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She argued that the internal symbiosis of bacteria-like organisms had formed organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
The genome of the bacteria Streptomyces philanthi that are associated with the European beewolf Philanthus triangulum has now been studied in detail by a team led by Martin Kaltenpoth, director of the new Department of Insect Symbiosis at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. (mpg.de)
Genes: reduced to the defensive symbiosis? (mpg.de)
The effect of Buchnera genome evolution on gene expression levels has also been analysed in order to assess the constraints imposed by the obligate symbiosis with aphids, underlining the importance of some gene sets for the survival of the two partners. (biomedcentral.com)
The symbiotic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola lacks key genes in the biosynthesis of five essential amino acids (EAAs), and yet its animal hosts (aphids) depend on the symbiosis for the synthesis of these EAAs (isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine). (gre.ac.uk)
The evolution of shared metabolic pathways in this symbiosis can be attributed to host compensation for genomic deterioration in the symbiont, involving changes in host gene expression networks to recruit specific enzymes to the host cell. (gre.ac.uk)
Often, the genes controlling symbiosis are also responsible for defense against pathogens. (umn.edu)
If a model microbe like Escherichia coli with elaborate molecular genetic tools and resources can establish a mutualistic association with a host organism via experimental evolution, such a 'model experimental symbiotic system' will be extremely useful for understanding the evolutionary processes of symbiosis towards mutualism. (nature.com)
Recently, the stinkbug Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has emerged as an experimentally tractable model system for investigating the diversity, evolution and mechanism of gut symbiosis with bacterial mutualists 10 , 11 . (nature.com)
Non-symbiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia insecticola , cannot establish infection and symbiosis with P. stali 10 . (nature.com)
In this work, genome analyses of 1,314 Rhizobiales isolates along with amplicon studies of the root microbiota reveal the evolutionary history of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in this bacterial order. (pacb.com)
Key symbiosis genes were acquired multiple times, and the most recent common ancestor could colonize roots of a broad host range. (pacb.com)
In a new study appearing today in Cell , scientists show that a complex three-way symbiosis between an insect cell and two species of bacteria - one an endosymbiont of the other - deeply intertwines the organisms' genomes and physiologies. (quantamagazine.org)
Comparing different symbiont genomes, the researchers discovered evidence of extensive genome remodeling during the last 25 million years that has resulted in genes critical to louse-symbiont symbiosis being close to one another in the bacterial genome. (news-medical.net)

Endogenosymbiosis is an evolutionary process, proposed by the evolutionary and environmental biologist Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, in which "gene carriers" (viruses, retroviruses and bacteriophages) and symbiotic prokaryotic cells (bacteria or archaea) could share parts or all of their genomes in an endogenous symbiotic relationship with their hosts. (wikipedia.org)
Indeed, bacterial genomes carry, on average, from 78% (for genomes containing the polymerase PolC) to 58% (for the other genomes) of their genes on the leading strand [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While these observations were made on free-living bacteria, very few data exist on symbiotic bacteria characterized by reduced genomes, shaped by their adaptation to the host metabolic requirements and by their high evolution rate. (biomedcentral.com)
A Chilean cicada of the Tettigades genus PIOTR LUKASIK The symbiotic bacteria living within the Chilean cicada genus Tettigades have some of the smallest genomes known of any life form. (the-scientist.com)
While phages typically kill their bacterial hosts, they can also fuse with the genomes of host bacteria, bringing with them piggyback bacterial genes that can make the infected bacteria more resistant to antibiotics or more virulent. (royalsociety.org.nz)
Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial genomes show great diversity in size and composition, and this diversity is the result of millions of years of horizontal gene transfer and other complex evolutionary events [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomes from higher plants harbor multiple CESA genes. (unl.edu)
In 2011, von Dohlen and McCutcheon published the sequenced genomes of these two bacteria . (quantamagazine.org)
Each of the genomes had lost genes, but together they had the full complement of genes coding for enzymes in biosynthetic pathways for essential amino acids. (quantamagazine.org)
But the two bacterial genomes were missing other genes as well, and although they complemented one another for amino acid synthesis, they seemed unable to make enzymes crucial to other metabolic pathways. (quantamagazine.org)
To gain a more complete picture of how lice and their bacterial symbionts have coevolved, the researchers sequenced and assembled genomes of endosymbionts from human, chimpanzee, gorilla and red colobus monkey lice. (news-medical.net)
How symbiont genomes shrank over time and which genes remain are key research questions in basic and applied sciences, Boyd said. (news-medical.net)
The process by which symbiont genomes change is important to understanding how insects and bacteria form mutualistic relationships that can persist for tens to hundreds of millions of years,' he said. (news-medical.net)

