusions known as Lewy bodies are observed ( Wakabayashi et al, 2012 ). (biorxiv.org)
α-synuclein fibrils are a major component of the intracellular Lewy bodies that are associated with Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy. (biolegend.com)
Several lines of evidence suggest that phosphorylation of α-synuclein (α-syn) at S87 or S129 may play an important role in regulating its aggregation, fibrillogenesis, Lewy body formation, and neurotoxicity in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
For example, Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized by accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein in neuronal and/or glial cells, and therefore these diseases are termed α-synucleinopathies. (elifesciences.org)
for example, in the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein into the Lewy bodies present in Parkinson's disease. (au.dk)
In PD, an α-synuclein allele is genetically linked to several independent familial cases, and the protein appears to accumulate in Lewy bodies. (sysy.com)
Alpha-synuclein (αS) is the major constituent of Lewy bodies and a pathogenic hallmark of all synucleinopathathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). (bath.ac.uk)
The list of the well-known synucleinopathies includes such devastating disorders as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease, diffuse Lewy body disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type I. The precise functions of α-synuclein remain elusive, but there are evidence indicating its involvement in regulation vesicular release and/or turnover and synaptic function in the central nervous system. (usf.edu)
In Parkinson's disease , alpha-synuclein (aSyn) forms insoluble Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in brain neurons , and in type 2 diabetes , islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) comprises the amyloid in the islets of Langerhans . (bvsalud.org)
Synuclein is a neuronal and glial cell protein that can aggregate into insoluble fibrils and form Lewy bodies. (msdmanuals.com)

Now, scientists have uncovered how microglia deal with the presence of α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils. (genengnews.com)
Melki had previously distinguished between two classes of α-synuclein aggregate, ribbons and fibrils. (alzforum.org)
First author Wouter Peelaerts generated oligomers, ribbons, and fibrils from synthetic α-synuclein in vitro using different incubation conditions. (alzforum.org)
Overall, the findings highlight that α-synuclein fibrils are the form most toxic to neurons, Melki wrote to Alzforum. (alzforum.org)
Here, we generated two types of α-synuclein fibrils from identical monomer and investigated their seeding and propagation ability in mice and primary-cultured neurons. (elifesciences.org)
These synthetic α-synuclein fibrils can act as seeds and induce seeded aggregation of α-synuclein in cultured cells or primary cultured neurons, as well as in animal brains. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we show that two chemically identical but morphologically distinct α-synuclein fibrils can form under identical conditions. (lu.se)
Using the PD protein a-synuclein (a-syn) as model, this project aims to explore the molecular origin and magnitude of the stability of amyloid fibrils and to relate this to their biological activities.Fibril stability will be explored from a thermodynamic viewpoint using chemical denaturants and biochemical methods. (chalmers.se)
ins in amyloid fibrils are still only understood in outline.Here in Chapter 3, it is demonstrated, by a combination of solution-state and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, that the structure of amyloid fibrils of á-synuclein (aS) is directly correlated to the conformational properties of the unfolded state and monomeric state of misfolding proteins. (uni-goettingen.de)

We have found that alpha-synuclein nitration and aggregation - which may play a role in Parkinson's disease - is catalyzed by an enzyme that we have termed synuclein nitrase. (michaeljfox.org)
In this project, we plan to determine synuclein nitrase 's protein sequence, which will aid in our ability to develop a drug targeting alpha-synuclein nitration and aggregation and thereby Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
Because alpha-synuclein aggregation is believed to cause Parkinson's disease, by inhibiting synuclein nitrase we may be able will slow down disease progression. (michaeljfox.org)
Means to achieve this include (i) the use of RNA interference to suppress alpha-synuclein expression, (ii) the induction of neuronal pathways of protein degradation (e.g. macroautophagy) involved in alpha-synuclein clearance, and (iii) the development of anti-aggregation agents counteracting the formation of toxic oligomeric or fibrillar forms of the protein. (sri.com)
Abnormal α-synuclein aggregation has been implicated in several diseases and is known to spread in a prion-like manner. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we demonstrate that 2-dimensional polarization imaging can discriminate between preformed non-aggregated and aggregated forms of α-synuclein, and detect increased aggregation in brain tissues of transgenic mice. (lu.se)
Exploring earlier aggregation states of α-synuclein using such technically simple imaging method could lead to crucial improvements in our understanding of α-synuclein-mediated pathology in Parkinson's Disease. (lu.se)
α-Synuclein is an abundant presynaptic brain protein, misfolding, aggregation and fibrillation of which are implicated as critical factors in several neurodegenerative diseases. (usf.edu)
The molecular mechanisms underlying misfolding, aggregation and fibrillation of α-synuclein and the role of various environmental and genetic factors in stimulation and inhibition of these processes are relatively well understood. (usf.edu)
Here, the main structural features of α-synuclein, its functions, and involvement in various human diseases are summarized providing a foundation for better understanding of the biochemistry, biophysics and neuropathology of α-synuclein aggregation. (usf.edu)
synuclein aggregation and upregulation of Nrf-2 antioxidant proteins using the functionalised AuNPs will be examined in a dopaminergic cell line. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
Vermeij, RJ 2005, ' The use of DCVJ as a tool to investigate dynamics of alpha-synuclein aggregation ', MAF-9 9th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Fluorescence, Lissabon, Portugal, 4/09/05 - 7/09/05 pp. (utwente.nl)

