• During the fast stage of the resulting nystagmic movements all agonistic fibres can be completely inhibited and all antagonistic ones can be activated, usually for a period of about 0.5 sec. (caltech.edu)
  • 1. Among the optomotor fibres to the eye muscles in Carcinus a class was found which responds to unidirectional fast rotations around various body axes. (caltech.edu)
  • 3. For rotations around the ventro-dorsal axis, but not for other directions, mediumsized fibres are present which, in contrast to the fast fibres, respond to visual stimulation, as well as to body rotations in darkness, thus combining the input properties of the unidirectional fast rotatory and the unidirectional purely optokinetic small fibres. (caltech.edu)
  • Two eye muscle motor fibres, also under statocyst control, are influenced by light on the limited sensory fields of two pairs of identifiable sustaining fibres. (caltech.edu)
  • The two motor fibres, which innervate antagonistic muscles, are reversely excited and inhibited by these fields. (caltech.edu)
  • It was found that the primary sensory fibres of the dorsal muscle receptor organs, entering through the second root, send out an anterior branch to the brain and a posterior one to the last ganglion. (caltech.edu)
  • 4. For the majority of the interneurones which innervate more than two abdominal segments it has been proved that they synapse with primary sensory fibres in each of the ganglia that these enter. (caltech.edu)
  • The functions of the five fibres innervating the flexor muscle of the carpopodite was investigated in Panulirus interruptus. (caltech.edu)
  • It is concluded that all four contractions take place in all the muscle fibres and that the conception of the mechanism of crustacean nerve muscle system developed before is enlarged to include the new results. (caltech.edu)
  • An extension of the last fibre can, in a number of cases, be seen to join two fibres for the adductor of the dactylopodite, making the innervation of this muscle complete. (caltech.edu)
  • It is shown for the flexor of the carpopodite that each of the three fibres of this "completely" innervated muscle has a different function. (caltech.edu)
  • As slow twitch muscle fibres, are exhausted, the faster twitch muscles are automatically recruted to take over. (uphillathlete.com)
  • central fibres lacked TnT 1 , which is characteristic of slow-twitch (S 1 ) fibres. (biologists.com)
  • In the central nervous system, lower motor neurons are selectively affected, whereas pathology of patients and animal models also indicates involvement of skeletal muscle including loss of fasttwitch type 2 fibres and increased slow-twitch type 1 fibres, together with a glycolytic-to-oxidative metabolic switch. (kennedysdisease.org)
  • These data are in line with the repeated transition from red slow to white fast muscle fibres observed in agricultural species selected on mass and FE. (1library.net)
  • Below this is a circular, and below that again a longitudinal, layer of muscle fibres. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Many of the muscle fibres show numerous droplets of oil seen as dark round granules. (yourdictionary.com)
  • beneath this is a basement membrane, and then a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres which are limited inside by a layer of peritoneal cells. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Long-lasting (fatiguing) activity of isolated muscle fibres influenced by microwave electromagnetic field. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • The fast closer contraction of Cambarus and the fast closer and fast bender contraction of Pachygrapsus were found to be uninhibitable, i.e. no effect of inhibition whatsoever was noticed on any of these contractions. (caltech.edu)
  • Such muscles are innervated by two motor fibers only, each causing a different type of contraction. (caltech.edu)
  • One of these, resulting from stimulation of the thicker fiber, is termed the "fast" contraction, while the other is called the "slow. (caltech.edu)
  • In this case, a single impulse in the thicker motor fiber causes a twitch-like contraction, and the system behaves in almost all respects as does a single motor unit of a vertebrate muscle: single shocks of different strengths give twitches of a considerable strength and a constant height, and during tetanic contraction the action currents are all of the same magnitude. (caltech.edu)
  • In contrast to this, single shocks given to the thinner fiber produce no visible response in the muscle, but faradic stimulation causes action currents which grow in height and a contraction with a long latent period. (caltech.edu)
  • The action currents in this case are always much smaller than those of the fast contraction. (caltech.edu)
  • The chemical changes occurring in the adductor muscle of the cheliped of the crayfish Cambarus clarkii during these two types of contraction were investigated in order to obtain evidence on two possible mechanisms by which the two contractions might occur in the same muscle fiber. (caltech.edu)