Further genetic analyses provided hints that the metabolism of the bacterial symbionts is mainly directed towards the production of antibiotic substances necessary for the protection of the beewolves' offspring. (mpg.de)
A second set of genes that responded strongly to parasitization were bacterial, encoded by whitefly symbionts. (huji.ac.il)
Their use can likely be readily adapted to look at the effects of both ectopic gene overexpression as well as gene knockdown of root associated defense responses and to the study of a broader range of root associated physiological and aphysiological processes including root growth and differentiation as well as interactions with other root pests, parasites, and symbionts. (biomedcentral.com)
I have a workflow where we go from collecting single insects to genome sequencing of their bacterial symbionts, using simple lab methods and whole genome amplification. (uu.se)
Previous studies suggested lice acquired and replaced their bacterial symbionts multiple times over their evolutionary history. (news-medical.net)
Our results suggest that coral recipients likely favor the uptake of putative bacterial symbionts, recommending to include these taxonomic groups in future coral probiotics screening efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study suggests a scenario where these donor-specific bacterial symbionts might have been more efficient in supporting the recipients to resist heat stress compared to the native symbionts present in the control group. (biomedcentral.com)
One such concept is "assisted evolution," encompassing selective breeding of corals and the manipulation of coral-associated microbiome communities, like dinoflagellate symbionts and bacteria [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To protect their young from mold fungi in the warm and moist conditions in the soil, female beewolves secrete a substance from their antennae that contains symbiotic bacteria of the genus Streptomyces . (mpg.de)
In particular, knowledge of symbioses between eukaryotes and microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi has revolutionized the fields of medicine and agriculture, and made clear the roles of microbes in fostering human and environmental sustainability. (arizona.edu)
In particular, fungi often harbor endohyphal bacteria that influence fungal phenotypes. (arizona.edu)
Here, I explore the diversity, evolutionary relationships, and influence on fungal phenotypes of endohyphal bacteria inhabiting seed- and leaf-associated fungi with a focus that begins in tropical forest ecology and expands to include gene expression in an emerging model system from the temperate zone. (arizona.edu)
To determine the occurrence, abundance, taxonomic diversity, and phylogenetic diversity of endohyphal bacteria among tropical seed-associated fungi, my coauthors and I used PCR and fluorescence microscopy to screen members of two common orders of seed-associated fungi, comparing their communities to those in closely related foliar endophytic fungi. (arizona.edu)
We revealed a high frequency and diversity of endohyphal bacteria among both groups of fungi. (arizona.edu)
We then used phylogenetic and community ecological analyses to show a lack of congruence between phylogenies of bacteria and fungi. (arizona.edu)
Although seed-associated and foliar endophytic fungi share evolutionary histories, they harbor distinct endohyphal bacterial communities. (arizona.edu)
To explore the influence of endohyphal bacteria on fungal phenotypes important for interactions with seeds, my coauthors and I examined a single fungus-bacterium pair consisting of a member of a well-known group of pathogenic fungi found to harbor an endohyphal bacterium closely related to those with known chitinolytic activity. (arizona.edu)
We showed that although endohyphal bacteria have little impact on colonization of seeds by fungi, they significantly altered the survival and germination of infected seeds. (arizona.edu)
In most cases, endohyphal bacteria reduced the negative impacts of fungi on seeds: strains harboring them responded more similarly to uninoculated controls, whereas strains cured of them exhibited significantly reduced survival and germination. (arizona.edu)
Seeds infected by fungi of the same genotype that differ with respect to the identity of their endohyphal bacteria exhibited differences, but so did seeds infected by strains of those isolates not harboring bacteria, suggesting that factors in addition to the presence of endohyphal bacteria can drive variation in the outcomes of seed-fungus interactions. (arizona.edu)
Here's what is known so far: the gut microbiome is involved in functions critical to human health and wellbeing, including metabolism and emotions (in fact, it's been dubbed our 'second brain').The trillions of microorganisms that form it include bacteria, fungi and phages. (royalsociety.org.nz)
In order to do so, many insect species have developed very tight symbiotic relationships with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that provide them with the nutrients that are lacking in their diet. (uu.se)
Cellulose is an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues, which is an abundant polysaccharide produced by plants and in varying degrees by several other organisms including algae, bacteria, fungi, and even some animals. (unl.edu)
Cellulose synthase catalyzes the polymerization reaction of cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues in plants, most algae, some bacteria and fungi, and even some animals. (unl.edu)

