Synthase agrobacterium genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Embryogenic calli with high regeneration capability were incubated under different conditions with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring plasmid pCAMBIA1304-EPSPs. (ku.ac.th)
Since the early 1990's, different genetic transformation systems have been successfully developed in sugarcane, including electroporation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biobalistics. (frontiersin.org)
Family of proteins related to Agrobacterium tumefaciens CelA and Gluconacetobacter xylinus BscA. (unl.edu)
A naturally occurring bio technical engineer that skips husbandry and uses genetic modification directly is the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (rosslandtelegraph.com)
These acidic sugars are naturally consumed by most plant pathogenic bacteria such as Erwinia carotovora , Pseudomonas syringae , and Agrobacterium tumefaciens , but also by E. coli . (springeropen.com)

They are putative catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase, which is a glycosyltransferase using UDP-glucose as the substrate. (unl.edu)
Glycosyltransferase, catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase and poly-beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine synthase [Cell motility]. (unl.edu)

A genome-wide analysis resulted in the detection of more than eight hundred putative chitin synthases in proteomes associated with about 130 genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
A survey of the whole-genome sequence revealed 49 putative genes encoding polypeptides that are thought to be related to chitin degradation. (bvsalud.org)
NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase. (unl.edu)

In order to obtain field tolerance to glyphosate herbicide, a bacterial gene encoding a glyphosate-tolerant form of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) was introduced into the cotton genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. (cbd.int)
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and bombardment of particles. (gmo-safety.eu)
A transformation experiment was carried out by optimizing three important parameters: the age of calli, infection time and the optimum density of Agrobacterium suspension. (ku.ac.th)
A high efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was established for the indica rice Hom Kra Dang Ngah variety. (ku.ac.th)
While transformation procedures have become routine for a growing number of plant species, the random introduction of complex transgenenic DNA into the plant genome by current methods generates unpredictable effects on both transgene and homologous native gene expression. (bioone.org)
Various approaches to avoid or eliminate undesirable transgenes, most notably selectable marker genes used in plant transformation, have recently been developed. (bioone.org)
When we initiated this grant, we had already screened approximately 3000-4000 T-DNA mutagenized lines (Feldmann collection in ecotype Ws) for mutants that were resistant to Agrobacterium transformation (rat mutants). (purdue.edu)
Grant from BBRSC Community Resource for Wheat and Rice Transformation to transform rice with pMMO genes. (brookes.ac.uk)
This strain has a disarmed Ti plasmid pAL4404 plasmid, which only contains the T-DNA vir region (genes responsible for vir gene induction and T-DNA transfer), and is a widely used for plant transformation. (bestpfe.com)
This study presents a cisgenic approach used for the transformation of wheat with class I chitinase gene derived from T. aestivum cv. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)
Saratovskaya 29 were used for co-transformation with two independent Minimal Expression Units (MEUs): class I chitinase and Acetohydroxyacid Synthase (AHAS) gene. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)
The efficiency of transformation was calculated as the relation of regenerated plants with chitinase gene insert to the total number of calli in the experiment. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)
The high efficiency of co-transformation in the experiment promotes it as a very useful technique for the production of wheat lines, free of the selectable marker gene. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)

The enzyme 3-dehydroquinate synthase (EC 4.2.3.4) catalyzes the chemical reaction [[3-deoxy-D-arabino-hept-2-ulosonate 7-phosphate]] ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate The protein uses NAD+ to catalyze the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
3-Dehydroquinate synthase is the enzyme that catalyzes reaction in the second step of this pathway. (wikipedia.org)
3-Dehydroquinate synthase is a monomeric enzyme, and has a molecular weight of 39,000. (wikipedia.org)
3-dehydroquinate synthase is activated by inorganic phosphate, and requires NAD+ for activity, although the reaction in total is neutral when catalyzed by an enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
The new round up soy that is genetically engineered contains a new gene that codes for the EPSPS enzyme. (gmo-safety.eu)
Once the EPSPS enzyme is in the chloroplast, the chloroplast transit peptide is eliminated for the gene of interest to function. (gmo-safety.eu)
Knocking out SchF0, an enzyme involved in the assembly of enterobactin alone, significantly reduced bacterial fitness. (biomedcentral.com)
This reaction is catalyzed by the rate-limiting enzyme PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY), called crtB in bacteria ( Cunningham and Gantt, 1998 ). (frontiersin.org)
van Tieghem, and expression of this gene produces the enzyme 3-phytase. (cbd.int)

