CholelithiasisBiliary colicAsymptomaticCholecystitisCholedocholithiasisComplicationsBile ductBilirubinInflammationStonesOccurUltrasoundPancreatitisAdultsRight upper quadranNauseaMechanicalInfectionPresenceDiagnosisCommonlyDiabetesIntestinalSymptomsFormed within the gallbladderMildUrineFormationConditionCommonPainOutpatientDiseaseRiskSurgeryYearIncludeTreatmentExperienceProblemsBloodThroatFamily
Cholelithiasis6
- Cholelithiasis involves the presence of gallstones (see the image below), which are concretions that form in the biliary tract, usually in the gallbladder. (medscape.com)
- The term cholelithiasis may refer to the presence of gallstones or to any disease caused by gallstones, and choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of migrated gallstones within bile ducts. (wikipedia.org)
- Biliary colic , also known as symptomatic cholelithiasis , a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack , is when a colic (sudden pain) occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the cystic duct . (wikipedia.org)
- Cholecystitis is one of the most common complications of cholelithiasis (calculous cholecystitis) but inflammation without gallstones (acalculous cholecystitis) can occur in a minority of patients. (lecturio.com)
- Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of abnormal concretions ( gallstones ) in the gallbladder . (amboss.com)
- Symptomatic cholelithiasis is managed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy . (amboss.com)
Biliary colic4
- [3] Of those with gallstones, biliary colic occurs in 1 to 4% each year. (wikipedia.org)
- [3] About 15% of people with biliary colic eventually develop inflammation of the gallbladder if not treated. (wikipedia.org)
- [6] Patients usually have normal vital signs with biliary colic, whereas patients with cholecystitis are usually febrile and more ill appearing. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients are commonly asymptomatic but may present with biliary colic (intermittent pain in the right upper quadrant). (lecturio.com)
Asymptomatic3
- Patients with the lithogenic state or asymptomatic gallstones have no abnormal findings on physical examination. (medscape.com)
- Most people with gallstones (about 80%) are asymptomatic. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Gallstones, regardless of size or number, are often asymptomatic. (wikipedia.org)
Cholecystitis3
- Complications from gallstones may include inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), obstructive jaundice, and infection in bile ducts (cholangitis). (wikipedia.org)
- The presence of gallstones can lead to inflammation of the gallbladder ( cholecystitis ) or the biliary tree ( cholangitis ) or acute inflammation of the pancreas ( pancreatitis ). (wikipedia.org)
- Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder (GB) usually caused by the obstruction of the cystic duct (acute cholecystitis). (lecturio.com)
Choledocholithiasis2
- Choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of one or more gallstones in the common bile duct (CBD). (medscape.com)
- The presence of gallstones in the common bile duct is called choledocholithiasis, from the Greek choledocho- (χοληδόχος, 'bile-containing', from chol- + docho-, 'duct') + lith- + -iasis. (wikipedia.org)
Complications3
- Symptoms and complications result from effects occurring within the gallbladder or from stones that escape the gallbladder to lodge in the CBD. (medscape.com)
- This condition can present as a mild condition or as a severe disease (with complications such as gallbladder gangrene, perforation, empyema) which require emergent intervention. (lecturio.com)
- 50% of NAFLD patients could develop were specified prior to the literature search with complications as steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, fibrosis, Prospero (CRD42016032764). (egyptianjournal.xyz)
Bile duct5
- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showing 5 gallstones in the common bile duct (arrows). (medscape.com)
- Gallstone disease refers to the condition where gallstones are either in the gallbladder or common bile duct. (wikipedia.org)
- Biliary pain is most frequently caused by obstruction of the common bile duct or the cystic duct by a gallstone . (wikipedia.org)
- cystic duct Cystic duct The duct that is connected to the gallbladder and allows the emptying of bile into the common bile duct. (lecturio.com)
- If gallstones block the bile duct, the risk of infection go up. (drjockers.com)
Bilirubin4
- The bile components that form gallstones include cholesterol, bile salts, and bilirubin. (wikipedia.org)
- Gallstones formed mainly from cholesterol are termed cholesterol stones, and those formed mainly from bilirubin are termed pigment stones. (wikipedia.org)
- If one or more gallstones block the bile ducts and cause bilirubin to leak into the bloodstream and surrounding tissue, jaundice and itching may also occur. (wikipedia.org)
- Most gallstones are cholesterol stones, while the rest are composed of bilirubin (pigment stones) and other mixed components. (lecturio.com)
Inflammation2
