Surgical 2000 injections spinal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Spinal stenosis (progressive narrowing of the spinal canal) is part of the aging process, and predicting who will be affected is not possible. (medscape.com)
Progressive narrowing of the spinal canal may occur alone or in combination with acute disc herniations. (medscape.com)
Stenosis can include narrowing of the spinal canal, nerve root canals, enlargement of the facet joints, stiffening of the ligaments, bulging disc, and bone spurs. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Additional factors, such as prolapsed intervertebral disks, osteophytes, and progressive thoracolumbar kyphosis, contribute to the narrowing of the spinal canal. (medscape.com)

Central pain syndrome can be divided into two categories: pain related to prior spinal cord injury and pain related to prior brain injury. (encyclopedia.com)
A gender difference in bladder function sacral radiographs and spinal cord injury pharmacologic anatomic post surgical nerve damage or only rarely masturbate. (ben.edu)
Bladder dysfunction is a common complication after chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). (mdpi.com)
SCI, spinal cord injury. (silverchair.com)
Here we detect GTP-bound RhoA in spinal cord homogenates and report that spinal cord injury (SCI) in both rats and mice activates RhoA over 10-fold in the absence of changes in RhoA expression. (silverchair.com)

Narrowing / stenosis of the spinal and nerve root canals can cause chronic pain, numbness, and muscle weakness in your arms or legs. (mayfieldclinic.com)
In people with achondroplastic dwarfism, stenosis of the spinal canal is secondary to abnormalities of endochondral ossification with premature synostosis of the ossification centers of the vertebral body and the posterior arch. (medscape.com)

Short recovery time T1-weighted spin-echo sagittal MRI scan demonstrates marked spinal stenosis of the C1/C2 vertebral level cervical canal resulting from formation of the pannus (black arrow) surrounding the dens in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. (medscape.com)

Dr. Patel has authored research papers, review articles, and book chapters on numerous spinal conditions and the safety and effectiveness of interventional spine procedures. (rochester.edu)
Back and spine pain shouldn't always equal surgery but when surgery is indicated Ochsner's Back and Spine surgeons are experts in minimally invasive and advanced surgical approaches, giving our patients better results and quicker recovery times. (ochsner.org)
Epidural injections are performed utilizing 3 approaches in the lumbar spine: caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal. (epain.org)
Dr. Fiks and his team treat conditions like peripheral neuropathy and spine pain with a wide range of surgical and nonsurgical procedures, from spinal cord stimulation and sacroiliac joint fusion to spinal decompression, spinal injections, and spinal infusion. (apmconline.org)
He looks after patients with degenerative, traumatic, tumour and spinal deformity problems within the whole spine. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Spinal decompression can be performed anywhere along the spine from the neck (cervical) to the lower back (lumbar). (mayfieldclinic.com)
In some cases, spinal fusion may be done at the same time to help stabilize sections of the spine treated with laminectomy. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Fusing the joint prevents the spinal stenosis from recurring and can help eliminate pain from an unstable spine. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Sciatic leg pain is pain typically caused by a lumbar spine disc condition in the low back that puts pressure on a spinal nerve root which supplies messages to your legs and feet. (flbackpaincenter.com)
Atlas S, Keller RB, Wu YA, Deyo RA, Singer DE: Long Term Outcomes Of Surgical And Non Surgical Management Of Sciatica Secondary To Lumbar Disc Herniation: 10 Year Results From The Maine Lumbar Spine Study. (flbackpaincenter.com)
Spine infections are rare infections that can involve the intervertebral disc space (discitis), the vertebral bones, the spinal canal or adjacent soft tissues. (wheelessonline.com)
Stryker Corporation is one of the leading providers of highly innovative medical products and services in orthopedics, medical and surgical, and neurotechnology and spine fields. (marketsandmarkets.com)