However, it is likely that several horizontal gene transfers (HGT) also occurred in eukaryotic microorganisms and, even more surprisingly, in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
According to this new study, the evolutionary success of this insect is partially based on a symbiotic association with microorganisms in its gut. (mpg.de)
This method is used to show which bacteria spread or are inhibited in their growth when other microorganisms are present in the medium. (mpg.de)

Photorhabdus Species: Bioluminescent Bacteria as Human Pathogens? (cdc.gov)
The property is rarely reported in the clinical bacteriology laboratory because bacterial bioluminescence is seen primarily in marine species. (cdc.gov)
Lateral transfer of genetic material between Photorhabdus and Yersinia species is thought to have resulted from their common association with insects as bacterial pathogens ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
To assess the influence of endohyphal bacteria with respect to the outcomes of seed-fungus interactions, my coauthors and I examined six fungus-bacterium pairs and their interactions with the seeds of five tropical pioneer tree species. (arizona.edu)
Rhizobial species vary in their enzymatic production and several enzymes are found to be necessary for the symbiotic effectiveness. (benthamscience.com)
The previous studies have demonstrated that variation in symbiotic performance is dependent on both rhizobial strains and plant species (or cultivars). (benthamscience.com)
Wolbachia is a bacterial genus consisting of only one recognized species, Wolbachia pipientis , with several divergent supergroups. (uu.se)
Melon flies reared on the bran-based artificial diet displayed significant changes in the bacterial symbiome upon irradiation, in all aspects, including species richness, diversity and composition. (biomedcentral.com)
Some bacterial species can interpret many different signals , while others respond to a select few. (asm.org)
Disrupting the bacterial communication structure is an exciting innovation and practical response to the sharp rise of antibiotic resistance across bacterial species. (asm.org)
Quorum sensing between different bacterial species occurs as well. (asm.org)
Whereas first-instar larvae housed a variety of Enterococcus species, late-instar caterpillars were dominated by Enterococcus mundtii bacteria. (mpg.de)
This compound causes the death of other bacterial species. (mpg.de)
donor-specific bacterial species were identified in the microbiomes of recipients indicating transmission of bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Microbiome dynamics in our experiments support the notion that microbiome community evenness and dominance of one or few bacterial species, rather than host-species identity, were drivers for microbiome stability in a holobiont context. (biomedcentral.com)
We showed that LuxS and AI-2 are broadly conserved in bacteria and that AI-2 is a universal signal that allows bacteria to communicate across species boundaries. (shawprize.org)

The presence of bacteriophages in symbiotic bacteria that obligately reside in eukaryotes may promote eukaryotic DNA transfers to bacteriophages. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria that cannot be grown in pure cultures make up a large part of the biomass and genetic diversity on earth and play an important role in many system, for example in the many symbiotic associations with eukaryotes. (uu.se)
In bacteria, algae and lower eukaryotes, there is a second unrelated type of cellulose synthase (Type II), which produces acylated cellulose, a derivative of cellulose. (unl.edu)
Although they can be found in archaea and eukaryotes, they play the most significant biological role in bacteria where they can be passed from one bacterium to another by a type of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation), usually providing a benefit to the host, such as antibiotic resistance. (addgene.org)

Many of the bacteria that have acquired a chitin synthase are plant pathogens (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)

Since rhodopsin apoproteins cannot absorb light energy, rhodopsins produced by prokaryotic strains lacking genes for retinal biosynthesis are hypothesized to be non-functional in cells. (go.jp)
But legumes differ significantly in their nitrogen fixation efficiency, and will act differently in different environments and with different bacterial strains, sometimes fixing little to no nitrogen. (uky.edu)
By introducing specific gene modifications related to guanosine and thymidine accumulation, respectively, we demonstrated that genome-reduced strains had greatly improved properties compared to the wild-type strain as chassis cells for the production of these two products. (biomedcentral.com)
Colleagues from the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology analyzed and identified it as the peptide mundticin KS, a so-called bacteriocin which is produced by several bacteria in order to eliminate competing bacterial strains. (mpg.de)