- In rare cases, gallstones that cause severe inflammation can erode through the gallbladder into adherent bowel, potentially causing an obstruction termed gallstone ileus. (wikipedia.org)
- Mechanical irritation by gallstones can also produce chronic GB inflammation. (lecturio.com)
Stones2
- Gallstone formation occurs from the precipitation of crystals that aggregate to form stones. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, biliary pain may be associated with functional disorders of the biliary tract, so-called acalculous biliary pain (pain without stones), and can even be found in patients post-cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder), possibly as a consequence of dysfunction of the biliary tree and the sphincter of Oddi . (wikipedia.org)
Occur5
- Gallstones are more common among women than men and occur more commonly after the age of 40. (wikipedia.org)
- Gallstones occur more frequently among certain ethnic groups than others. (wikipedia.org)
- Often, gallbladder attacks occur after eating a heavy meal. (wikipedia.org)
- Rarely, gallbladder cancer may occur as a complication. (wikipedia.org)
- Problems occur when the gallbladder doesn't effectively get the signal to squeeze out bile. (drjockers.com)
Ultrasound1
- Ultrasound of the abdomen showed gallbladder sludge and gallbladder findings consistent with adenomyomatosis. (mtsamples.com)
Pancreatitis5
- Gallstones within the ampulla of Vater can obstruct the exocrine system of the pancreas and can result in pancreatitis. (wikipedia.org)
- gallstone disease is the major cause of pancreatitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Acute pancreatitis is usually caused by drinking too much alcohol or by gallstones. (drmichaelsoo.com.au)
- A gallstone can block the pancreatic duct, trapping digestive enzymes in the pancreas and causing pancreatitis. (drmichaelsoo.com.au)
- Gallstone pancreatitis. (mtsamples.com)
Adults3
- In developed countries, 10-15% of adults experience gallstones. (wikipedia.org)
- In the developed world , 10 to 15% of adults have gallstones. (wikipedia.org)
- About 10-20% of American adults have gallstones . (amboss.com)
Right upper quadran2
- It is usually described as sharp, crampy, dull or severe right upper quadrant pain, which may radiate to the right shoulder, or less commonly, behind the breastbone. (wikipedia.org)
- Patient status post gastric bypass surgery, developed nausea and right upper quadrant pain. (mtsamples.com)
Nausea2
- A characteristic symptom of a gallstone attack is the presence of colic-like pain in the upper-right side of the abdomen, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. (wikipedia.org)
- A patient who is experiencing digoxin toxicity may report nausea, vomiting, diplopia, blurred vision, light flashes, and yellow-green halos around images. (rnpedia.com)
Mechanical1
- Rarely, a gallstone can become impacted in the ileocecal valve that joins the caecum and the ileum , causing gallstone ileus (mechanical ileus ). (wikipedia.org)
Infection1
- Gallstones most commonly consist of cholesterol but may be pigmented (due to hemolysis or infection) or mixed. (amboss.com)
Presence1
- However, the presence of gallstones is a frequent incidental finding and does not always necessitate treatment, in the absence of identifiable disease. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosis1
- The patient is a very pleasant 72-year-old female with previous history of hypertension and also recent diagnosis of C. diff, presents to the hospital with abdominal pain, cramping, and persistent diarrhea. (mtsamples.com)
Commonly1
- Gallbladder removals are one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures with over 500,000 being performed every year. (drjockers.com)
Diabetes1
- Hematemesis in a patient with longstanding diabetes. (mtsamples.com)
Intestinal1
- Specialty that treats diseases and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach and intestinal tract as well as diseases of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. (mtsamples.com)
Symptoms4
- Gallstones may be suspected based on symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Then when you add the contested issue of the patient telling the Nurse that he had "chills" and wanted to be seen, even Dr. Gabriel agreed "that had I known he was experiencing systemic symptoms (chills), or that he requested to be reexamined before his trip, I certainly would have arranged to re-examine him. (malpracticeexperts.com)
- His magnum opus, De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomem Indagatis , published in 1761, describes the findings of over 600 partial and complete autopsies, organised anatomically and methodically correlated with the symptoms exhibited by the patients prior to their demise. (bionity.com)
- In a patient with hypokalemia (serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L), presenting signs and symptoms include muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. (rnpedia.com)
Formed within the gallbladder2
- A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder from precipitated bile components. (wikipedia.org)
- Gallstones are crystalline formations of cholesterol and calcium formed within the gallbladder and biliary tracts. (drjockers.com)
