• Alan Williams FRS (25 May 1945 - 9 April 1992) was an Australian immunologist noted for his work on the identification and characterization of cell surface receptors that defined different classes of lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was in the lab of Rodney Porter than he began the seminal work which would exemplify his career, namely the characterization of receptors on B and T lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • His group also demonstrated that Thy1 was retained on the cell surface through a lipid anchor rather than via transmembrane domains, something which had not previously been appreciated but which is now known to be a feature of many receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin family of receptors, plays an integral role in signal transduction, and T cell differentiation and activation. (peprotech.com)
  • Molecule composed of the non-covalent association of the T-cell antigen receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL) with the CD3 complex (CD3 COMPLEX). (ouhsc.edu)
  • Molecules on the surface of lymphocytes called homing receptors interact specifically with HEV and play a central role in the migration. (wdv.com)
  • Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). (bvsalud.org)
  • The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA). (bvsalud.org)
  • Ly6C high MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
  • The lymphocyte function-associated LFA-1, CD2, and LFA-3 molecules: cell adhesion receptors of the immune system. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While MHC class 1 molecules deliver antigens to cytotoxic T cells with CD8+ receptors, MHC class 2 molecules present antigens to helper T cells with CD4+ receptors. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Because the binding of the TCR to the MHC molecule containing the antigen peptide is a bit unstable, co-receptors are necessary to stabilize the binding of the TCR. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Triggering of the T3-Ti receptor complex induces a rapid increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ and gives rise to specific antigen-induced proliferation through an autocrine pathway involving endogenous interleukin-2 production, release and subsequent binding to interleukin-2 receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Like other Ly6/uPAR-related proteins, SLURP-1 folds into a particular shape and is thought to attach (bind) to other proteins called receptors to carry out signaling within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are best known for their role in chemical signaling between nerve cells, but they are also found in other tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The success linked to this work on Thy1 prompted Williams to expand the search for surface molecules on lymphocytes that could be used to characterize these cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Antigens are foreign molecules that initiate an immune response, they have inherent immunogenicity (Tortora & Grabowski, 1996). (referat.ru)
  • These experiments show that the thymocytes which can form junctions lack expression of Lyt-2 and la antigens, but express Lyt-1 molecules. (gla.ac.uk)
  • To establish whether these cells were differentiated into iDCs, we analysed the expression of cell surface molecules on these cells and the capacity to capture antigens using flow cytometry. (eur.nl)
  • Upon maturation, these MMF-iDCs upregulated CD83 and costimulatory molecules and HLA-DR on their surface, indicating that these cells respond to LPS, albeit less than control iDCs. (eur.nl)
  • This paper examines the analytical power of fluorescence activated cell sorting and immunorosetting technique as compared with the newly devised microplate selection technique in identifying transfected murine L cells expressing human surface molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • Загальні відомості про імунну систему The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) must be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs (which specialize in presenting antigens to T cells) to be recognized by CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage, do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Definition of the receptor and ligand molecules as CD2 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3). (ox.ac.uk)
  • CTLA4 is similar to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells. (mytaq.net)
  • In all nucleated cells, MHC-I molecules may be detected on their surfaces. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Each and every nucleated cell has MHC-I molecules, which may be located on their surface. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • MHC I molecules are one of the two major classes of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules and are located on the cell surface of all nucleated cells. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • MHC II molecules are the other primary class of MHC molecules and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • To display processed antigens to CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, which are predominantly generated from foreign sources, the primary role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules is to be found in the body's immune system. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Accordingly, the activation of the antigen-specific immune response is dependent on MHC class II molecules. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • MHC molecules are a group of cell surface proteins that are encoded by a group of genes known as the MHC gene family. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Class I and class II MHC molecules have a role in antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, which aids in the differentiation of human cells from foreign cells. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC class II molecules), and they are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • MHC class I molecules are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • MHC class I molecules are presented to cytotoxic T cells, whereas MHC class II molecules are presented to helper T cells. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • T cells recognize peptide antigens bound to glycoprotein molecules in the membrane and deliver them to the cells in the body that recognize them. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • In addition, MHC class I molecules are involved in the ** absorption of nutrients in the gut, the regulation of * metabolism, and the regulation of ** cell activity, among other things. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • The expression of CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II molecules on the sCD40L-activated B cell was significantly increased after long-time culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The adipocyte was reported as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) which expresses CD1d and MHC class I and II molecules. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, like other nucleated cells, adipocytes express MHC class I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies using cloned antigen-specific T lymphocytes and monoclonal antibodies directed at their various surface glycoprotein components have led to identification of the human T cell antigen receptor as a surface complex comprised of a clonotypic 90 kDa Ti heterodimer and the invariant 20 and 25 kDa T3 molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Approximately 30,000-40,000 Ti and T3 molecules exist on the surface of human T lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
  • Cisplatin is an alkylating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis and, thus, cell proliferation by causing DNA cross-links and denaturation of the double helix. (medscape.com)
  • Vinblastine inhibits microtubule formation, which disrupts formation of the mitotic spindle, causing cell proliferation to arrest at metaphase. (medscape.com)
  • the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation and activity of leukocytes (Dale et. (referat.ru)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a monoclonal disorder characterized by a progressive proliferation and accumulation of mature yet functionally incompetent lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS , increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. (lookformedical.com)
  • Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
  • Moreover, thrombin-treated MSCs maintained the phenotypic features, in vitro osteogenesis and adipogenesis capacities, and inhibitory activity on Phytohemagglutinin-induced allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the skin, nAChRs regulate the activity of genes involved in the growth and division (proliferation), maturation (differentiation), and survival of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a humanized antibody that overcomes CTLA-4-mediated T-cell suppression to enhance the immune response against tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Establishing a collaboration with Cesar Milstein, who had recently developed hybridoma technology along with Georges Kohler, Williams made a number of discoveries including identification of a cell surface molecule that later proved to be the coreceptor CD4 which identifies helper T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD45 is a signaling molecule that regulates a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, cell cycle, and oncogenic transformation. (biolegend.com)
  • The molecule consists of up to seven chains: either the alpha/beta or gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor, and four or five chains in the CD3 complex. (ouhsc.edu)
  • This study aims to explore molecule signaling mediating MC subset differentiation in HHcy and control mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, these findings demonstrate that T11TS on sheep E and LFA-3 on human E are serologically related, providing further support for the notion that T11TS and LFA-3 are the sheep and human forms of the same cell interaction molecule. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Description: The RPA-T8 monoclonal antibody reacts with the human CD8a molecule, an approximately 32-34 kDa cell surface receptor expressed either as a heterodimer with the CD8 beta chain (CD8 alpha/beta) or as a homodimer (CD8 alpha/alpha). (thermofisher.com)
  • CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • The guidelines describe single-platform technology (SPT), a process in which absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are measured from a single tube by a single instrument. (cdc.gov)
  • With CD45 gating, the relative numbers of beads and lymphocyte subsets are enumerated, and their absolute numbers and percentage values are calculated. (cdc.gov)
  • Various subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with different cytokine productions develop in the mouse thymus, but the factors driving their differentiation remain unclear. (nih.gov)
  • Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Murine MC are divided into three subsets based on surface expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6C) ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
  • Phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte subsets and apoptosis were evaluated with flow cytometry. (karger.com)
  • The SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and other laboratory parameters were further correlated with frequencies of different T cell subsets. (bmj.com)
  • Major emphasis will be given to the CD45RA+CD45RO- (putative phenotypic markers for """"""""naive"""""""" T-cells) and CD45RA-CD45RO+ (putative phenotypic markers for """"""""memory"""""""" T-cells) subsets of CD4+ T-cells, which will be isolated through negative magnetic selection with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and magnetic beads. (grantome.com)