These protective substances are produced by symbiotic bacteria of the genus Streptomyces , which live in these insects. (mpg.de)
Bacteria belonging to the genus are emerging as a cause of both localized soft tissue and disseminated infections in humans in the United States and Australia. (cdc.gov)
Scientists study the unusual genome evolution of the bacteria that live within a genus of cicadas. (the-scientist.com)
The crypt cavities are densely populated by a specific bacterial symbiont of the genus Pantoea (Fig. 1c,d ). (nature.com)

Rhizobial diversity has been revealed by several methodologies, providing valuable information about bacterial genotypes that are well adapted to a certain environment. (benthamscience.com)
We are especially interested in legumes (soybeans, peas, alfalfa, etc) and their relationship with rhizobial bacteria, the basis of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. (umn.edu)
Hongyan Zhu, a professor in the UK College of Agriculture, Food and Environment , and his team of researchers found two antimicrobial peptides in the model legume Medicago truncatula that kill certain rhizobial bacteria as the nitrogen fixation process begins. (uky.edu)

My main interests are in finding out how these tight associations affect genome evolution, determining genetic factors involved in host interactions and exploring the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in nature. (uu.se)
Because these symbiotic bacteria are tied to a known evolutionary history between lice and primates, this is an ideal system for studying bacterial genome evolution. (news-medical.net)

The genome of these bacteria is of great interest for understanding the process of genome erosion and elucidating how the cooperation and the mutual benefit between bacteria and their host insects have evolved over long periods of time (PNAS, doi: 10.1073/pnas.2023047118, April 2021). (mpg.de)
have been the subject of intensive study by agricultural scientists because of the role these bacteria play in controlling insects. (cdc.gov)
The results clearly indicated that genes known to be part of the defense pathways described in other insects are also involved in the response of B. tabaci to parasitization by E. mundus. (huji.ac.il)
only a few insects survived, in which E. coli exhibited specific localization to the symbiotic organ and vertical transmission to the offspring. (nature.com)
Apart from these nutritional interactions, many insects carry additional symbiotic bacteria of which we currently know quite little, but that in some insects have been shown to provide adaptation for specific conditions. (uu.se)

After a lot of data processing, we ended up with 64 different bacterial genera to study. (lu.se)

However, recent genomic and metagenomic surveys showed that some rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lack the known genes for retinal biosynthesis. (go.jp)
In the present study, we investigated whether Aurantimicrobium minutum KNC T , which is widely distributed in terrestrial environments and lacks any previously identified retinal biosynthesis genes, possesses functional rhodopsin. (go.jp)
These results suggest that rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lacking known retinal biosynthesis genes also have functional rhodopsins. (go.jp)
Here we investigated the link between cellular cholesterol and L. pneumophila intracellular replication and discovered that disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis or cholesterol trafficking lowered bacterial replication in infected cells. (microbialcell.com)

Could a barely understood part of the gut microbiome - viruses that attack bacteria, known as phages - shed more light on the microbiome's role in obesity? (royalsociety.org.nz)
Dr Vatanen says scientific understanding of phages' role in the gut microbiome is about where understanding of the bacterial microbiome was 10-15 years ago. (royalsociety.org.nz)
We conducted coral microbiome transplantation (CMT) experiments using the reef-building corals, Pocillopora and Porites , and investigated whether this technique can benefit coral heat resistance while modifying the bacterial microbiome. (biomedcentral.com)

This bias is even more important when the essentiality of genes is taken into account, and essential genes distribution bias reaches 76% and 94% in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis respectively [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we report an experimental system in which non-symbiotic Escherichia coli evolves into an insect mutualist. (nature.com)
We also constructed a thymidine producer by deleting the tdk gene and overexpressing the prs , ushA , thyA , dut , and ndk genes from Escherichia coli in strain BSK756, and the resulting strain BSK756T3 accumulated 151.2 mg/L thymidine, showing a 5.2-fold increase compared to the corresponding control strain. (biomedcentral.com)

NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase. (unl.edu)

Results show that during perigean tides and during the sewage spill, levels of culturable bacteria were highest and showed an increase via sequencing in potential pathogenic bacteria (Corynebacterium and Vibrio, which increased from 3.5%-1800% depending on sample type). (bvsalud.org)
The infamous gram-negative pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae uses quorum sensing for virulence during a cholera infection. (asm.org)

Rhizobia are composed of specific groups of bacteria that have the ability to induce symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots or stems of leguminous plants. (benthamscience.com)
Rhizobia are a paraphyletic group of soil-borne bacteria that induce nodule organogenesis in legume roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen for plant growth. (pacb.com)