  • Stimulation of the thick fibre causes a response, which, though it is not always faster than the response of the thin fibre, must be considered as a "fast" contraction. (caltech.edu)
  • In Randallia and in Blepharipoda the slow contraction is higher than the fast with frequencies of less than ± 50 per sec., in Cancer with frequencies less than 100 per sec. (caltech.edu)
  • A single impulse in the thick fibre does not cause a contraction, but sets up a muscle-action current. (caltech.edu)
  • Stimulation of the thickest fibre gives a fast contraction, stimulation of the second in size a slow contraction and stimulation of the third fibre, the smallest, causes inhibition. (caltech.edu)
  • So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)
  • All these improvements combine to protect the mdx muscle from contraction-induced damage and enhance physiological function. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • This addressed the primary cause of fiber degeneration and increased muscle stability in hind-limb muscles of the mdx mouse, which resulted in reduced regeneration and necrosis, enhanced protection of the muscle against contraction-induced damage and improved muscle function. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • They can do a short, single contraction ( twitch ) or a long, sustained contraction ( tetanus ). (howstuffworks.com)
  • The basic action of any muscle is contraction . (howstuffworks.com)
  • All that any muscle can do is create contraction force. (howstuffworks.com)
  • thus, creatine phosphate-derived ATP powers the first few seconds of muscle contraction. (rxcostore.com)
  • Once innervated, the protein filaments inside every skeletal muscle fiber slide past when no weapons are at hand osrs one another to provide a contraction, which is defined by the sliding filament theory. (rxcostore.com)
  • The contraction produced could be described as a twitch, summation, or tetanus, depending on the frequency of motion potentials. (rxcostore.com)
  • Nerves control the contraction of muscles by determining the number, sequence, and force of muscular contraction. (rxharun.com)
  • This is due to its action involving motor unit activation of muscle fibers and subsequent muscle contraction, as well as due to its mental sharpness benefits. (coresn.fit)
  • This regulation of turgor is as characteristic of vegetable protoplasm as contraction is of muscle . (yourdictionary.com)
  • Its benefits of painless stimulation as well as deeply activated muscular contraction could be expected to function as a new model for rehabilitation of paralyzed muscles. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and muscle fiber. (intechopen.com)
  • It is generally accepted to consider this contact only as a specialized morpho-functional structure, where chemical transmission (via release of the acetylcholine (ACh)) of electrical signal from motor neuron to muscle fiber occurs, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. (intechopen.com)
  • However, due to the significant progress in the improvement and application of electrophysiological, genetic, pharmacological, biochemical and immunohistochemical methods a number of previously unknown aspects of neuron and muscle interaction were revealed. (intechopen.com)
  • A single motor neuron is prepared to innervate multiple muscle fibers, thereby causing the fibers to contract on the similar time. (rxcostore.com)
  • In the crayfish and lobster opener neuromuscular preparations of the walking legs and claws, there are regional differences in synaptic transmission even though the entire muscle is innervated by a single excitatory tonic motor neuron. (biologists.com)
  • The claw and leg opener muscles in the crayfish and lobster provide preparations in which regional differences in synaptic strength and muscle fibre phenotype can be compared, since the postsynaptic responses differ among regions of the muscle even though it is innervated by a single excitatory tonic motor neuron. (biologists.com)
  • A motor unit comprises a motor neuron in the spinal cord or brainstem together with the squad of muscle fibers it innervates. (medscape.com)
  • Any elite performance is an outcome of the melding of your brain, with its synapses, both neuron & chemical, firing synergistically to command your body, with its muscles and everything they attach to, to perform the outcome you demand of it, of yourself. (coresn.fit)
  • Each fiber is a single cell in close contact with a motor neuron. (pearson.com)
  • An action potential traveling down a motor neuron initiates an action potential in the muscle cell. (pearson.com)
  • The cells are linked to one another through chemicals called neurotransmitters that move across the synapses to the next neuron. (webmd.com)
  • Also, the amount of muscle tissue must be normal, and the tissue must be able to contract in response to the signal from the nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, true weakness results only when one or more part of this pathway―brain, spinal cord, nerves, muscles, or the connections between them―is damaged or diseased. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Moving a muscle usually involves communication between the muscle and the brain through nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