Mild1
- Pain from symptomatic gallstones may range from mild to severe and can steadily increase over a period lasting from 30 minutes to several hours. (wikipedia.org)
Urine1
- Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is categorized as classic (severe), intermediate, or intermittent. (nih.gov)
Formation4
- Women who have used birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or have an IUD are at a higher risk for gallstone formation ( 7 ). (drjockers.com)
- Biliary stasis is a key component in gallstone formation. (amboss.com)
- Increased estrogen levels cause increased secretion of bile rich in cholesterol , (lithogenic bile ), which can result in the formation of cholesterol gallstones . (amboss.com)
- Increased progesterone levels cause smooth muscle relaxation, decreased gallbladder contraction, and subsequent bile stasis with formation of gallstones . (amboss.com)
Condition2
- This is a condition known as stasis where bile sits in the gallbladder for long periods of time and moves slowly when it finally gets going. (drjockers.com)
- Another condition, called gallbladder ileus happens when a gallstone slips into the small intestine and blocks the entry of bile to the small intestine. (drjockers.com)
Common2
- The most common form is cholesterol gallstones. (wikipedia.org)
- In bladder carcinoma, the most common finding is gross, painless hematuria. (rnpedia.com)
Pain4
- [1] Typically, the pain is in the right upper part of the abdomen , and can be severe. (wikipedia.org)
- Biliary pain in the absence of gallstones, known as postcholecystectomy syndrome , may severely affect the patient's quality of life, even in the absence of disease progression. (wikipedia.org)
- However, the patient called on 2/25 "complaining of extreme pain. (malpracticeexperts.com)
- The patient presented to the emergency room last evening with approximately 7- to 8-day history of abdominal pain which has been persistent. (mtsamples.com)
Outpatient2
- B Banerjee and I Brett Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Tameside General Hospital, Fountain Street, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire Over a period of several years it has been noticed that in a number of patients undergoing cholecystosonography, as in outpatient procedures, the gallbladder was found to be contracted although otherwise appeared normal. (docksci.com)
- The patient was referred for an outpatient speech and language pathology consult to increase speech and swallowing abilities. (mtsamples.com)
Disease2
- Treatment of gallstones depends on the stage of disease. (medscape.com)
- This triad is not only a risk for heart disease, but also gallstones ( 6 ). (drjockers.com)
Risk2
- The risk of gallstones may be decreased by maintaining a healthy weight with exercise and a healthy diet. (wikipedia.org)
- A patient is at greatest risk of dying during the first 24 to 48 hours after a myocardial infarction. (rnpedia.com)
Surgery3
- In those who are having gallbladder attacks, surgery to remove the gallbladder is typically recommended. (wikipedia.org)
- Treatment for gallbladder attacks is typically surgery to remove the gallbladder . (wikipedia.org)
- A review study in the British Medical Journal found that 50% of patients who had a gallbladder surgery didn't see improvement in their digestive health complaints ( 5 ). (drjockers.com)
Year2
- This happens in 1-4% of those with gallstones each year. (wikipedia.org)
- The patient is a 76-year-old male, with previous history of dysphagia, status post stroke. (mtsamples.com)
Include3
- The primary functions of the gallbladder include concentrating and storing up to 50 mL of bile. (lecturio.com)
- Therefore, in conclusion, it is probably not unreasonable to include the advice of refraining from the cooking of food for optimal gallbladder distension prior to cholecystosonography. (docksci.com)
- These interventions include placing the patient in high Fowler's position and administering oxygen, diuretics, and positive inotropic drugs as prescribed. (rnpedia.com)
Treatment1
- In a patient with a fractured, dislocated femur, treatment begins with reduction and immobilization of the affected leg. (rnpedia.com)
Experience1
- these individuals can experience severe metabolic intoxication and encephalopathy in the face of sufficient catabolic stress. (nih.gov)
Problems1
- Reports show that 25% of women and 20% of men develop problems with an overproduction of gallstones ( 4 ). (drjockers.com)
Blood2
- The patient is noted to have an increase in her liver function tests on routine blood work. (mtsamples.com)
- To help venous blood return in a patient who is in shock, the nurse should elevate the patient's legs no more than 45 degrees. (rnpedia.com)
Throat1
- The patient complained of globus sensation high in her throat particularly with solid foods and with pills. (mtsamples.com)
Family1
- On questioning, these patients denied any intake of food for at least 8 hours prior to the examination, but it was revealed that a large proportion of these patients had been preparing food for the family prior to their visit to the hospital. (docksci.com)