The gene of interest is the EPSPS gene that is derived from Agrobacterium. (gmo-safety.eu)
Thus, the EPSPS gene derived from Agrobacterium works in the soy plant through replacement with those that are recognized by the soy plant. (gmo-safety.eu)
At the front of the bacterial EPSPS gene in the roundup, soy is the regulatory sequence that directs the plant to switch genes on or off. (gmo-safety.eu)
At the end of the EPSPS gene is another regulatory gene that directs the gene of interest to end. (gmo-safety.eu)
The role of this gene is to direct the soy plant cell to transport the bacterial EPSPS gene into the chloroplast of the plant cell. (gmo-safety.eu)
With this GMO soy plant, standard molecular biotechnological methods were employed in demonstrating that a single complete copy of the bacterial EPSPS gene was present and flanked by two DNA sequences found in the genome of the roundup ready soy plant. (gmo-safety.eu)
However, it is important to note that roundup ready GM soy does not contain the antibiotic resistance gene, but the only gene that could potentially be transferred to the human digestive system is the bacterial EPSPS gene. (gmo-safety.eu)
This gene does not have any impact on the people's health since EPSPS gene in the GM soy plant functions in a similar manner as the one predominantly found in the bacterial gut. (gmo-safety.eu)
The genetically engineered soy is similar in structure as well as function to the naturally occurring soy plants while the EPSPS gene in plants and bacteria are also similar regarding the roles they play. (gmo-safety.eu)

This polysaccharide is produced by type 2 glycosyltransferases, called chitin synthases (CHS). (biomedcentral.com)
Many of the bacteria that have acquired a chitin synthase are plant pathogens (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial chitinases serve to hydrolyse chitin as food source or as defence mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
The members include cellulose synthase catalytic subunit, chitin synthase, glucan biosynthesis protein and other families of CESA-like proteins. (unl.edu)
Chitin synthase catalyzes the incorporation of GlcNAc from substrate UDP-GlcNAc into chitin, which is a linear homopolymer of beta-(1,4)-linked GlcNAc residues and Glucan Biosynthesis protein catalyzes the elongation of beta-1,2 polyglucose chains of Glucan. (unl.edu)

Both proteins were expressed using a construct in which a promoter was inserted upstream of each gene. (shengsci.com)
In this strains, the endogenous cytochrome P450 reductase gene (CPR) was replaced by the Arabidopsis thaliana reductases AtR1 or AtR2 (for WAT11 and WAT21 respectively) under the control of the GAL10-CYC1 promoter. (bestpfe.com)
To study the cis -regulatory elements present in the promoter region of Hd3a , we generated transgenic plants carrying the 1.75-kb promoter fragment of Hd3a that was fused to the β-glucuronidase ( GUS ) reporter gene. (molcells.org)

Agrobacterium vitis and Pseudomonas cichorii ). (biomedcentral.com)
Various pigments like carotenes, melanins, flavones, quinines and violacein[ 4 - 6 ] are produced by different bacterial genera like Serratia , Streptomyces , Pseudomonas , Bacillus , Vibrio and Cytophyga that play an important role in their molecular and physiological processes and help taxonomist to identify and classify the bacteria, as they differ in chemical structure with specific chromophores. (ijpsonline.com)

1. Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis rat mutants and molecular cloning of RAT genes (Gelvin, Citovsky, Hohn, and Ziemienowicz laboratories, with help from undergraduate students at Tuskegee University). (purdue.edu)
We report here gene expression changes in both Arabidopsis and its parasite Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) simultaneously during infection using a high-throughput RNA sequencing method. (prelekara.sk)
By resequencing Hpa isolate Waco9, we found it evades Arabidopsis resistance gene RPP1 through deletion of cognate recognized effector ATR1. (prelekara.sk)
We use Arabidopsis for forward genetic screens to identify genes important in the response to the wound-induced C6-volatile E -2-hexenal. (uva.nl)