Older patients present with more chronic or recurrent symptoms of degenerative spinal disease. (medscape.com)
The patients may experience radicular pain, weakness, and numbness along the distribution of the affected spinal nerve. (medscape.com)
Twenty spinal metastases from renal origin (17 patients) treated by preoperative embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles were analyzed retrospectively. (ajnr.org)
A control group of 10 patients with 11 spinal metastases of renal origin underwent surgery without embolization. (ajnr.org)
Anterior surgical decompression and stabilization are the treatments of choice for radiation-resistant metastatic spinal tumors, resulting in improved neurologic function and pain reduction in more than 80% of patients (4, 5) . (ajnr.org)
This retrospective study included 18 consecutive patients with 21 symptomatic spinal metastases who underwent preoperative spinal angiography and embolization at our institution between October 1995 and August 1999. (ajnr.org)
The control group consisted of 10 consecutive patients with 11 spinal metastases of renal carcinoma, which were treated surgically without preoperative embolization between April 1994 and April 1997. (ajnr.org)
4 Patients treated with operative evacuation within 24 hours are noted to have significantly improved motor scores versus those who receive later surgical intervention. (emdocs.net)
5 Nonetheless, review of patients treated conservatively revealed as many as 41% will require surgical intervention. (emdocs.net)
The proportion of patients nonresponsive to initial injections was also lower in the group for local anesthetic with steroid in the interlaminar trial. (epain.org)
A retrospective review of 19 high-pressure water-injection injuries of the hand reported that16% of patients developed infection and that 33% of patients without early debridement eventually required surgery, including debridement of a septic flexor tenosynovitis, fingertip amputation, and metacarpophalangeal disarticulation. (medscape.com)
Since opening the doors in 2000, the team at Advanced Pain Management Center has offered a warm, welcoming, and inclusive environment for their patients. (apmconline.org)
He cares for more than a thousand patients with spinal problems every year. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Epidural injections do not alter the course of the underlying process but may offer effective pain relief in selected patients. (medscape.com)
Caudal steroid injections should only be used for patients with leg pain of sacral origin or in whom direct access to the lumbar region is impossible. (medscape.com)
Short-term pain relief results are similar for surgical and non-surgical care of patients with disc herniation and sciatica. (flbackpaincenter.com)
This is designed to be a long-term fix and keep patients out of surgery, away from toxic steroid injections, and off addictive pain medications. (businessbroker.net)
Recently, application of BoNT-A in LUTD have become more common since the approval of intravesical BoNT-A injection for patients with both overactive bladders (OAB) and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) by regulatory agencies in many countries. (mdpi.com)
Venous thromboembolism (VTE, including deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [PE]) in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia has been extensively studied. (medscape.com)
Early prophylaxis in surgical patients with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has been associated with significant reductions in postoperative venous thrombosis. (medscape.com)
5 In 2000, 10,983 registered nurses (RNs) suffered lost-time work injuries due to lifting patients. (cdc.gov)

The patient sustained no perioperative/postoperative complications and the postoperative imaging studies showed decompression of spinal cord with no residual cyst [ Figure 3 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) implies spinal canal narrowing with possible subsequent neural compression. (medscape.com)
The lamina bone forms the backside of the spinal canal and makes a roof over the spinal cord. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Laminaplasty is the expansion of the spinal canal by cutting the laminae on one side and swinging them open like a door. (mayfieldclinic.com)
A bony projection on either side of the vertebral body called the pedicle supports the arch that protects the spinal canal. (medscape.com)

Comparison of the Efficacy of Caudal, Interlaminar, and Transforaminal Epidural Injections in Managing Lumbar Disc Herniation: Is One Method Superior to the Other? (epain.org)
The literature on the efficacy of epidural injections has been sporadic. (epain.org)
The analysis of caudal epidural injections showed the potential superiority of steroids compared with local anesthetic alone a 2-year follow-up, based on the average relief per procedure. (epain.org)
Consequently, multiple minimally invasive treatments, including epidural injections, are applied in addition to conservative management. (epain.org)
In comparison to epidural blocks, epidural injections of local anesthetic, steroids, or both are considered for the treatment of radicular pain symptoms secondary to disk herniation or postsurgical radicular pain. (medscape.com)
In the ever-expanding field of interventional pain management, epidural injections of pain medications like steroids play an important role in chronic pain management. (medscape.com)