One such Russian-doll merger occurred about 100 million years ago, when the small insect pests called mealybugs acquired a bacterial endosymbiont, Tremblaya . (quantamagazine.org)

ABSTRACT Alfalfa, like other legumes, establishes a symbiotic relationship with the soil bacteria, _Sinorhizobium meliloti_, which results in the formation of the root nodules. (sohag-univ.edu.eg)

We wondered whether the long-term association with the host has resulted in changes in the symbiont's genome or shaped gene regulation and metabolic interactions between the beewolf and its bacterial partners," explains Mario Sandoval-Calderón, one of the first authors of the study, the motivation for this study. (mpg.de)
It is expected that the removal of a number of non-essential regions from a bacterial chromosome will facilitate the optimization of metabolic pathways and energy utilization by enhancing the predictability of genetic engineering, which can improve overall metabolic performance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells in symbiotic partnership, nested one within the other and functioning like organelles, can borrow from their host's genes to complete their own metabolic pathways. (quantamagazine.org)
The lives of these bacteria are so intertwined with their host's that they function almost like organelles: They draw on their host's genome to complete the set of enzymes essential to their own metabolic pathways. (quantamagazine.org)
Horizontal transfers can move a few genes between cells, but the chances of horizontally acquiring the complete suite of genes for a complex metabolic pathway are vanishingly small. (quantamagazine.org)

Our analysis showed that mRNA abundances, gene organization (operon) and gene essentiality are correlated in Buchnera (i.e., the most expressed genes are essential genes organized in operons) whereas no link between mRNA abundances and gene strand bias was found. (biomedcentral.com)

Functional characterization of IgA-targeted bacterial taxa from undernourished Malawian children that produce diet-dependent enteropathy. (nature.com)
The amplicon sequence variants of the majority of these transmitted bacteria belonged to known, putatively symbiotic bacterial taxa of corals and were linked to the observed beneficial effect on the coral stress response. (biomedcentral.com)

The symbiotic microorganism diversity of the PA group significantly decreased than NPA group, while the relative abundance of chemoautotrophic symbiotic bacteria that provide the host with organic carbon compounds significantly increased in PA. (frontiersin.org)
This enables us to identify candidate genes underlying glucosinolate diversity, trichome density, and study the genetics of biochemical variation for glucosinolate and saponins. (pacb.com)
We statistically evaluated if intake of added sugar (as well as with the support of the urinary sucrose and fructose biomarker as mentioned in a previous blog post ), sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages associated with any of the 64 bacterial genera or with various measures of microbiota composition and diversity, such as alpa diversity, beta diversity and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. (lu.se)

where they form a symbiotic relationship. (cdc.gov)
The importance of understanding the symbiotic relationship between microbe's use of quorum sensing and the coral it inhabits may offer insight in how microbiological colonies promote reef health and how external toxins alter these molecular processes. (columbia.edu)
It's becoming clear that phages can live in a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, where one party benefits while the other is unaffected, in the same way bacteria live symbiotically with their human hosts. (royalsociety.org.nz)
Through a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia, which are soil bacteria, legumes can provide their own nitrogen needs and leave nitrogen in the soil for other plants to use. (uky.edu)
Modular traits of the Rhizobiales root microbiota and their evolutionary relationship with symbiotic Rhizobia. (pacb.com)
This benefit can be context-dependent, and thus the plasmid exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host cell. (addgene.org)

When N 2 O was injected as the only nitrogen source, this bacterium did not assimilate N 2 O. A polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that this bacterium did not have the typical nosZ gene. (go.jp)
Creation and Characterization of a Genomically Hybrid Strain in the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiotic Bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. (unifi.it)
This finding offers scientists a strategy to improve nitrogen fixation in legumes by selecting or manipulating these genes to accept more bacteria," Zhu said. (uky.edu)
Zhu believes the original function of these antibacterial genes was to kill bacteria as they entered the plant, but they have evolved to manipulate certain bacteria to start the nitrogen fixation process. (uky.edu)

Silverman introduced his topic by describing Nealson and Hastings' 1970's work showing how the symbiotic bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, emitted light as a collective. (shawprize.org)
I joined Silverman's lab in 1990 to study Vibrio harveyi, a free-living bioluminescent bacterium. (shawprize.org)