3-Dehydroquinate synthase catalyzes the second step in the shikimate pathway, which is essential for the production of aromatic amino acids in bacteria, plants, and fungi, but not mammals. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is likely that several horizontal gene transfers (HGT) also occurred in eukaryotic microorganisms and, even more surprisingly, in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
This is referred to as NOS 3'' and is derived from nopaline synthase gene in bacteria but can function in plants. (gmo-safety.eu)
The issues that arise from the discovery and production of the GM roundup ready soy are mostly relevant to the potential transfer of the gene that confers antibiotic resistance from the GM soy foods to the gut of the bacteria. (gmo-safety.eu)
7 It is now known that there are several natural mechanisms for flow of genes, or (horizontal gene transfer), and that these occur in nature on a large scale - for example, it is a major mechanism for antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, and it occurs between plant species. (truthwiki.org)
Cellulose synthase catalyzes the polymerization reaction of cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues in plants, most algae, some bacteria and fungi, and even some animals. (unl.edu)
In bacteria, algae and lower eukaryotes, there is a second unrelated type of cellulose synthase (Type II), which produces acylated cellulose, a derivative of cellulose. (unl.edu)
This ability has not been lost on human bioengineers who remove the DNA that the bacteria wants to deliver and replaces it with the gene being studied. (rosslandtelegraph.com)

Over the last 15 years I have developed a research pathway in auxin biosynthesis going back to my degree and PhD work at the Technical University of Munich where I studied the nitrilase pathway in maize auxin biosynthesis and maize tryptophan synthase complex. (brookes.ac.uk)

These approaches include cotransformation with two independent T-DNAs or plasmid DNAs followed by their subsequent segregation, transposon-mediated DNA elimination, and most recently, attempts to replace bacterial T-DNA borders and selectable marker genes with functional equivalents of plant origin. (bioone.org)

The genes were introduced as an operon, but although mRNA was detected for both genes, no Cyt1Aa toxin was detected. (shengsci.com)
The cDNA libraries that this method produces can be used to discover the mRNA sequence of a known gene or to identify unknown genes in a pathway. (ucdavis.edu)

Genetically modified plant species or bacterial strains are created for various applications. (geneticeducation.co.in)

Further, we show Rv1987 has moon lighting functions in M. tuberculosis pathobiology signifying roles of bacterial cellulose binding clusters in infections. (bvsalud.org)
CESA_like is the cellulose synthase superfamily. (unl.edu)
The cellulose synthase (CESA) superfamily includes a wide variety of glycosyltransferase family 2 enzymes that share the common characteristic of catalyzing the elongation of polysaccharide chains. (unl.edu)
Cellulose synthase catalytic subunit A2 (CESA2) is a catalytic subunit or a catalytic subunit substitute of the cellulose synthase complex. (unl.edu)
Cellulose synthase (CESA) catalyzes the polymerization reaction of cellulose using UDP-glucose as the substrate. (unl.edu)

This often involves insertion of a gene of interest into living organisms depending on the species that you are working on. (gmo-safety.eu)
Amplification of the 16S rDNA and the 16S-23S inter- erythrocytic bacterial organisms were confirmed by TEM, genic spacer (ITS) regions was performed as described and SEM identified numerous pits, the morphologic char- earlier (2,3). (cdc.gov)
This area has given rise to organisms such as fish that glow in the dark due to the addition of jellyfish genes that cause fluorescence. (rosslandtelegraph.com)

These regulatory sequences do not code for any protein but rather plays a central role in the regulation of gene activity in the soy plant by either switching the genes on or switching them off. (gmo-safety.eu)
More specifically, the present invention concerns altering tolerance in plants to various environmental stresses and to increasing seed yield by modifying plant haemoglobin gene expression and/or by modifying plant haemoglobin protein levels. (allindianpatents.com)
2005. An ancestral oomycete locus contains late blight avirulence gene Avr3a, encoding a protein that is recognised in the host cytoplasm . (hutton.ac.uk)
Bio-steel is the product of another transgenic organism, goats that have had a spider gene inserted and extrude the silk-like protein as a component of their milk. (rosslandtelegraph.com)