Other reasons for spinal cord - related pain include complications of surgery, tumors, congenital disorders (conditions present at birth), blood vessel - related injury (such as after a spinal cord infarction or stroke), and inflammatory conditions involving the spinal cord. (encyclopedia.com)

A 45-year-old female presented with a lumbar spinal epidural empyema after receiving ESI for low back and right leg pain due to a lumbar disc herniation. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Memmo PA, Nadler S, Malanga G: Lumbar disc herniations: A review of surgical and non-surgical indications and outcomes. (flbackpaincenter.com)

Multiple markedly elevated inflammatory markers (WBC, ESR, CRP, and procalcitonin) and MRI evidence of an epidural empyema necessitates emergent surgical intervention to limit morbidity, neurological sequelae, and mortality. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
This physical strain on the neck is cumulative and can lead to joint pathology that may eventually require surgical intervention. (cervigard.com)
Ultrasound-guided perineural vitamin B12 injection may be an efficient and personalized intervention in cases of post-ganglionic BPI that failed to improve in the first 3 months. (bvsalud.org)
During the 6-year period, from January 1995 through December 2000, 1,728 nursing personnel were followed before and after implementation of the intervention. (cdc.gov)

In this context, in vivo models are an ideal opportunity for young neurosurgeons to train bleeding management and surgical complications in particular. (thieme-connect.de)
you're likely to suffer surgical complications. (healthy.net)

Using this method the natural support of the lamina is left in place, decreasing the chance of spinal instability. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Spinal synovial cysts, attributed to degenerative changes of the facet joints, commonly occur at the sites of segmental spinal instability. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Decompression surgery (laminectomy) opens the bony canals through which the spinal cord and nerves pass, creating more space for them to move freely. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Laminectomy is the removal of the entire bony lamina, a portion of the enlarged facet joints, and the thickened ligaments overlying the spinal cord and nerves. (mayfieldclinic.com)

Transneuronal labeling showed that the PVN and LC/subLC/Barrington complex send direct projections to the intermediolateral column at the S1 segment of the rat sacral spinal cord that provides parasympathetic innervation of the colon (Vizzard et al . (biosemiotics2013.org)

Spinal stenosis is often caused by age-related changes: arthritis, enlarged joints, bulging discs, bone spurs, and thickened ligaments (Fig. 1). (mayfieldclinic.com)
Common causes of this joint dislocation include a toe injury, arthritis, a high foot arch, wearing shoes that don?t fit properly, tightened ligaments or tendons in the foot, pressure from a bunion (when your big toe points inward toward your second toe) Spinal cord or peripheral nerve damage may cause all of your toes to curl downward. (rakuten.co.jp)
Injections only treat the symptoms, and in some cases used in caution (and sparingly) they can weaken supporting ligaments of the toe(s). (rakuten.co.jp)
2 , 8 ] Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) results in spontaneous bony bridging of the anterolateral spinal ligaments and tendons. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

1 This is related to a combination of factors including population aging, increasing numbers of spinal surgeries, increasing population morbidity of diabetes and other immune compromising conditions, and increased case finding as access to highly sensitive diagnostic imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become widespread. (emdocs.net)

Spinal cord - related pain occurs primarily after traumatic injury, usually due to motor vehicle accidents. (encyclopedia.com)
Typically, NP and BRP are most likely dermatologic signs of underlying degenerative, traumatic, or musculoskeletal cervical spinal disease. (lagunaskincenter.com)

Dr. Patel specializes in the non-surgical and interventional treatment of pinched nerves (sciatica or radiculopathy), herniated discs, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis and degenerative disc disease. (rochester.edu)

Intelligence and life span are usually normal, though the risk of infant death from compression of the cervical spinal cord and/or upper airway obstruction is increased. (medscape.com)

G-arm medical imaging systems are based on fluoroscopic X-ray and are used for a variety of diagnostic imaging and minimally invasive surgical procedures. (wikipedia.org)
State-of-the-art diagnostic procedures are part of it, as are new therapies and minimally invasive surgical interventions. (placidway.com)