  • At the neuromuscular junction (where nerves connect to muscles), the impulse crosses from the motor nerve to receptors on the motor end plate of the muscle, where the impulse stimulates the muscle to move. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In gross anatomy, the nerves to skeletal muscles are branches of mixed peripheral nerves. (medscape.com)
  • Damage to nerves in the feet leads to improper flexion and extension functions of foot muscles. (bladeresearchinc.com)
  • Fibers called nerves carry important messages back and forth between your body and your brain . (webmd.com)
  • In the peripheral nervous system, acetylcholine is the transmitter that carries signals between motor nerves and skeletal muscles. (serotalin.de)
  • The serum level of creatinine starts to decrease before the onset of muscle weakness, followed by the emergence of hand tremor, a prodromal sign of the disease. (kennedysdisease.org)
  • Weakness refers to loss of muscle strength. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have true or perceived muscle weakness. (rxharun.com)
  • True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. (rxharun.com)
  • Central muscle fatigue manifests as an overall sense of energy deprivation, and peripheral muscle weakness manifests as a local, muscle-specific inability to do work. (rxharun.com)
  • Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relatively rare acquired, autoimmune disorder caused by an antibody-mediated blockade of neuromuscular transmission resulting in skeletal muscle weakness and rapid muscle fatigue. (medscape.com)
  • Motor neuropathy refers to physical or structural changes that occur and symptoms may include muscle weakness, loss of control of coordination, muscle twitching, and muscle paralysis. (bladeresearchinc.com)
  • Robbin's text on pathology also contains sections on mitochondrial myopathy, stating that this kind of muscle wasting results in severe weakness. (yourdictionary.com)
  • A diet deficient in potassium may lead to symptoms like fatigue and weakness in muscles. (health-mall.in)
  • Stimulation of this axon results, when appropriate stimuli are used, in two types of contractions comparable with the fast and slow contractions of doubly motor-innervated crustacean muscles. (caltech.edu)
  • The effectiveness with which different contractions in a number of muscles can be inhibited was investigated. (caltech.edu)
  • The most striking difference between the two contractions is found in the adductor muscle of the cheliped of the crayfish. (caltech.edu)
  • In the first place, two contractile substances might be present, a "phasic" and a "tonic" one, analogous to those supposed by Botazzi (4) in the vertebrate striated muscle, or the same substance might contract in both cases, the difference between the contractions being due solely to differences in the transmission mechanism between the nerve impulse and the contractile substance. (caltech.edu)
  • When the muscle contractions are full, ATP is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and enters the cytoplasm. (rxcostore.com)
  • In vertebrates, skeletal muscle contractions are neurogenic as they require synaptic input from motor neurons. (rxcostore.com)
  • Repetitive stimulation with interstimulus interval of 200 ms was applied on isolated frog muscle fibre to evoke intracellular action potentials and twitch contractions. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • When a person is bitten by a black widow, acetylcholine levels increase dramatically, which can lead to severe muscle contractions, convulsions, paralysis, and even death. (serotalin.de)
  • The only ways for you to express an idea are with the muscles of your larynx, mouth and tongue (spoken words), with the muscles of your fingers (written words or 'talking with your hands') or with the skeletal muscles (body language, dancing, running, building or fighting, to name a few). (howstuffworks.com)
  • Skeletal muscles attach to the skeleton and come in pairs -- one muscle to move the bone in one direction and another to move it back the other way. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Skeletal muscles can vary greatly in size depending on location and responsibility. (medscape.com)
  • The autoimmune attack occurs when autoantibodies form against the nicotinic acetylcholine postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • One of the main functions of thereby is to transmit signals from motor neurons to the skeletal muscles of the body. (serotalin.de)
  • The influence of the excited state of the animal on various motor neurone discharges and accompanying muscle action potentials was studied in the eyestalk of the crab, Carcinus maenas. (caltech.edu)