Oomycetes were recently discovered as natural pathogens of Caenorhabditis elegans, and pathogen recognition alone was shown to be sufficient to activate a protective transcriptional program characterized by the expression of multiple chitinase-like (chil) genes. (bvsalud.org)
They have devised complex regulatory mechanisms responding to Fe 2+ unavailability that induce the expression of a series of genes to produce small iron chelators, termed siderophores [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], secrete them, and take up their iron-bound forms. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, once a transgenic event is obtained, molecular studies required for a commercial release by regulatory authorities, which include transgene insertion site, number of transgenes and gene expression levels, are all hindered by the genomic complexity and the lack of a complete sequenced reference genome for this crop. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, transient gene expression through viral vectors allowed the accumulation of carotenoids outside the plastid. (frontiersin.org)
Production of the fusion polypeptide involves the introduction of the hybrid gene into a biological host cell system, for example yeast cells, which permits the expression and accumulation of the fusion polypeptide. (justia.com)
Characterization of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene from the halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina and inhibition of its expression by RNAi. (shengsci.com)
By isolating RNA from tissue cultures of W. somnifera , the researchers were able to construct a transcript library and categorize it based on gene expression. (ucdavis.edu)
Using this data, the researchers extracted transcripts coding for enzymes in the withanolide pathway, and mapped expression of these genes in the plant tissues. (ucdavis.edu)
A comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interactions requires knowledge of the dynamics of gene expression changes in both the host and the pathogen during a time course of infection. (prelekara.sk)
Expression profiling of both pathogen effector genes and host genes involved in immunity allows us to suggest distinct mechanisms of effector-mediated susceptibility and reveals interesting Hpa effectors for detailed mechanistic investigation in future experiments. (prelekara.sk)
Heterologous expression of the genes for both uptake and catabolism of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid was required to enable growth of C. glutamicum with either aldohexuronic acid as the sole carbon source. (springeropen.com)
Plants expressing this construct conferred a vascular cell-specific expression pattern for the reporter gene. (molcells.org)
At later stages of development, expression of those repressors is reduced due to the function of regulatory genes farther upstream. (molcells.org)
ii) the expression of two key genes indicative of the P-starvation response and phosphate (Pi) uptake, TaIPS1 and TaPHT1.6-B1. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
The semi-quantitative gene expression analysis showed an overall lower expression of TaIPS1 in the inoculated plants and highest expression of TaPHT1.6-B1 in 12A inoculated plants. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
Wheat plants respond to fungal infection by expression of a whole set of pathogenesis-related genes (PR-genes). (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)

This is an indication that the right size and correct sequence of the gene of interest were genetically engineered into the soy plant to confer resistance to herbicides. (gmo-safety.eu)
14 Since then important traits have been introduced into wheat, including dwarfing genes and rust resistance. (truthwiki.org)
israelensis (Bti), whose product synergizes other mosquitocidal toxins, and functions as a repressor of resistance developed by mosquitoes against Bacilli insecticides, was introduced into the aquatic Gram-negative bacterium Asticcacaulis excentricus alongside the cry11Aa gene. (shengsci.com)
Bacterial resistance against antibiotic treatment has become a major threat to public health. (springeropen.com)

Genomes from higher plants harbor multiple CESA genes. (unl.edu)

However, in the case of the roundup soy, plant cells often do not recognize the regulatory genes derived from bacterial cells. (gmo-safety.eu)

A bacterial strain producing two antimicrobial peptides was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on both phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis. (springeropen.com)

This indicated that the new gene of interest was stable and had integrated itself well into the Soy genome. (gmo-safety.eu)
There is also no evidence that points at the ability of the new gene in GM soy having a potential to integrate into the DNA genome of humans and thus poses no known health hazard. (gmo-safety.eu)
New metabolic engineering approaches have recently been developed to modulate carotenoid content, including the employment of CRISPR technologies for single-base editing and the integration of exogenous genes into specific "safe harbors" in the genome. (frontiersin.org)
This review focuses on recent reports demonstrating the elimination of undesirable transgenes (essentially selectable marker and recombinase genes) from the plant genome and concomitant activation of a silent transgene (e.g., a reporter gene) mediated by different site-specific recombinases driven by constitutive or chemically, environmentally or developmentally regulated promoters. (bioone.org)

The aim of this is to introduce the novel gene of interest through the cell wall so that it integrates into the genetic material of the soy plant. (gmo-safety.eu)
19 In 1987, Plant Genetic Systems (Ghent, Belgium), founded by Marc Van Montagu and Jeff Schell, was the first company to develop genetically engineered (tobacco) plants with insect tolerance by expressing genes encoding for insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). (truthwiki.org)
These techniques are based upon the preparation of hybrid genes, i. e. genes comprising genetic material encoding the polypeptide of interest linked to genetic material additional to the gene of interest. (justia.com)
GMOs are created by genetic engineering techniques such as gene transfer, gene knockout or knockin and recombinant DNA. (geneticeducation.co.in)
Despite the initial enthusiasm and multiple clinical trials, there is still no FDA-approved gene therapy for CF. This review details the history of CF gene therapy and outlines the progress toward the development of a genetic treatment for all people with CF. The cover image is a 3D rendering of a newborn pig lung CT image (image reconstructed by Carley Stewart). (mdpi.com)

This study shows the natural occurrence of serratiochelins, photobactin, enterobactin, and aerobactin in a single bacterial species and illuminates the interplay between siderophore biosynthetic pathways and polyamine production, indicating routes of molecular diversification. (biomedcentral.com)