16 , 31 ] Several risk factors for SEE/SEA include diabetes, intravenous drug abuse, and recent spinal surgery (most frequent cause). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
For precision surgery procedures, for example in orthopedics, it is necessary to generate a view of the surgical site from two perpendicular viewing positions, usually a frontal and a lateral view. (wikipedia.org)
Surgical procedures included craniotomy, dural opening, brain surgery and excision of an artificial tumour created by injection of coloured fibrin glue. (thieme-connect.de)
Spinal surgery was the predominant common experience. (thieme-connect.de)
In years 2014 and 2015 he enhanced his experience in complex spinal surgery with two prestigious fellowships: National Spinal Fellowship and National British Orthopaedic Association Fellowship in Spinal Surgery. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Decompression surgery for spinal stenosis is elective, except in the rare instance of cauda equina syndrome or rapidly progressing neurologic deficits. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Ask your surgeon about their training, especially if your case is complex or you've had more than one spinal surgery. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Dr Tung pursues continued medical education enthusiastically and has kept abreast of latest techniques by attending courses and attachments in Europe (SRS, SRT, spinal surgery and disc replacement), America(skull base approaches to acoustic neuroma) and more recently in China (endovascular techniques for vascular disorders). (sgortho.com.sg)
A Meniscal Arthroscopic Surgery is a surgical procedure performed in an outpatient basis to repair t. (placidway.com)
Three major routes of spread are: (1) hematogenous spread from a distant infection, (2) direct inoculation from trauma, (3) direct inoculation following invasive spinal diagnostic procedures and from spinal surgery. (wheelessonline.com)
A percentage of individuals will develop chronic, on-going lower back and/or leg pain after spinal surgery. (cartersvillechiro.com)
I entered the medical school at the Universita degli Studi G d Annunzio and qualified as a Doctor of Medicine and Surgery in 2000. (spirehealthcare.com)
In 2006, I undertook my initial training in Trauma and Orthopaedic surgery in Asclepieion Hospital, a large and busy hospital with a long tradition in Orthopaedics, where I developed my passion for spinal surgery. (spirehealthcare.com)

The orthopedic surgeons at the clinic have conducted more than 20,000 treatments and over 1,500 surgical interventions in 2016. (placidway.com)
The management of AS includes non-pharmacological, pharmacological, invasive and surgical interventions that should be tailored to each patient's disease manifestations, current symptoms, clinical findings and prognostic indicators. (bmj.com)
2000 Taché 2002 Pharmacological and surgical interventions showed that the colonic motor stimulation (motility transit defecation) in response to centrally injected CRF was unchanged after hypophysectomy adrenalectomy noradrenergic blockade and by opiate antagonist but attenuated by vagotomy and abolished by ganglionic blockade and atropine (Lenz Nutlin 3b et al . (biosemiotics2013.org)

He completed specialist training in Trauma and Orthopaedics in Yorkshire and was awarded Surgical College Fellowship in Trauma and Orthopaedics (FRCS) in 2012. (nuffieldhealth.com)

Injections with other liquid materials may require emergent surgical débridement, with the best results when the injury is treated within 6 hours. (medscape.com)

Congenital and acquired spinal stenoses place the patient at a greater risk for acute neurologic injury. (medscape.com)
Cases of neuraxial hematomas with the concurrent use of Enoxaparin and spinal/epidural anesthesia or spinal puncture have resulted in varying degrees of neurologic injuries. (lifesaverpharma.com)

Evaluation of transforaminal epidural steroid injections for discogenic axial lumbosacral back pain utilizing PROMIS as an outcome measure. (rochester.edu)
The injections should be delivered into the area of the known pathology using midline, paravertebral, or transforaminal approaches. (medscape.com)

Spinal epidural empyema (SEE), also called spinal epidural abscesses (SEA), posts a significant risk of neurological morbidity and mortality (e.g., rates of 4-31% worldwide). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
The most significant modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality is time to surgical decompression, as neurological symptoms are produced by local mass effect and abscess intrusion into spinal cord arterial blood supply, disc spaces, and spinal cord segments. (emdocs.net)