Interest in the synuclein family began when alpha-synuclein was found to be mutated in several families with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Misfolding of the protein alpha-synuclein (aS), which associates with presynaptic vesicles, has been implicated in the molecular chain of events leading to Parkinson's disease. (rcsb.org)
Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in part, by the clumping of the protein alpha-synuclein. (parkinson.org)
The presynaptic protein α-synuclein forms aggregates during Parkinson's disease. (nih.gov)
The presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates during Parkinson's disease (PD) to form large proteinaceous amyloid plaques, the spread of which throughout the brain clinically defines the severity of the disease. (nih.gov)
Here we discuss the possibility that other mechanisms of alpha-synuclein elevation contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic, sporadic Parkinson's disease and other human synucleinopathies. (sri.com)
The central hypothesis for the cellular mechanism of Parkinson's disease is the toxic accumulation of alpha-synuclein, dysfunctional protein clearance and oxidative stress collectively leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. (michaeljfox.org)
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive accumulation of neuronal intracellular aggregates largely composed of alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) protein. (mdpi.com)
Both α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). (springer.com)
Familial Parkinson's disease is associated with mutations in the synuclein (SNCA) gene. (standardofcare.com)
Alpha synuclein potentially connects the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease patients. (standardofcare.com)
Aggregates of the protein alpha-synuclein spread in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease through a cellular waste-ejection process, suggests a new study led by Weill Cornell Medicine researchers. (medicalxpress.com)
Defects in the SNCA gene, which encodes alpha-synuclein, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. (thermofisher.com)
IHC staining of HRP anti-α-Synuclein, 80-96 antibody (clone A15115A) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal (left panel) and Parkinson's disease (right panel) human brain tissues. (biolegend.com)
The UCH-L1 gene encodes two opposing enzymatic activities that affect alpha-synuclein degradation and Parkinson's disease susceptibility. (alzforum.org)
We show here that proSAAS, widely expressed in neurons throughout the brain, is associated with aggregated synuclein deposits in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease. (au.dk)
A hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the formation of large protein-rich aggregates in neurons, where α-synuclein is the most abundant protein. (lu.se)
The small molecule baicalein inhibits fibrillation, and detoxifies aggregates of α-synuclein (αSN) associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), but it suffers from instability, low solubility and consequent low availability. (au.dk)
Alpha synuclein (aSyn) is strongly linked to Parkinson's disease but the molecular targets for its toxicity remains elusive. (alliedacademies.org)
This study aims to investigate the correlations between the methylation level of the Parkinson's Disease (PD)-susceptibility α-synuclein gene (SNCA) intron region 1 and the PD incidences in Uighur and Han ethnic groups. (alliedacademies.org)
Oxidative stress and formation of cytotoxic oligomers by the natively unfolded protein α-synuclein (α-syn) are both connected to the development of Parkinson's disease. (sdu.dk)
Head injury, alpha-synuclein Rep1, and Parkinson's disease. (cdc.gov)
a-Synuclein gene may interact with environmental factors in increasing risk of Parkinson's disease. (cdc.gov)

A specific protein, alpha-synuclein, has been found in the brains and gut of many Parkinson's patients. (medlineplus.gov)