These genes include, Heading date 3a ( Hd3a ) and Rice FT 1 ( RFT1 ) in rice, which are specifically expressed in the vascular tissues of leaves at the floral transition stage. (molcells.org)

Interestingly genes annotated as chitinases are widely distributed among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species, clinical isolates and other human pathogens M. abscessus and M. ulcerans. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial species diversity in cigarettes linked to an investigation of severe pneumonitis in U.S. Military personnel deployed in operation iraqi freedom. (shengsci.com)
As the public acceptance of transgenic plants remains low, a novel approach - cisgenesis - is being developed to introduce the genes from the same or closely related species. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)

The cyt1Aa gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. (shengsci.com)

A gene conferring tolerance to, for example, osmotic stress may therefore also confer tolerance to cold and drought stresses. (allindianpatents.com)
Stepnaya 15, co-transformed with acetohydroxyacid synthase gene that provides tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)

glucuronidase (gus) as a reporter gene. (ku.ac.th)

Glyphosate inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase), which ultimately blocks the production of aromatic amino acids, and, without aromatic amino acids, plants cannot survive. (wikipedia.org)
Monsanto introduced this gene into plants using agrobacterium and the result was a plant that was resistant to Roundup. (wikipedia.org)
This meant that all plants without the bacterial gene would die, leading a much higher degree of weed control. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, the novel gene introduced into the roundup ready soy was assessed in the third and the sixth generation of soy plants using biotechnological approaches. (gmo-safety.eu)
Current trends and future prospects for optimization of excision-activation machinery and its practical implementation for the generation of transgenic plants and plant products free of undesired genes are discussed. (bioone.org)

Bacterial siderophores are small molecules with unmatched capacity to scavenge iron from proteins and the extracellular milieu, where it mostly occurs as insoluble Fe 3+ . (biomedcentral.com)

The most studied and straightforward PR-genes are hydrolytic enzymes, such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)

It also highlights the importance of HGT in the evolutionary history of CHS and describes bacterial chs genes for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)

This was recently followed up by the identification and characterization of all terpene synthases in tomato. (uva.nl)

In a recent study, researchers analyzed Withania somnifera leaf and root tissue cultures to construct a gene database for the withanolide production pathway. (ucdavis.edu)

Spiking a Silty-Sand Reference Soil with Bacterial DNA: Limits and Pitfalls in the Discrimination of Live and Dead Cells When Applying Ethidium Monoazide (EMA) Treatment. (shengsci.com)

We report that Serratia plymuthica V4 produces a variety of siderophores, which we term the siderome , and which are assembled by the concerted action of enzymes encoded in two independent gene clusters. (biomedcentral.com)
The enzymes encoded by one of the gene clusters can independently assemble enterobactin. (biomedcentral.com)

Through 454 and GS-flex sequencing of trichome cDNAs of wild tomatoes we identified the corresponding terpenoid synthases. (uva.nl)
Using the antisense RNA technology, the ripening genes for tomatoes were silenced which facilitated delayed ripening. (geneticeducation.co.in)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of cisgenic bread wheat, where both target and selectable genes are derived from wheat. (openbiotechnologyjournal.com)

However, Monsanto developed a bacterial form of EPSP synthase that was not inhibited by Roundup. (wikipedia.org)
The figure above demonstrates the manner in which gene regulation takes place in the roundup soy. (gmo-safety.eu)

Another regulatory sequence that is introduced into the soy plant is the chloroplast transit peptide gene that is derived from a petunia. (gmo-safety.eu)

3-Dehydroquinate synthase utilizes a complex multi-step mechanism that includes alcohol oxidation, phosphate β-elimination, carbonyl reduction, ring opening, and intramolecular aldol condensation. (wikipedia.org)

With yeast-1-hybrid we have identified a transcription factor that specifically can upregulate certain terpene synthases in the glandular trichomes of tomato. (uva.nl)

Other names in common use include 5-dehydroquinate synthase, 5-dehydroquinic acid synthetase, dehydroquinate synthase, 3-dehydroquinate synthetase, 3-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate phosphate-lyase, (cyclizing), and 3-deoxy-arabino-heptulonate-7-phosphate phosphate-lyase (cyclizing). (wikipedia.org)

The phytase gene was obtained from Aspergillus niger var. (cbd.int)

Carotenoids such as bacterioruberin, which plays a role as a biological pigment and in bacterial metabolite have been isolated from Halorubrum sp. (ijpsonline.com)

Anatomy6

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