His specialist interest includes assessment, non-surgical and surgical treatment of adult spinal conditions. (nuffieldhealth.com)

Although the disorder often results from acquired degenerative changes ( spondylosis ), spinal stenosis may also be congenital in nature (see Etiology). (medscape.com)

Shifting the C-arm must normally be done many times during the surgical procedure, taking additional time and increasing the radiation exposure to patient and staff. (wikipedia.org)
With the G-arm the stand can stay in a fixed position during the entire surgical procedure as both imaging planes can be viewed simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
The procedure is commonly performed as a sole anesthetic or in combination with spinal or general anesthetic. (medscape.com)
There are a number of other, less invasive treatments such as cortisone injection, which has been a standard procedure for 30 years, and chemonucleolysis, in which the soft nucleus is dissolved away by a powerful enzyme such as chymopapain, derived from papaya. (healthy.net)
The first injection should be given 2 hours before the surgical procedure. (lifesaverpharma.com)

Therapeutic epidural spinal injections (ESIs) of steroids are one of the most common nonsurgical management modalities employed for alleviating pain due to chronic persistent lumbar spinal disease. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Spinal nerve ligation (SNL), but not paclitaxel treatment, in male Sprague Dawley rats induced a consistent low-level hypomethylation in the CpG sites in the DRG during the acute and chronic phases of neuropathic pain. (jneurosci.org)
Diagnosis is usually based on the knowledge of a prior spinal cord or brain injury, coupled with the development of a chronic pain syndrome. (encyclopedia.com)

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare, highly morbid, and often life-threatening, neurosurgical emergency characterized most often by a suppurative monomicrobial infection of the central nervous system, confined within the epidural space between the dura mater and the vertebral periosteum. (emdocs.net)
Spinal infections involve pyogenic or granulomatous infections of the vertebral column, intervertebral discs, the dural sac or the epidural space. (wheelessonline.com)
The most common primary spinal infection is pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. (wheelessonline.com)
The spinal column is of relatively normal length but becomes kyphotic as a result of vertebral anomalies and body habitus. (medscape.com)

Injections with air, gas, or small amounts of veterinary vaccines can usually be managed with observation and serial examinations if there is no concern about compartment syndrome. (medscape.com)

Here, we present a patient with an acute cauda equina syndrome due to an MR-documented L4- L5 SEE/SEA following a spinal epidural spinal injection (ESI). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Central pain syndrome is a type of pain that occurs because of injuries to the brain or spinal cord . (encyclopedia.com)
research suggests a range of 25-85% of all individuals with spinal cord injuries will experience central pain syndrome. (encyclopedia.com)
In general, central pain syndrome is thought to occur either because the transmission of pain signals in the nerve tracts of the spinal cord is faulty, or because the brain isn't processing pain signals properly. (encyclopedia.com)

Mr Rudol is a full-time fellowship-trained consultant orthopaedic spinal surgeon. (nuffieldhealth.com)

During my residency I travelled to Salt Lake City, Utah, USA where I spent six months at the Spinal Department of University of Utah under the supervision of the internationally renowned Professor Darrel Brodke. (spirehealthcare.com)

22 , 30 , 31 , 33 - 35 ] Fever, spinal tenderness/back pain, and progressive neurological deficits are the triad of symptoms/signs classically seen with SEE/SEA. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Adequate relief of pain with trial spinal oipoids is mandatory before proceeding to more permanent procedures for long-term treatment. (slideserve.com)
The centre for precision rehabilitation for spinal pain. (eurospine.org)
Let's consider two published studies in which non-surgical care not requiring invasive procedures fared better for the relief of sciatic leg pain. (flbackpaincenter.com)
Long-term results are not statistically different for surgical and non-surgical care for relief of leg pain. (flbackpaincenter.com)
Six weeks before, he had received for 3 days gluteal injections with kebusone (an intramuscular nonsteriodal antiinflammatory drug [NSAID]) for acute lower back pain. (cdc.gov)
They use non-surgical injections to restore damaged tissue, decrease pain, and increase quality of life. (businessbroker.net)
However, the patient becomes aware of a 'slipped disc' when the leaked nucleus puts pressure on a spinal nerve, causing localised pain that can be severe. (healthy.net)
Pain, bluish marks at injection sites to skin rash at injection sites. (lifesaverpharma.com)
Cortisone injections are strong anti-inflammatory agents to decrease pain, and swelling directly at the toe region. (rakuten.co.jp)