The following product was used in this experiment: alpha Synuclein Monoclonal Antibody (Syn 211) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # AHB0261, RRID AB_2536241. (thermofisher.com)
Western blot of HRP anti-α-Synuclein, 80-96 antibody (clone A15115A). (biolegend.com)
Various tissue extracts (50 μg) were separated by 15% SDS-PAGE, and the membranes were blotted with alpha Synuclein antibody [HL1242] (GTX636641) diluted at 1:1000 and competitor's antibody (Competitor) diluted at 1:1000. (genetex.com)
alpha Synuclein antibody [HL1242] detects alpha Synuclein protein by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)
Green: alpha Synuclein stained by alpha Synuclein antibody [HL1242] (GTX636641) diluted at 1:100. (genetex.com)
Various whole cell extracts (30 μg) were separated by 15% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with alpha Synuclein antibody [HL1242] (GTX636641) diluted at 1:1000. (genetex.com)

Accumulating evidence suggests that the small soluble oligomers of α-synuclein are more toxic than the larger aggregates appearing later in the disease. (nih.gov)
In an international collaboration, a team from MIRCen (CEA-Jacob) studied the properties of toxic alpha-synuclein aggregates in fixed brain samples from patients, depending on their tissue origin and the type of synucleinopathy developed. (cea.fr)
These intracytoplasmic inclusions are rich in pathogenic aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein. (cea.fr)
They characterized alpha-synuclein aggregates from tissues of different regions of the central and enteric nervous system after having amplified them in vitro by the PMCA (Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification) technique. (cea.fr)
This technique, originally used for the amplification of pathogenic forms of the prion protein, has been adapted here to amplify pathological aggregates of alpha-synuclein by incorporating alpha-synuclein in a healthy monomeric form. (cea.fr)
These structural measurements have made it possible to show for the first time the presence of distinct alpha-synuclein aggregates (called strains) in the same individual. (cea.fr)
There is a relationship between protein aggregate structure (strain) and clinical phenotype in prion diseases, however, whether differences in the strains of α-synuclein aggregates account for the different pathologies remained unclear. (elifesciences.org)
One α-synuclein fibril induced marked accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein and ubiquitinated protein aggregates, while the other did not, indicating the formation of α-synuclein two strains. (elifesciences.org)

Synucleins are a family of soluble proteins common to vertebrates, primarily expressed in neural tissue and in certain tumors. (wikipedia.org)
The synuclein family includes three known proteins: alpha-synuclein, beta-synuclein, and gamma-synuclein. (wikipedia.org)
Synuclein family members are not found outside vertebrates, although they have some conserved structural similarity with plant 'late-embryo-abundant' proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha-synuclein InterPro: IPR002460 Beta-synuclein InterPro: IPR002461 Gamma-synuclein InterPro: IPR002462 Normal cellular functions have not been determined for any of the synuclein proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In both human cells in a dish (in vitro) and living mouse brains (in vivo) alpha-synuclein was present in the exact same location as the DNA repair proteins, suggesting alpha-synuclein binds directly to DSBs, and helps repair those breaks. (parkinson.org)
In the axon terminals alpha-synuclein interacts with phospholipids and proteins. (standardofcare.com)
Alpha-synuclein is primarily found in neural tissue, making up as much as one percent of all proteins in the cytosol of brain cells. (standardofcare.com)
Synuclein proteins are produced by three genes. (sysy.com)
Structurally, α-synuclein is an illustrative member of the rapidly growing family of natively unfolded (or intrinsically disordered) proteins and considerable knowledge has been accumulated about its structural properties and conformational behavior. (usf.edu)
synuclein proteins as well as the oxidative stress induced demise of dopaminergic neurons have revealed promising molecular targets for potential disease modifying therapies. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)

Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SNCA gene. (standardofcare.com)
Common inherited Parkinson disease is associated with mutations in the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene. (standardofcare.com)
Disease-linked missense mutations and multiplication of the SNCA gene encoding α-synuclein have been reported in familial forms of α-synucleinopathies, indicating that structural changes and overexpression of α-synuclein protein are involved in the development of α-synucleinopathies ( Wong and Krainc, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
Background: Although of great interest and suggested in prior reports, possible a-synuclein (SNCA) gene-environment interactions have not been well investigated in humans. (cdc.gov)