  • This sensory information is sent to the brain, and the brain may send a message to the muscle about how to respond. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The impulse crosses a synapse (the junction between two nerve cells) between the sensory nerve and a nerve cell in the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The impulse crosses a synapse in the thalamus to nerve fibers that carry the impulse to the sensory cortex of the cerebrum (the area that receives and interprets information from sensory receptors). (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is shown that the opener muscle of the hermit crab, Eupagurus bernhardus L., receives a single motor axon. (caltech.edu)
  • In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)
  • In the reported study, SMT022357 treatment for five weeks resulted in increased utrophin expression, localized along the entire length of the muscle fiber membrane in both slow- and fast-twitch muscles. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • When examined in cross-section, a typical muscle cell reveals between 4 and 6 nuclei, which lie just underneath the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber, the sarcolemma. (medscape.com)
  • As will be seen, these levels are hierarchically structured, beginning with the molecular dynamics of intrinsic membrane proteins and proceeding upward, through the switching properties of active membrane patches and synapses, the emergence of impulses on active fibers, overall properties of individual neurons, and the growth of functional assemblies of interacting neurons, to the global dynamics of a brain. (bookboxpdf.com)
  • Potassium works with sodium in all cells including at nerve synapses to maintain or restore membrane potentials and to assist in metabolic processes. (health-mall.in)
  • PSCs of fast-twitch muscle fibers have higher Calcium levels in response to synapse innervation when compared to slow-twitch PSCs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The physiological and anatomical features of the innervation of the four most distal muscles in the legs of Eupagurus are described. (caltech.edu)
  • A double motor innervation has been shown for several muscles of marine crustaceans. (caltech.edu)
  • The innervation of the muscles of the cheliped of Cambarus clarkii has been investigated both anatomically and physiologically. (caltech.edu)
  • It is found that at least three of the six principal muscles of the cheliped show a triple innervation. (caltech.edu)
  • The impulse crosses a synapse between the nerve fibers in the spinal cord and a motor nerve, which is located in the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It was further found that the two medial giant fibers in fresh, carefully dissected, preparations show a functional connection in the brain. (caltech.edu)
  • Motor points have been identified for all major muscle groups for the purpose of functional electrical stimulation by physical therapists, in order to increase muscle power. (medscape.com)
  • These changes include elongation, polarization, aggregation and fusion, which ultimately give rise to functional muscle. (biologists.com)
  • Slow and quick twitch muscle fibers have different contractile properties, which is why they're classified as "slow" or "fast" twitch, respectively. (rxcostore.com)
  • This causes contractile dysfunction that manifests in the eventual reduction or lack of ability of a single muscle or local group of muscles to do work. (rxharun.com)
  • It is at the level of the myofiber where the basic contractile element of muscle, the sarcomere, is found. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to the nuclei, other key structures that are specific to muscle cells within the sarcoplasm include sarcoplasmic reticulum and the contractile apparatus made of thick and thin filaments. (medscape.com)
  • This behaviour explains the functionally unusual breast muscle metabolism of the ancestral birds such as the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) progenitor of modern domestic chickens, which is dominated by explosive, fast twitch contractile isoforms and a relatively low oxidative capacity metabolism. (1library.net)
  • The sarcomere is the contractile unit of muscle. (pearson.com)
  • It is probable that, under natural conditions, both medial giant fibers are always active at the same time. (caltech.edu)
  • When a nerve experiences synaptic fatigue it becomes unable to stimulate the muscle that it innervates. (rxharun.com)
  • Predict who would likely have a greater proportion of fast glycolytic fibers in their gastrocnemius (calf) muscle-an elite distance runner or an elite sprinter. (pearson.com)
  • Because the neuronal transmitter plays an important role in muscle actions, drugs that affect this transmitter can cause various degrees of movement disorders or even paralysis. (serotalin.de)