  • PeproTech's CHO cell-derived Recombinant Human sCD8α is a monomeric glycoprotein of 161 amino acid residues, which corresponds to the extracellular domain of CD8α. (peprotech.com)
  • CD45 is a 180-240 kD single chain type I membrane glycoprotein also known as leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and T200. (biolegend.com)
  • CD44 is an integral cell membrane glycoprotein with a postulated role in matrix adhesion lymphocyte activation and lymph node homing. (wdv.com)
  • 1989) demonstrated that the lymphocyte homing receptor is identical to the human leukocyte surface glycoprotein called CDw44, on the basis of studies at the Third International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens. (wdv.com)
  • 1989)' 'demonstrated' 'sameness' 'the human leukocyte surface glycoprotein' 'is called' 'CDw44' 'studies' 'were conducted at' 'the Third International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens. (wdv.com)
  • the lymphocyte homing receptor' 'also appears to be identical'' to the Pgp-1 glycoprotein of Omary et al. (wdv.com)
  • This antibody recognises mouse CD19, which is a transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates B lymphocyte development, activation, and differentiation. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • Because of its surface-exposed location, the glycoprotein gp120 which is anchored to the viral surface by gp-41, a transmembrane unit, seemed a natural first choice as a subunit vaccine candidate. (scielo.br)
  • Serologic cross-reactivity of T11 target structure and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3. (ox.ac.uk)
  • T11 target structure (T11TS) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA) 3 are the cell-surface glycoproteins on sheep and human erythrocytes (E) binding to cluster differentiation 2 (the E-receptor) on T cells in E rosette formation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Flow cytometric analysis of CD19 expression on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 (clone SJ25C1) Brilliant Violet 650™ (filled histogram) or mouse IgG1, κ Brilliant Violet 650™ isotype control (open histogram). (biolegend.com)
  • CD19 is involved in B cell development, activation, and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • This antibody was raised by immunising rats with mouse CD19-expressing K562 human erythroleukemia cells. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • Self-renewal of B-1 lymphocytes is dependent on CD19. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • B cell activation and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • In particular focussed on regulation of cell surface expression of activation and differentiation antigens, and production of T-cell cytokines. (grantome.com)
  • Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ligation of MHC-I/peptide complexes presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), triggers the recruitment of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), which leads to lymphokine production, motility and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. (peprotech.com)
  • Several cells are known to initiate the process of plasma cell differentiation and are known collectively as antigen presenting cells (APCs) (Waller & Renwick, 1994). (referat.ru)
  • Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We aimed to clarify whether soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) activated B cells may be loaded with HBcAg18-27 peptide and served as antigen-producing cells (APCs) to induce HBV-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that sCD40L-activated B cells may function as APCs and induce HBV-specific CTLs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Efficient antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs) is critical for inducing T-cell mediated immunity in vivo [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we provide evidence that the activated B cells may serve as APCs to present core peptide of HBV to cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a terminal cell type, B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can usually be cultured for 2-3 weeks only, which limits the application of B cells as APCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, we introduce adipocytes as APCs to participate in T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. (frontiersin.org)
  • CD8 exists on the cell surface, where the CD8α chain is essential for binding to MHC-I. CD8 is also expressed on a subset of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and dendritic cells as disulfide-linked homodimers of CD8α. (peprotech.com)
  • The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Results: The presence of MMF during the differentiation of monocytes into iDCs resulted in cells that retained low levels of CD14 and hardly expressed CD1a. (eur.nl)
  • Monocytes (MC) are bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear phagocytes that play an important role in innate immune response and are the major immune cell population in chronic tissue inflammatory ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over about 8 hours, they develop into macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • VSV infection triggered rapid differentiation of blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells as well as their apoptosis, which depended on caspase 3/7 activation. (karger.com)
  • Generated to the HL60 promyelocytic cell line, it can react with all hematopoietic myeloid cells, granulocytes and normal monocytes, as well as leukemic cells from some patients with AML, AMML, and ALL. (duke.edu)
  • Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)
  • These antigens can thus be especially useful for the classification of leukemias and as a marker of myeloid cell differentiation. (duke.edu)
