• Both tumors may also arise from extra-adrenal sites, specifically, in the paraganglia of the sympathetic chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term paraganglioma refers to any extra-adrenal or nonfunctional tumor of the paraganglion system, whereas functional tumors are referred to as extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. (medscape.com)
  • Usually, extra-adrenal tumors (extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas) are located in the abdomen along the sympathetic chain and constitute about 10% of sporadic cases. (medscape.com)
  • The report shows an extremely rare case of an extra-adrenal abdominal paraganglioma, successfully managed with a laparoscopic approach. (springermedizin.at)
  • Ten percent of cases may be familial, and 10% might be bilateral or in extra-adrenal locations. (medscape.com)
  • Most adrenal pheochromocytomas and all adrenocortical adenomas are benign tumors, which do not metastasize or invade nearby tissues, but may cause significant health problems by unbalancing hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both benign and malignant tumors of the adrenal cortex may produce steroid hormones, with important clinical consequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Adrenocortical adenomas are benign tumors of the adrenal cortex that are extremely common (present in 1-10% of persons at autopsy). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, size and weight of the adrenal cortical tumors are no longer considered to be a reliable sign of benignity or malignancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma are the two most important tumors which arise from the adrenal medulla. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pheochromocytomas and catecholamine-secreting paragangliomas have a similar clinical presentation, but the risk for associated neoplasms, risk for malignancy, and genetic testing is different between the tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Tumors of the adrenal cortex are reported in 2% of all autopsies, with the most common lesion being a benign adenoma (see the first image below). (medscape.com)
  • Thomas Addison first described the association of hypertensive episodes with adrenal tumors in 1886. (medscape.com)
  • These tumors arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (medscape.com)
  • The current TNM staging system is used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and more recently neuroendocrine tumors including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and provides a framework for the assessment of prognosis and the assignment of therapy for patients with a new diagnosis of lung cancer using the histopathologic evaluation of the primary tumor (T), lymph nodes (N), and metastatic disease (M). (sts.org)
  • Paragangliomas (PGLs) are neural-crest-derived, non-epithelial neuroendocrine tumors distributed along the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. (bvsalud.org)
  • An adrenal tumor or adrenal mass is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for their tendency to overproduce endocrine hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metastasis to one or both adrenal glands is the most common form of malignant adrenal lesion, and the second most common adrenal tumor after benign adenomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nonmesotheliomatous cancers of the pleura include an assortment of malignant neoplasms that primarily or secondarily involve pleura. (medscape.com)
  • By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • However, malignant SFTs, which comprise 10%-15% of SFTs, not only aggressively infiltrate adjacent structures but are also capable of metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
  • The term fibroma is inappropriate because the neoplasm exhibits defined histologic features that differ from those of fibromas and may express malignant behavior. (medscape.com)
  • Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft-tissue neoplasm that most commonly affects the extremities near to, but not in continuity with, large joints. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] The adrenal medulla is located anatomically at the center of each adrenal gland, and is composed of neuroendocrine (chromaffin) cells which produce and release epinephrine (adrenaline) into the bloodstream in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding of the adrenal glands began in 1805, when Currier first delineated the anatomic structure of the medulla and cortex. (medscape.com)
  • Adrenal pheochromocytomas are most often found on the right side and are sporadic, unilateral, and intra-adrenal. (medscape.com)
  • Adrenal neuroblastoma typically presents with a rapidly enlarging abdominal mass. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the diagnosis of POI is made, screening for autoimmune adrenal antibodies should be performed and a karyotype, FMR1 premutation screen, and baseline DEXA scan should be obtained. (lecturio.com)
  • A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The syndrome typically is attributed to central, hypothalamic, or pituitary excess secretion of ACTH (Cushing disease), primary adrenal hypercorticalism, or ectopic secretion of ACTH. (medscape.com)
  • Overproduction of prolactin by the pituitary gland can cause galactorrhea (excessive or abnormal lactation) and amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). (rnpedia.com)
  • The adrenal gland is crucial to endocrine homeostasis, and maladies associated with it result in several recognized syndromes. (medscape.com)
  • Familial cases are often bilateral or multicentric within an individual adrenal gland. (medscape.com)
  • The workup of adrenal disorders requiring surgical intervention has undergone a revolution with the tremendous advances in hormonal research, as well as in radiographic techniques and localization. (medscape.com)
  • A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. (lookformedical.com)
  • SFTs of the pleura are localized mesenchymal neoplasms composed of fibroblastlike cells believed to arise from the subpleural connective tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy may also be employed in the treatment of this disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the highly aggressive nature of these cancers, two thirds of patients exhibit symptoms resulting from metastatic or systemic disease at the time of initial presentation. (sts.org)
  • [1] The presence of symptoms is usually related to either locally advanced or metastatic disease. (sts.org)
  • Central airway obstruction may result from endobronchial disease, usually related to squamous cell carcinoma. (sts.org)
  • If the tumor arises from a site other than the adrenal, it is termed a paraganglionoma. (medscape.com)
  • The most common category of nonmesotheliomatous cancer to involve the pleura is represented by extrapleural primary malignancies that secondarily involve the pleura via metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
  • This invasion can cause any of the classic triad of symptoms, including shoulder pain from direct muscle or rib invasion, radicular arm pain from invasion of C8 and T1 nerve roots, and Horner's syndrome (ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and facial anhidrosis) from invasion of the stellate sympathetic ganglion. (sts.org)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] The term "pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma" was first applied by Harwood and colleagues in 1976 to 6 cases of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma that closely mimicked mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • In the fifth week of fetal development, neuroblastic cells migrate from the thoracic neural crest to form the sympathetic chains and preaortic ganglia. (medscape.com)
  • 1) takes omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, and ipsilateral thyroid2) same as above + accessory nerve (CN XII), SCM, and internal jugular resection. (brainscape.com)
  • DSRCT was first described by Gerald and Rosai in 1989 as a primitive neoplasm of children and young adults that most frequently occurs in the serosa of the pelvic cavity. (medscape.com)
  • Frequently, lesions metastatic to the adrenal gland necessitate adrenalectomy, and reports exist of adrenal excision for symptomatic adrenal cysts. (medscape.com)
  • Due to their location deep in the retroperitoneum, most adrenocortical carcinomas are not diagnosed until they have grown quite large. (wikipedia.org)