  • He described PSCs as "arborisation nuclei" due to their many projections into the synapse seen under the microscope. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cells were distinguished from muscle fibre nuclei and the motor end plate, making the third component of the tripartite synaptic model. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cerebellar input arrives from climbing and mossy fibers to stimulate neurons in the deep nuclei and the cortex, in which climbing fibers stimulate Purkinje cells directly and granule cells excited by mossy fibers stimulate Purkinje cells by way of parallel fibers. (jneurosci.org)
  • Each fiber contains multiple nuclei, which are pushed to the periphery of the cell. (medscape.com)
  • Every millimeter of muscle fiber contains approximately 30 nuclei. (medscape.com)
  • This suggests that while a combination of Piezo2 and other Na V isoforms is sufficient to elicit activity in response to transient stimuli, Na V 1.1 is required for transmission of receptor potentials generated during sustained muscle stretch. (elifesciences.org)
  • These studies in the mdx mouse demonstrate that oral administration of SMT022357 leads to increased utrophin expression in skeletal, respiratory and cardiac muscles. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • Cardiac muscle is found only in your heart, and its big features are endurance and consistency . (howstuffworks.com)
  • Muscle fibers can broadly be divided into 3 muscles types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
  • 2. Delineate between the 3 types of muscle (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth)? (fsu.edu)
  • As mentioned in the development section, Schwann cell precursors accompany growing axons as they reach their associated muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each of these muscles in the unregenerated claw is innervated by three axons only. (caltech.edu)
  • increased nodal persistent sodium and reduced potassium currents that may accelerate motor neuronal death and differently affect axons-innervating different muscles. (kennedysdisease.org)
  • Only 60% of the axons in the nerve to a given muscle are motor to the muscle fibers that make up the bulk of the muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The nerve supply branches within the muscle belly, forming a plexus from which groups of axons emerge to supply the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • The axons supply single motor endplates placed about halfway along the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • We show the progesterone receptor localises to the mitochondria in a quail muscle cell line. (1library.net)
  • Because the progesterone receptor can localise to avian mitochondria, our data continue to point to muscle mitochondrial metabolism as an important component of the phenotypic expression of variation in broiler FE. (1library.net)
  • as well as improving the performance of fast-twitch muscles needed for explosive movements such as: clean & jerks, sprinting, box jumps. (coresn.fit)
  • The neurotransmitter has an influence on memory and brain activities as well as on all muscle movements in the body. (serotalin.de)
  • one fibre gives branches to each of the muscles, a second to the abductor only, and a third to the extensor. (caltech.edu)
  • This makes these muscles two parts of one motor unit, each part having its own inhibitory fibre. (caltech.edu)
  • The study aims to clarify the effect of exposure to microwave electromagnetic field (MMW) on muscle fibre fatigue. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • After their recording muscle fibre preparation was moved in a Petri dish with radius of 28 mm on open air for one hour exposure to continuous MMW with frequency of 2.45 GHz and power density of 20 mW/cm2. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • MMW (2.45 GHz) have a specific, non-thermal influence on muscle fibre activity resulting in some resistance to fatigue. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • Fibers have been observed to be deficient along the posterior aspect of the urethra. (medscape.com)
  • Investigations using ultrasonographic imaging of the urethra also have confirmed a paucity of muscle bulk along the posterior urethra. (medscape.com)
  • Myofibrils contain two types of filaments that run along the long axis of the fiber, and these filaments are arranged in hexagonal patterns. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Yeast actin filaments display ATP-dependent sliding movement over surfaces coated with rabbit muscle myosin. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Muscles can also be classified according to their relationship with a tendon. (medscape.com)
  • When the muscles fibers and the associated tendon are arranged along the same axis, the muscle is termed a parallel muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Some muscles are spread out over a large area and converge on a relatively small tendon, appropriately termed convergent muscles (eg, pectoralis muscles of the chest). (medscape.com)
  • Unipennate muscles insert on only one side of the tendon. (medscape.com)
  • Bipennate muscles have muscles fibers inserting at an angle on both sides of a central tendon. (medscape.com)