  • Antibodies are immunoglobulins, modified blood proteins with a specific action against antigens. (referat.ru)
  • 1994). This sequence involves more than thirty proteins (Mollnes & Harboe, 1996) and has the function of the destruction and removal of invading micro-organisms and subcellular debris and to promote clearance of antigen-antibody complexes (Dale et. (referat.ru)
  • In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
  • MS-based validation using primary specimens detected 30 proteins with significantly higher abundance in patient MM cells than controls. (bmj.com)
  • Nine of these proteins were identified as potential immunotherapeutic targets, including five that were validated by FCM, confirming their expression on the cell surface of primary MM patient cells. (bmj.com)
  • Diagnosis of MM is based on morphological features, imaging studies, analysis of myeloma cell-produced proteins, and testing of the blood, urine, and bone marrow (BM). (bmj.com)
  • In this way, the class I MHC serves to alert cytotoxic T lymphocytes to the presence of intracellular proteins in the body (CTLs). (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Their role is to display peptide fragments of proteins from within the cell to cytotoxic T cells, causing the immune system to mount a rapid reaction to a specific non-self antigen that has been presented with the assistance of an MHC class I protein. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Both kinds of proteins are tasked with the responsibility of displaying peptides on the cell surface in order for T lymphocytes to recognize them. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • HLA are proteins or markers found on most cells in your body. (mpninfo.org)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)
  • When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. (bvsalud.org)
  • CD8 binds to MHC class I and through its association with protein tyrosine kinase p56lck plays a role in T-cell development and activation of mature T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. (hindawi.com)
  • Lymphokines are cytokines, regulators of the immune reactions which are produced by lymphocytes. (referat.ru)
  • The normal replication and differentiation of pre-B cells is probably regulated by complex interactions with multiple cytokines and matrix components of the marrow microenvironment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The suppressive effects of MSC-derived exosomes and the MSCs in this injury model were evaluated by the level of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histopathological examinations, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the population alteration of regulatory T cells (Treg) among non-parenchymal liver cells (NPCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • 1983) showed that the antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies A3D8 and A1G3 are determined by genes on 11p. (wdv.com)
  • The 2E8 cells had rearranged and expressed κ light-chain genes but displayed them on the surface along with surrogate light chains and μ heavy chains. (elsevierpure.com)
  • After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.cn)
  • We describe the first report of RNA sequencing of 5' capped (Pol II) RNAs isolated from acutely hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh 7.5 cells that provides a general approach to identifying differentially expressed annotated and unannotated genes that participate in viral-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
  • Researchers speculate that without SLURP-1, the activity of genes controlled by nAChR signaling is altered, leading to overgrowth of skin cells or survival of cells that normally would have died. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • Teplizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) antigen, which is coexpressed with the T-cell receptor (TCR) on the surface of T-lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Fluorescence labelled antibodies that target the immunophenotypical surface antigens (cluster of differentiation, CD) are available for multiple cell types, particularly lymphocytes. (laboklin.com)
  • Description: CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4) is also known as CD152 (Cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system. (mytaq.net)
  • Cluster of Differentiation system of classifying lymphocytes according to antigen collections on their cell surfaces, also called CD markers, eg rituximab destroys B cells that have CD20 antigen on their surface. (mpninfo.org)
  • It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on B cells (from pro-B to blastoid B cells, absent on plasma cells) and follicular dendritic cells. (biolegend.com)
  • B lineage (except plasma cells), follicular dendritic cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Objectives: As dendritic cells (DCs) present in these skin lesions play a key role in the activation of Th lymphocytes, we investigated the effects of MMF on monocyte-derived DC differentiation. (eur.nl)
  • Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • MHC I and II are found on all nucleated body cells, with MHC II being found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells being the most common types (along with MHC I). Domains 1 and 2 of MHC I combine to create the antigen-binding cleft of the protein. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), activated macrophages, and activated B cells are all capable of presenting antigen peptides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and type I interferons (IFNs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a subject of controversy. (cnrs.fr)
  • Forms a complex with CD21, CD81 and CD225 in the membrane of mature B cells and interacts with VAV and LYN. (biolegend.com)
  • The interaction of antibody with specific antigen results in the formation of the antibody-antigen complex. (referat.ru)