[ 5 , 6 ] The clinical effects of the high-pressure injection injury depend upon a number of variables, including the pressures involved, chemical toxicity, and the quantity of material injected and its temperature. (medscape.com)
Lumbar epidural steroid injections: is a clinical trial necessary or appropriate? (asra.com)
Although infiltrative lipomas are not uncommon, the clinical and surgical challenges they often present due to local functional damage and recurrence are infrequently described. (thieme-connect.com)

Radiographs may facilitate the surgical strategy by localizing subcutaneous air, debris, or unanticipated fractures. (medscape.com)
and IGF therapy must be delivered by subcutaneous injections. (uveitis.org)

This chapter describes both primary and post-operative spinal infections. (wheelessonline.com)

Embolization has been used as a presurgical maneuver in the treatment of a variety of primary and secondary spinal tumors (6-22) . (ajnr.org)
However, secondary to the surgical nature of these injuries, routine preoperative evaluation may be initiated in the emergency department. (medscape.com)
Spinal infections can also develop postoperatively and most often develop secondary to direct inoculation of the wound. (wheelessonline.com)
Primary spinal infections are described as infections of the vertebrae that are not secondary to an operation. (wheelessonline.com)

Initial treatment of high-pressure injection injury includes tetanus prophylaxis, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and consultation with a hand surgeon. (medscape.com)

Treatment in spinal stenosis can be conservative or surgical. (medscape.com)
However, when asked open endedly about these three critiques are very limited value in with more intensive kidney vs ed injections viagra and appropriate treatment would be between 3% and 5% (15). (ben.edu)
The first broadly used copolymer-based embolic agent Onyx benefits from a large amount of available experience and data, which demonstrated its safety and efficacy in the treatment of cerebral vascular malformations, while its drawbacks include temporary loss of visibility during longer injections and artifacts in cross-sectional imaging. (springer.com)

He utilizes conservative and physical/functional rehabilitative measures in combination with injections and minimally invasive spinal procedures to provide long-term success in the management of spinal disorders. (rochester.edu)

In spinal disorders, he aims for motion preservation, reversible treatments that can be repeated in preference to fusion. (sgortho.com.sg)

Heavy manual workers are most at risk but, less obviously, so are people who do a lot of driving - thought to be due to engine vibrations compacting the spinal discs. (healthy.net)

Twenty-eight days after the first injection, a gluteal abscess developed, which was surgically drained, without perioperative antimicrobial therapy. (cdc.gov)

Preoperative embolization of spinal metastases of renal origin with polyvinyl alcohol particles is safe and might reduce intraoperative blood loss significantly. (ajnr.org)
There is, however, limited data about the effect of preoperative embolization on intraoperative blood loss in spinal metastases of renal origin (6, 7, 15) . (ajnr.org)

Anatomy60

Organisms16

Diseases49

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment61

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Health Care6

Narrowing of the spinal canal4

Cord injury5

Stenosis of the spinal2

Marked spinal stenosis1

Spine12

Patients21

Decompression of spinal1

Canal4

Epidural injections6

Involving the spinal cord1

Lumbar disc2

Intervention4

Complications2

Instability2

Laminectomy2

Sacral1

Ligaments4

Surgeries1

Traumatic2

Spondylolisthesis1

Cervical spinal1

Minimally invasive surgical2

Surgery13

Interventions3

FRCS1

Emergent surgical1

Neurologic2

Transforaminal2

Morbidity2

Adult spinal1

Degenerative changes1

Procedure5

Chronic3

Vertebral4

Compartment syndrome1

Syndrome4

Orthopaedic1

Residency1

Pain10

Clinical3

Subcutaneous2

Post-operative1

Secondary4

Prophylaxis1

Treatment3

Conservative1

Treatments1

Discs1

Abscess1

Preoperative2