Using state-of-the-art gene sequencing techniques, the researchers were able to read out the complete genome of the symbiont. (mpg.de)
they can be symbiotic as well as parasitic, but somehow the phrase "bacterium of the mind" or "symbiont of the mind" doesn't have quite the same ring. (sentientdevelopments.com)
Symbiont cells (green), such as Clostridia and other E. mundtii bacteria are insensitive to mundticin. (mpg.de)

In this study, we report an experimental system in which E. coli evolves into a bacterial mutualist that supports survival and reproduction of P. stali , thereby demonstrating that evolution of mutualism can proceed very easily and quickly via disruption of a global transcriptional regulator system. (nature.com)
l -threonine production was increased 2.4-fold when the corresponding gene modifications were introduced into E. coli strain MGF-01 that has a 22 % genome reduction [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We then used fresh homogenates made from coral donor tissues to inoculate conspecific, heat-susceptible recipients and documented their bleaching responses and microbiomes by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. (biomedcentral.com)

Jamie E. Henzy and Welkin E. Johnson demonstrated that the complex evolutionary history of the IFIT (Interferon Induced proteins with Tetratricopeptide repeats) family of antiviral genes has been shaped by continuous interactions between mammalian hosts and their many viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we compared gill-microbiota, gene expression and host-microorganism interactions in a group of deep sea mussels ( Gigantidas haimaensis ) parasitized by scale worm (PA group) and a no parasitic control group (NPA group). (frontiersin.org)
In an integrated analysis of the interactions between changes in the microbiota and host gene dysregulation, we found an agreement between the microbiota and transcriptomic responses to B. pettiboneaei parasitism. (frontiersin.org)

Role and regulation of ACC deaminase gene in Sinorhizobium meliloti: is it a symbiotic, rhizospheric or endophytic gene? (unifi.it)

The unresolved question why the antibiotics are also produced in the antennae of female beewolves and then released into the brood cells via secretion of a substance containing the bacteria and the antibiotic cocktail could not be answered. (mpg.de)
Antibiotics are used to reduce harmful bacteria in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

We further demonstrate the applicability of cowpea composite plants to study gene expression involved in the resistance response of the plant roots to attack by the root parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides . (biomedcentral.com)
Cowpea composite plants offer a rapid alternative to methods requiring stable transformation and whole plant regeneration for studying gene expression in resistance or susceptibility responses to parasitic weeds. (biomedcentral.com)

Genomic studies on bacteria have clearly shown the existence of chromosomal organization as regards, for example, to gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, transcriptomic analyses have demonstrated that, in free-living bacteria, gene transcription levels and chromosomal organization are mutually influenced. (biomedcentral.com)
This is a perfect illustration of the mutual influence between gene expression levels and chromosomal organization in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to isolate a particular gene from human chromosomal DNA, it would be necessary to isolate a sequence of a few hundred or few thousand basepairs from the entire human genome. (addgene.org)
Plasmids are fragments of double-stranded DNA that typically carry genes and can replicate independently from chromosomal DNA. (addgene.org)
Like the bacterial chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA is replicated upon cell division, and each daughter cell receives at least one copy of the plasmid. (addgene.org)

There are few relationships in nature more intimate than those between cells and the symbiotic bacteria, or endosymbionts, that live inside them. (quantamagazine.org)

It also highlights the importance of HGT in the evolutionary history of CHS and describes bacterial chs genes for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)
The evolution of lice and their symbiotic bacteria helps shed light on human and primate evolutionary history, providing new clues to our past. (news-medical.net)

Nodules contain the bacteria enclosed in a membrane-bound vesicle, the symbiosome where it fixes atmospheric N2 and converts it into ammonia using the bacterial enzyme, nitrogenase. (sohag-univ.edu.eg)

Idiosyncratic genome degradation in a bacterial endosymbiont of periodical cicadas," Curr Biol , doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.008, 2017. (the-scientist.com)

His plan is to make one that reads regular RNA transcripts of genes but can string together wrong-handed amino acids to form mirror proteins. (overcomingbias.com)
Often starting as a phagosome in the endocytic compartment, these bacteria-occupied vacuoles transition into organelles with novel molecular features via remodeling of host proteins and lipids through the highly coordinated actions of bacterial factors [3] [5] . (microbialcell.com)
Over the next 100 years, many significant discoveries lead to the conclusions that genes encode proteins and reside on chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. (addgene.org)

strain WMMB235, a marine ascidian-associated bacterium. (pacb.com)
The strain BSK814G2, in which purA was knocked out, and prs , purF and guaB were co-overexpressed, produced 115.2 mg/L of guanosine, which was 4.4-fold higher compared to the control strain constructed by introducing the same gene modifications into the parental strain. (biomedcentral.com)
In comparison, larvae which housed an Enterococcus mundtii strain without the gene for the synthesis of mundticin were powerless against pathogen infection. (mpg.de)