  • One, the quadratus or bursalis muscle , arises from the hinder surface of the eyeball, and forms with its narrow margin, which is directed towards the optic nerve, a pulley for the long tendon of the pyramidalis muscle . (yourdictionary.com)
  • Tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle sending a strong vinculum to that of the flexor profundus muscle , the tendon of which goes to the third toe only. (yourdictionary.com)
  • We have here the interesting fact that a muscle (portion of the triceps humeri of the reptiles) has been reduced to a tendon, which in a secondary way has become connected with cutaneous muscles, which, when strongly developed, represent its belly. (yourdictionary.com)
  • This article mainly focuses on the end organ of this complex interaction, the muscle fiber (myofiber). (medscape.com)
  • In all other systems, including every system of Panulirus, no reduction of the muscle action potential is obtained. (caltech.edu)
  • Upon modulation of utrophin protein with the second-generation utrophin modulator SMT022357, in-vivo models of DMD showed significantly improved muscle stability and a marked reduction of the muscle regeneration, necrosis and fibrosis that are at the core of DMD pathology. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • The central fatigue is generally described in terms of a reduction in the neural drive or nerve-based motor command to working muscles that results in a decline in the force output. (rxharun.com)
  • Not a single muscle of his face--which in those days was still thin--moved. (yourdictionary.com)
  • The Pseudolamellibranchia included the oyster, scallop and their allies which formerly constituted the order Monomyaria, having only a single large adductor muscle or in addition a very small anterior adductor. (yourdictionary.com)
  • For example, when you think about moving your arm using your biceps muscle, your brain sends a signal down a nerve cell telling your biceps muscle to contract. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The impetus to move a muscle may originate in the brain, as when a person consciously decides to move a muscle-for example, to pick up a book. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acetyl-L-carnitine enhances your body's mitochondrial function (mitochondria are the powerhouses of your cells) and cognition by creating more energy for your muscles and brain. (thepatchremedy.com)
  • Strong blood flow is an essential part of muscle and brain function, and Acetyl-L-Carnitine can increase circulation and nutrient rich blood flow after a high-fat meal. (thepatchremedy.com)
  • Bacopa Monnieri plays an important role in brain and muscle function. (thepatchremedy.com)
  • In this episode, Dr. Huberman describes how our brain and nervous system control muscle tissue and how to leverage that for muscle maintenance, growth (hypertrophy) and recovery. (hubermanlab.com)
  • When the brain initiates an impulse to move a muscle , the impulse passes through the basal ganglia. (parkinsonsdaily.com)
  • Apart from acting as an electrolyte, this mineral is required for keeping heart, brain, kidney, muscle tissues and other important organs of human body in good condition. (health-mall.in)
  • This article provides insight into the importance of a voltage-gated sodium channel in proprioceptors, a group of mechanosensory neurons that target muscle. (elifesciences.org)
  • It has been shown that stimulation of synapses of the giant motor fibers of the third roots of Cambarus clarkii can block transmission at other synapses located on the same fiber. (caltech.edu)
  • Both show facilitation, but under the same conditions of stimulation the fast-action currents are higher. (caltech.edu)
  • The cross-sectional space, the size of the muscle fiber at relaxation, and the frequency of neural stimulation. (rxcostore.com)
  • How will that affect skeletal muscle stimulation? (easynotecards.com)
  • The influence of pulsed magnetic stimulation on denervated muscles was investigated in this study. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • Type II fiber atrophy was retarded in denervated muscles by magnetic stimulation as well as in denervated muscles via electric stimulation. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • The urethra is composed of an inner epithelial lining, a spongy submucosa, a middle smooth muscle layer, and an outer fibroelastic connective-tissue layer. (medscape.com)
  • Gross inspection of a skeletal muscle reveals collections of muscle fascicles surrounded by a layer connective tissue termed the epimysium. (medscape.com)
  • Each muscle fascicle represents a group of muscle fibers bound together by a layer of connective tissue termed the perimysium. (medscape.com)
  • Damage in the muscle causes the release of pigment called myoglobin into the bloodstream where it is transported to the kidneys. (yourdictionary.com)
  • In large muscles (eg, the flexors of the hip or knee), each motor unit contains 1200 or more muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • The smooth muscle of the urethra is arranged longitudinally and obliquely with only a few circular fibers. (medscape.com)