  • This complex has several functions: for instance, to immobilise an antigen therefore preventing attack upon host cells, to block active toxic regions of particular bacteria, and to allow phagocytic attack. (referat.ru)
  • Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell" by people in this website by year, and whether "Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell" by people in Profiles. (ouhsc.edu)
  • We now show that one member of this family (approximately 33 kD) was associated with the μ+surrogate light-chain complex on the 1A9 pre-B-cell clone. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye ( FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE , DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody ( FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE , INDIRECT). (lookformedical.com)
  • The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES . (lookformedical.com)
  • A complex of cells consisting of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangium lacis cells, the macula densa of the distal convoluted tubule, and granular epithelial peripolar cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • The CD40L-activated B cells may be continually expanded and the B cells significantly up-regulate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II and induce the expression of CD80 and CD86. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, there is no clear evidence that adipocytes interact directly with CD8 + T cells through antigen:MHCI complex. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ontogeny, structure and function of the human T lymphocyte receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex. (ox.ac.uk)
  • genetics of a complex differentiation process. (lu.se)
  • Earlier we found that the beneficial effects of FAE medication are accompanied by a downregulation of type 1 cytokine production by T-helper (Th) lymphocytes, which are important as they maintain a type 1 cytokine [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2] environment in the skin lesions of psoriasis vulgaris patients and once maximal beneficial effects are obtained type 2 cytokine production is also decreased. (eur.nl)
  • In vitro MMF selectively induced type 2 cytokine production by primed Th lymphocytes, whereas type 1 cytokine production by and profileration of T lymphocytes were unaffected. (eur.nl)
  • For this purpose we measured cytokine production by these LPS-stimulated cells (MMF-DCs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as well as their ability to activate naive Th lymphocytes. (eur.nl)
  • Consequently, these MMF-DCs are less effective than control DCs in stimulating type 1 cytokine, but not type 2 cytokine production, in Th lymphocytes. (eur.nl)
  • One unusual lymphocyte clone (2E8) was propagated for more than 1 year in IL-7 alone and was selectively responsive to that cytokine. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Monocyte differentiation required infectious VSV, but loss of CD14+ cells was also associated with the presence of a cytokine/chemokine milieu produced in response to VSV infection. (karger.com)
  • They are useful for determining the molecular requirements for pre-B replication, for studying the stromal cells that supply those factors, and for delineating the final sequence of differentiation events as newly formed lymphocytes prepare to exit the bone marrow. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. (bmj.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies reactive with myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow or cells undergoing early myeloid differentiation are capable of detecting antigens that may then appear at discrete stages of myeloid maturation or on cells from some patients with myeloid and/ or monocytic leukemia. (duke.edu)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells that were initially isolated from bone marrow[ 1 ] and characterized by the fibroblast-like appearance in culture and the capacities to form bone, adipose and cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the quantity of MSCs is very low in bone marrow (about 0.001 to 0.01% of the mononuclear cells) and in vitro expansion is the prerequisite for their clinical application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BMT allogeneic bone marrow transplant someone else's marrow MUD-bone marrow transplant marrow from matched unrelated donor SBMT-syngeneic bone marrow transplant identical twin's marrow PBPC peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant PBSCT peripheral blood stem cell transplant PBSCR peripheral blood stem cell rescue PSCT or PSCR same as above without the word "blood. (mpninfo.org)
  • and HLA typing and matching Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is used to match patients and donors for allogeneic bone marrow transplants. (mpninfo.org)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • Most of the lymphocyte clones were not tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ly6C high MC expressed higher levels of macrophage (MΦ) markers, whereas, Ly6C low MC highly expressed lymphocyte markers in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • HHcy in Cbs -/- mice reinforced inflammatory features in Ly6C high MC by upregulating inflammatory TFs ( Ets1 and Tbx21 ) and strengthened lymphocytes functional adaptation in Ly6C low MC by increased expression of CD3, DR3, ICOS, and Fos . (frontiersin.org)
  • Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
  • Determined by its ability to induce plate adhesion of PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells. (peprotech.com)
  • CD2, also known as LFA-2, T11, and the E rosette receptor, is a T lymphocyte surface protein functionally important in adhesion to target cells and T cell triggering. (ox.ac.uk)