Eukaryotic genes are often co-opted by viruses and bacterial genes are commonly found in bacteriophages. (wikipedia.org)
viruses have become quite useful in gene therepy , for example, allowing researchers to insert and remove genetic material from eukaryotic cells much easier (and with a higher degree of success) than ever before. (sentientdevelopments.com)
My research focuses on symbiotic bacteria that cannot live outside of a eukaryotic host cell. (uu.se)

In that pioneering clinical trial, almost entirely funded by philanthropy, young adults affected by obesity took tasteless, odourless capsules containing the filtered poo from healthy donors (screened for harmful bacteria). (royalsociety.org.nz)

This bacterium belonged to Chitinophagaceae , but did not belong to known families that include bacteria with the atypical nosZ . (go.jp)

Past genomic studies have comprehensively described the organization of the bacterial chromosome, for example in terms of gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
This organization of the chromosome can be described as being an adaptive and functional tool, essential for the survival of the bacterial cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene organization in the bacterial chromosome has very well known effects on transcription and a standard example is the organization of genes into operons, which allows for a sophisticated regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It has also been shown that neighbouring genes in a bacterial chromosome tend to be co-expressed, even if they are not in the same operon [ 10 ], suggesting the existence of a "supra-operonic" organization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

One membrane component that is often subverted by vacuolar bacteria is cholesterol - an abundant lipid that mammalian cells produce de novo at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or acquire exogenously from serum-derived lipoprotein carriers. (microbialcell.com)

An international team of scientists under the direction of the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany, were able to demonstrate for the first time that symbiotic Enterococcus mundtii bacteria secrete the antimicrobial peptide mundticin. (mpg.de)

Interestingly, RNA-seq revealed that G. haimaensis hosts responded to B. pettiboneaei parasitism through significant upregulation of protein and lipid anabolism related genes, and that this parasitism may enhance host mussel nutrient anabolism but inhibit the host's ability to absorb nutrients, thus potentially helping the parasite obtain nutrients from the host. (frontiersin.org)
Instead, the analyses provided evidence of certain amino acids that the host must supply to its symbiotic partners in the antennal gland reservoirs because Streptomyces philanthi bacteria are no longer able to produce these nutrients themselves. (mpg.de)
According to a new study, the microbes have lost up to 97 percent of their genes over the course of the past 70 million years, as well as the capability to inhabit any other kind of host. (the-scientist.com)
It has also been found that symbiotic variation is connected to some characteristics of rhizobia including serological and morphological phenotypes, tolerance to stresses, host range, plasmid profile as well as some cryptic plasmids. (benthamscience.com)
I am also working on the effect of Wolbachia on the host gene expression by using RNAseq. (uu.se)
The ndvC mutation also affects the ability of the bacteria to establish a successful symbiotic interaction with host plant. (unl.edu)
Thus, intracellular bacteria frequently encode the capacity to regulate host lipogenesis as well as to modulate the lipid composition of host membranes. (microbialcell.com)
That led McCutcheon to wonder whether the host insect's genome contained the genes that filled those holes. (quantamagazine.org)
They also noticed that although those genes sat inside the nuclei of the insect host cells, many of them had clearly not started out as mealybug genes because they coded for synthesizing peptidoglycans, the main components of bacterial cell walls. (quantamagazine.org)
If so, however, it meant that the products of the insect's genes had to move from the host nucleus through five cell membranes (three in Tremblaya and two in Moranella ) to reach the inside of the most deeply nested bacteria, where the peptidoglycans are made. (quantamagazine.org)

Typically plasmids contain the minimum essential DNA sequences for this purpose, which includes a DNA replication origin, an antibiotic-resistance gene, and a region in which exogenous DNA fragments can be inserted. (addgene.org)

Using an oligonucleotide-based microarray, we normalized the transcriptomic data by genomic DNA signals in order to have access to inter-gene comparison data. (biomedcentral.com)
The genomic evidence therefore suggested, but did not prove, that the Moranella endosymbiont might rely on gene products from the mealybug's nuclear genome to make its cell walls. (quantamagazine.org)