  • The voluntary urethral sphincter actually is a group of circular muscle fibers and muscular loops within the pelvic floor. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, some muscles are circular in shape and contract around an opening. (medscape.com)
  • Examples of skeletal circular muscles include the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi. (medscape.com)
  • A synapse is a very small space filled with fluid that exists between each nerve cell. (badfeelingsgoaway.com)
  • Histologic examination of the striated urethral sphincter indicates the muscle complex largely surrounds the urethra in an incomplete fashion. (medscape.com)
  • But once they started to look at the material, they realized that they were seeing nerve cells and fibers stained with a sharpness and readability not seen before, what one would call a technical breakthrough. (dnahelix.com)
  • Although they work differently than a car engine or an electric motor , muscles do the same thing -- they turn energy into motion . (howstuffworks.com)
  • The branches enter the muscles about one third of the way along their length, at motor points. (medscape.com)
  • The neurotransmitter is found in all motor neurons, where it stimulates muscle cells to contract (this is also called excitation transmission). (serotalin.de)
  • The characteristics of PSCs are based on both external synaptic properties and internal glial properties, where the internal characteristics of PSCs develop based on the associated synapse, for example: the PSCs of a fast-twitch muscle fiber differ from the PSCs of a slow-twitch muscle fiber even when removed from their natural synaptic environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • in spring it was slow and in summer much quicker. (caltech.edu)
  • I am fast twitch dominant, and so have less slow twitch endurance potential than many others. (uphillathlete.com)
  • Are there any indicators of when slow twitch muscles tire and faster twitch take over? (uphillathlete.com)
  • Because they are composed primarily of slow-twitch muscle fibers, these muscles serve ideally to maintain resting urethral closure. (medscape.com)
  • This is contrary to expectation based on the slow muscle isoform data and theoretical physiological capacity arguments. (1library.net)
  • As a result, the basal ganglia cannot control muscle movement as they normally do, leading to tremor, slow movement , a tendency to move less , problems with posture and walking, and some loss of coordination. (parkinsonsdaily.com)
  • These two muscles emanate from the anterolateral aspect of the distal half to distal third of the urethra and arch over its anterior or ventral surface. (medscape.com)
  • Perisynaptic Schwann Cells (PSCs) contribute to the tripartite synapse organization in combination with the pre-synaptic nerve and the post-synaptic muscle fiber. (wikipedia.org)
  • A muscle is a bundle of many cells called fibers . (howstuffworks.com)
  • You can think of muscle fibers as long cylinders , and compared to other cells in your body, muscle fibers are quite big. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Thus, fast repolarization in Purkinje cells appears important for normal movement velocity, whereas DCN neurons are a prime candidate locus where fast repolarization is necessary for normal gait patterning. (jneurosci.org)
  • The spaces between these cells are called synapses. (webmd.com)
  • It is thought to be very important for keeping nerve cells from firing too quickly, which can happen in times of worry, stress, and fear. (badfeelingsgoaway.com)
  • Potassium is critical to our cardiovascular and nerve functioning, regulating the transfer of nutrients into cells and facilitating muscle energy. (health-mall.in)
  • Methods were devised for the rapid removal of the stimulated cheliped to liquid air and for the analysis of the frozen muscle tissue. (caltech.edu)
  • Muscle tissue can be divided functionally and morphologically ( striated or non-striated). (rxcostore.com)
  • A well-known example of a bipennate muscle is the rectus femoris. (medscape.com)
  • Both are supplied by the abducens nerve, together with the rectus externus muscle . (yourdictionary.com)
  • For example, most of us know about the biceps muscles in our arms. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Cylindrical muscles typically have greater mass at the center of the muscle, leading to a central body or muscle belly (eg, biceps brachii). (medscape.com)
  • Potassium helps control convulsions, headaches and migraines, promotes faster healing of cuts, bruises and other injuries and generally contributes to a sense of well being. (health-mall.in)
  • Potassium is stored in the muscles. (health-mall.in)
  • Body builders use a 'potassium load' to give their muscles more energy but there is no scientific proof of its effectiveness. (health-mall.in)
  • Here we show that, concurrent with a decrease in chondrogenesis, inhibition of p38 in limb bud cultures dramatically promotes muscle development. (biologists.com)