  • LFA-3 is a widely distributed cell surface protein that functions in adhesion on target cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We find that LFA-3 is expressed on human E, and that CD2 is a receptor for LFA-3 that mediates T cell adhesion to human E. Pretreatment of T lymphocytes with CD2 mAb or of E with LFA-3 mAb inhibits rosetting. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The goal of this research proposal is to study in detail the recently established T-cell costimulatory roles of the adhesion pathways LFA-l/ICAM-1, VLA-4/VCAM-1 and CD2/LFA-3 + CD59. (grantome.com)
  • To reach the stated goal, there are two specific aims: 1) Analysis of the role of costimulatory adhesion pathways LFA-l/ICAM-1, VLA-4/VCAM-1 and CD2/LFA-3 + CD59, in post-thymus differentiation and maturation of human CD4+ T-cells under in vitro cell culture conditions. (grantome.com)
  • Little is known about molecular mecha- desmosomal glycoproteins, resulting in the nisms affecting mast cell and T lympho- loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) lymphocytes were stained with Mouse Anti-Human CD3e PE-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB100P ) and either (A) Mouse Anti-Human CD8a Alexa Fluor® 647-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB1509R) or (B) Mouse IgG 2B Alexa Fluor 647 Isotype Control (Catalog # IC0041R ). (rndsystems.com)
  • By directly measuring the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), elevated circulating frequencies of Th17 cells have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with inconsistent results regarding the correlation with disease activities. (bmj.com)
  • 1 , 2 Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased levels of IL-17 in blood and renal tissues, and higher frequencies of Th17 cells are found by directly measuring CD4-positive IL-17-producing T cells upon in vitro activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), with inconsistent results regarding the correlation between IL-17 levels or frequencies of Th17 cells and disease activities. (bmj.com)
  • It is a tyrosine phosphatase expressed on the plasma membrane of all hematopoietic cells, except erythrocytes and platelets. (biolegend.com)
  • ASM deficiency causes intra-lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin (and cholesterol and other cell membrane lipids) in various tissues. (medscape.com)
  • The development of technology to produce monoclonal antibodies for the immunological detection of cell membrane antigens has been extensively applied to the identification of human lymphocyte cell surface antigens. (duke.edu)
  • This invention is a murine monoclonal antibody used to detect cell membrane antigens specific for human myeloid cells. (duke.edu)
  • Evidence from cDNA clones that the rat leukocyte-common antigen (T200) spans the lipid bilayer and contains a cytoplasmic domain of 80,000 Mr". Cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Graft-Versus-Host Disease complication of allogeneic BMT in which immune cells in the transplanted marrow treat the recipient's tissues (the patient's) as foreign and cause an immunologic attack. (mpninfo.org)
  • The analysis was extended to immature lymphocytes of the thymus, and population of thymocytes was identified which was able to form junctions with murine fibroblasts, Swiss 3T3 and a BALB/c 3T3 and the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase mutant (HGPRT-) subline of BHK/C13 baby hampster kidney fibroblast line TG2. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The implications of the immature surface antigen expression and the ability to form junctions are discussed and the position of thymocytes which can form junctions in intrathymic lymphocyte differentiation and development are explored. (gla.ac.uk)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • Antigen-specific CD40L-activated B cells may efficiently endocytose and present antigens, such as protein, RNA, and cDNA, to prime primary T cells and boost robust memory T-cell responses [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Staining of normal human peripheral blood cells with Anti-Human CD3 APC (Product # 17-0038-42) and 0.25 µg of Mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control eFluor® 450 (Product # 48-4714-82) (left) or Anti-Human CD8a eFluor® 450 (right). (thermofisher.com)
  • A majority of thymocytes and a subpopulation of mature T cells and NK cells express CD8a. (thermofisher.com)
  • The investigations outlined in this research proposal will contribute to a more detailed insight in the mechanisms involved in T-cell differentiation/maturation. (grantome.com)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (chronic lymphoid leukemia, CLL) is a monoclonal disorder characterized by a progressive accumulation of functionally incompetent lymphocytes (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Pembrolizumab is a programed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) inhibitor. (medscape.com)
  • This protein is found in skin cells and other cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Conclusions This MM surface N -glycoproteome will be a valuable resource in the development of biomarkers and therapeutics. (bmj.com)
  • 1993. Cell 74:143. (biolegend.com)
  • LymphokinesThe antigen on the surface of the APC triggers TH-cells to produce hormone-like lymphokines (Lessof, 1993). (referat.ru)
  • that regulate the differentiation and activation of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • We examined frequencies of Th17 cells by sorting the purified CD4 T cells bearing the CD45RO marker, followed by intracellular IL-17A staining after in vitro activation. (bmj.com)
  • Frequencies of Th1 and T Foxp3 cells were also measured by intracellular IFN-γ and Foxp3 staining, respectively. (bmj.com)
  • Using PBMC from 48 patients with SLE and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals, we examined the frequency of Th17 cells in purified CD4-positive T cells bearing CD45RO, a well-known differentiated memory T cell marker, followed by intracellular IL-17A staining upon in vitro activation. (bmj.com)