A light-induced pH change in a cell suspension of rhodopsin-possessing bacteria was detected in the absence of exogenous retinal. (go.jp)

A nitrous oxide (N 2 O)-consuming bacterium isolated from farmland soil actively consumed N 2 O under high pH conditions. (go.jp)

R]eligious memes are adaptive rather than viral from the point of view of human genes, but could they still be viral from our individual or societal point of view? (sentientdevelopments.com)

The bacteria proliferate and promote nematode reproduction by killing the insect larvae. (cdc.gov)
The researchers tried to infect insect larvae which were associated with the symbiotic bacteria with pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. (mpg.de)

The defense response in B. tabaci involves genes related to the immune response as described in model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. (huji.ac.il)

Could bacteria-attacking viruses hold a clue to obesity? (royalsociety.org.nz)

Unfortunately, similar to other legumes, efficient plant transformation technology is a rate-limiting step in analysis of gene function in cowpea. (biomedcentral.com)

My graduate research in Saul Roseman's lab at Johns Hopkins University focused on bacterial chemotaxis: how bacteria detect nutrients and swim to food sources. (shawprize.org)

Microscopy analyses indicate that cholesterol regulates a step in L. pneumophila intracellular lifecycle that occurs after bacteria begin to replicate within an established intracellular niche. (microbialcell.com)

Symbiotic bacteria, especially those of the reproductive and digestive tissue, influence a variety of important physiological properties of their insect hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
During their reproductive cycle, individual bacterium synthesize autoinducers. (asm.org)

RNAi-mediated down-regulation of a melanin polyketide synthase (pks1) gene in the fungus Slafractonia leguminicola. (sohag-univ.edu.eg)

The rhizobia-legume symbioses exhibit variation in symbiotic performance as measured by plant yield, nodulation and nitrogenase activity. (benthamscience.com)

In a new study in PNAS, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology and the University of Mainz, together with an international team, showed that these beneficial bacteria are losing genetic material that is no longer needed. (mpg.de)
Beneficial bacteria in the gut of moth larvae produce an antimicrobial agent that kills competing bacteria which otherwise have detrimental effects on insect development. (mpg.de)

We created fungal clones that were free of endohyphal bacteria, and carried out a phenotypic microarray assay comparing use of 95 unique carbon sources by cured and uncured clones. (arizona.edu)
Across the majority of substrates, the fungal clones harboring endohyphal bacteria grew more rapidly and to a greater extent than the cured clones. (arizona.edu)

Biofilm production comes to a simultaneous halt across all V. cholerae bacteria, and a new sequence of quorum sensing moves V. cholerae through its infectious process. (asm.org)
Engebrecht and Silverman went on to sequence the genes, map their arrangement, characterize the protein functions involved, and show how the components interacted to yield density dependent bioluminescence. (shawprize.org)

Genetic improvement of the crop is being actively pursued and numerous functional genomics studies are underway aimed at characterizing gene controlling key agronomic characteristics for disease and pest resistances. (biomedcentral.com)

The result is that the mealybug cell contains a bacterium that contains another bacterium - an arrangement discovered back in 2001 by Carol von Dohlen , a biologist at Utah State University. (quantamagazine.org)

Anatomy13

Organisms82

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care15

Symbiosis14

Genomes14

Symbionts8

Fungi16

Microorganisms3

Species16

Eukaryotes4

Pathogens1

Strains4

Genus4

Rhizobial3

Genome evolution2

Insects5

Different bacterial1

Biosynthesis4

Microbiome3

Escherichia3

Putative bacterial1

Pathogenic bacteria2

Induce2

Pests1

Abstract1

Metabolic5

Buchnera1

Taxa2

Diversity3

Relationship6

Nitrogen4

Vibrio2

Symbiont3

Coli2

RRNA1

Interactions3

Sinorhizobium1

Antibiotics2

Parasitic2

Chromosomal6

Endosymbionts1

Evolutionary history2

Nodules1

20171

Proteins3

Strain3

Eukaryotic3

Harmful bacteria1

Include bacteria1

Chromosome4

Mammalian1

Secrete1

Host10

Antibiotic resistance1

Genomic2

Exogenous1

Soil1

Viral1

Insect larvae2

Organisms1

Viruses1

Legumes1

Nutrients1

Replicate1

Reproductive2

Regulation1

Nitrogenase1

Beneficial2

Fungal2

Sequence2

Functional1

Arrangement1