In rats injected with α-synuclein ribbons, characteristic α-synuclein deposits (red) form in dopaminergic neurons (left panel), in dopaminergic axons (middle), and in oligodendrocytes (right). (alzforum.org)
In the brain, alpha-synuclein is found mainly in the axon terminals of presynaptic neurons. (standardofcare.com)
Alpha-synuclein is expressed highly in neurons within the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and olfactory bulb. (standardofcare.com)
Alpha-synuclein is extensively localized in the nucleus of brain neurons. (standardofcare.com)
Alpha-synuclein in mitochondria is differentially expressed in different brain regions and the background levels of mitochondrial alpha-synuclein may be a potential factor affecting mitochondrial function and predisposing some neurons to degeneration. (standardofcare.com)
proSAAS-encoding lentivirus blocks α-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of nigral dopaminergic neurons, and recombinant proSAAS blocks α-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. (au.dk)

When caused by multiplication mutations of its gene, increased expression of alpha-synuclein is associated with familial parkinsonism. (sri.com)

Previous studies suggested that PARK9 deficiency causes lysosomal dysfunction and α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation, whereas PARK9 overexpression suppresses toxicity of α-syn. (nih.gov)
Would these effects be more severe in a background of α-synuclein overexpression? (alzforum.org)
In the synuclein-overexpression model, unlike wild-type, injected oligomers did have an effect, worsening dopamine neuron loss and motor problems. (alzforum.org)
As pre-clinical models, we used transgenic MSA mice, a myelinating stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte-neuron co-culture, and primary oligodendrocytes to determine functional consequences of oligodendrocytic alpha-synuclein overexpression on myelination. (uni-regensburg.de)
Corroborating this observation, overexpression of alpha-synuclein in primary and stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes severely impaired myelin formation, defining a novel alpha-synuclein-linked pathomechanism in MSA. (uni-regensburg.de)

These results suggest that different synucleinopathies are defined by different strains of α-synuclein aggregate," wrote Seung-Jae Lee at Seoul National University College of Medicine and Eliezer Masliah at the University of California, San Diego, in an accompanying News & Views commentary. (alzforum.org)

Current evidence suggests that an increased level of neuronal alpha-synuclein may represent a key pathogenetic event common to these risk factors. (sri.com)
Higher protein expression could underlie a gain of toxic properties of alpha-synuclein (e.g. enhanced tendency to aggregate) that predispose and/or directly contribute to neuronal demise. (sri.com)
Alpha-synuclein can also be found in the non-neuronal glial cells. (standardofcare.com)
Alpha-synuclein functions as a molecular chaperone, and is involved in the functioning of the neuronal Golgi apparatus and vesicle trafficking. (standardofcare.com)
Neuronal α-synuclein is concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals, interacts with plasma membrane phospholipids, and is also present in nuclei and mitochondria. (biolegend.com)

Group with the disease that carry the abnormal form of alpha-synuclein. (parkinson.org)
In diseased human cells and mice carrying the abnormal form of alpha-synuclein, the laser-induced DSBs, impaired alpha-synuclein from moving to the site of DNA damage. (parkinson.org)
The researchers found a buildup of the toxic form of alpha-synuclein in the appendixes of healthy volunteers. (medlineplus.gov)

Alpha-synuclein is known to directly bind to lipid membranes, associating with the negatively charged surfaces of phospholipids. (standardofcare.com)
The binding of alpha-synuclein to lipid membranes alters the bilayer structure and leading to the formation of small vesicles. (standardofcare.com)

An important corollary to this latter concept is that a promising therapeutic approach against Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases is to prevent alpha-synuclein accumulation. (sri.com)

Lastly, they tried adding healthy human alpha-synuclein back into the mice without alpha-synuclein to see if it might restore the normal DNA damage response. (parkinson.org)
Giving healthy human alpha-synuclein to the alpha-synuclein knock-out mice, restored the mice cells' DNA damage response to normal levels. (parkinson.org)
Recombinant full length protein corresponding to Human Alpha-synuclein. (abcam.com)
Synthetic peptide within Human Alpha-synuclein (phospho Y125). (abcam.com)
Recombinant human alpha-synuclein. (thermofisher.com)
Full length human alpha Synuclein Recombinant protein. (genetex.com)

Neuropathologically, myelin loss and neurodegeneration are associated with alpha-synuclein accumulation in oligodendrocytes, but underlying pathomechanisms are poorly understood. (uni-regensburg.de)

At least three isoforms of synuclein are produced. (standardofcare.com)
At least three isoforms of α-synuclein are produced through alternative splicing. (biolegend.com)

Alpha- and beta-synuclein have been shown to selectively inhibit phospholipase D2, suggesting that they may also be involved in signaling pathways. (thermofisher.com)

The gamma-synuclein protein's expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. (thermofisher.com)

Additionally, alpha-synuclein peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. (thermofisher.com)

Apha-synuclein expression levels can affect the viscosity and the relative amount of fatty acids in the lipid bilayer. (standardofcare.com)

α-Synuclein is a natively unfolded protein of 140 amino acid residues, normally found in both soluble and membrane-associated fractions and localized in synaptic termini. (elifesciences.org)

The absence of inclusions could be due to highly active autophagy that prevents the accumulation of exogenous alpha-synuclein. (michaeljfox.org)

Further examination indicated that structural differences in the C-terminal region of α-synuclein strains lead to different effects on proteasome activity. (elifesciences.org)
These results provide a possible molecular mechanism to account for the different pathologies induced by different α-synuclein strains. (elifesciences.org)

KLH-Conjugated synthetic peptide that included amino acid residues 80-96 of human α-synuclein. (biolegend.com)
In AD, a peptide derived from α-synuclein forms an intrinsic component of plaque amyloid. (sysy.com)
synuclein peptide inhibitor across the blood brain barrier (BBB). (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)

Alpha-synuclein is specifically upregulated in a discrete population of presynaptic terminals of the brain during a period of acquisition-related synaptic rearrangement. (standardofcare.com)

Removing alpha-synuclein in mice (the knock-out mice) also resulted in increased DSBs, following bleomycin treatment. (parkinson.org)

Alpha-synuclein in solution is considered to be an intrinsically disordered protein, lacking a single stable 3D structure. (standardofcare.com)
α-Synuclein (α-Syn), is an intrinsically disordered protein present in the substantia nigra part of the brain. (dissertations.se)

In both healthy human cells and living mouse brains, the laser-induced DSBs, triggered alpha-synuclein to move to the site of DNA damage. (parkinson.org)
They report that injecting different types of α-synuclein aggregate into rat brains resulted in distinct pathologic consequences. (alzforum.org)

Alpha-synuclein acquires a cross-sheet structure similar to other amyloids. (standardofcare.com)

Studies suggest that alpha synuclein plays a role in restricting the mobility of synaptic vesicles, consequently attenuating synaptic vesicle recycling and neurotransmitter release. (standardofcare.com)
Although the normal function of synucleins is unknown, a role in synaptic plasticity seems likely. (sysy.com)

Aggregated states of alpha-synuclein permeate the membrane of lipid vesicles. (standardofcare.com)
Transcriptome profiling of primary pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes demonstrated that benztropine readjusts myelination-related processes such as cholesterol and membrane biogenesis, being compromised by oligodendrocytic alpha-synuclein. (uni-regensburg.de)

Although the mechanisms underlying PD remain elusive, α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been recognized as major contributors [ 1 , 57 ]. (springer.com)

In this project, we plan to determine synuclein nitrase 's identity by following alpha-synuclein nitration activity through a purification process. (michaeljfox.org)

Alpha synuclein in neurodegenerative disorders: murderer or accomplice? (wikipedia.org)

However, synuclein can accumulate in many other parts of the nervous system, including the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, basal nucleus of Meynert, hypothalamus, neocortex, olfactory bulb, sympathetic ganglia, and myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract. (msdmanuals.com)

These abnormal α-synuclein species exhibit seeding activity for prion-like conversion, being similar in this respect to the infectious forms of prion protein (PrP) causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( Goedert, 2015 ). (elifesciences.org)

2019), wondered if healthy alpha-synuclein help repair DNA damage caused by double-strand breaks (DSBs). (parkinson.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes1

Information Science2

Lewy18

Fibrils9

Aggregation12

Parkinson's Disease23

Protein alpha-synuclein1

Antibody6

Aggregates8

Proteins10

SNCA4

Neurons6

Gene1

Overexpression5

Synucleinopathies1

Neuronal5

Form of alpha-synuclein3

Membranes2

Neurodegenerative diseases1

Human alpha-synuclein6

Alpha-synuclein accumulation1

Least three isoforms2

Beta-synuclein1

Gamma-synuclein2

Component of amyloid1

Lipid bilayer1

Natively unfolded1

Inclusions1

Strains2

Peptide3

Presynaptic terminals1

Mice1

Intrinsically disordered protein2

Brains2

Amyloids1

Synaptic2

Membrane2

Dysfunction1

Purification1

Disorders1

Accumulate1

Species1

20191