  • Intracellular CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells and may be important to their function. (mytaq.net)
  • Following this his group generated antibodies that identified rat CD8, a marker of cytotoxic T cells as well as rat CD45. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ipilimumab is able to inhibit the effects of CTLA-4 on T cells and allows the expansion of naturally developed melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-cells. (medscape.com)
  • Cytotoxic T cells, for example, are CD3 and CD8 positive and CD21 and CD4 negative. (laboklin.com)
  • The cellular immune status includes a large blood profile as well as the determination of the relative and absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocytes: B cells, T cells, total CD4+ (T helper cells) and CD8+ (cytotoxic T cells) cells. (laboklin.com)
  • Thymocytes were fractionated using a range of monoclonal antibodies specific for a range of lymphocyte surface antigens using complement mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). (gla.ac.uk)
  • It is a simple procedure not requiring costly equipment and with a detection capacity equivalent to that of the fluorescence activated cell sorter. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The abbreviation FACS stands for fluorescence activated cell sorting. (laboklin.com)
  • Five stromal-cell-dependent lymphocyte clones are described that correspond to late pre-B or early B-cell stages of differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • 1995). ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYThe adaptive immune system is split into two mechanisms: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. (referat.ru)
  • The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
  • There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • Once activated, CTLs play a crucial role in the clearance of pathogens and tumor cells. (peprotech.com)
  • NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)
  • The function of the adaptive immune system is to recognize, remember and destroy invading pathogens through their antigens, and relieve pathogen-associated toxicities. (frontiersin.org)
  • The mouse monoclonal antibody Hermes-3 recognizes the 85-95 kD human lymphocyte homing receptor. (wdv.com)
  • 1983) used a murine monoclonal antibody (A3D8) to identify an erythrocyte antigen inhibited by the In(Lu) gene. (wdv.com)
  • In an excellent issue, J.P. Di SANTO focuses on murine NK cells, although parallels to human NK cell biology are also made. (scielo.br)
  • Virus release was evaluated in a murine cell line (L929). (karger.com)
  • It is composed of GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS and their EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. (lookformedical.com)
  • A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Finally, we established 3 groups of transcriptional models to describe Ly6C high to Ly6C low MC subset differentiation, immune checkpoint regulation, Ly6C high MC to MΦ subset differentiation and Ly6C low MC to lymphocyte functional adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
  • a clone of plasma cells capable of the production of antibodies. (referat.ru)
  • Most lymphocyte clones were similar to uncloned lymphocytes from Whitlock-Witte cultures in that they responded only transiently to interleukin-7 (IL-7) and then died, unless maintained on a stromal-cell clone. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, one pre-B clone (1A9) grew autonomously in culture when held at high density, responded to conditioned medium from a number of cell lines, and was tumorigenic. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tumors derived from this clone were infiltrated by stromal cells and lymphocytes taken from the tumors' retained characteristics of the original clone. (elsevierpure.com)
  • While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.cn)
  • The T cell functions are most strongly affected by the damage, particularly quantitative and qualitative damage of the T helper cell population. (laboklin.com)
  • CD4 T helper (Th) cells can differentiate from naïve status into antigen-experienced effectors with distinct characteristics, such as the interleukin 17 (IL-17)-secreting Th17 subset. (bmj.com)
  • CTLA4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which is expressed on the surface of Helper T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. (mytaq.net)
  • Among its many functions is the binding of peptide antigens and the presentation of these antigens to CD8+ T lymphocytes (T helper cells) MHC-I antigen is recognized by CD8 T lymphocytes as a distinct antigen. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • MHC-I attaches to endogenous antigens and makes them available to T helper cells for presentation. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Its primary purpose is to bind peptide antigens and deliver them to CD8+ T lymphocytes (T helper cells) MHC-I antigen is recognized by CD8 T lymphocytes. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Antigen bound by MHC-I is presented to T helper cells, which are then activated. (virginialeenlaw.com)
  • Several glycoproteins have recently been demonstrated to be associated with surface immunoglobulin (Ig) on mature B-lineage cells and plasma-cell tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results We identified 696 MM cell surface N -glycoproteins by CSC, and developed 73 targeted MS detection assays. (bmj.com)
  • The primary aim of this research was to examine the ability of lymphoid cells to form permeable intercellular communicating junctions (gap junctions). (gla.ac.uk)
  • Established techniques, based on the detection of intercellular exchange of radiolabelled nucleotides, were used to analyse the junction formation between the adherent lymphoid tumour cell line RAJI and other cell lines of known junction forming ability. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The results show no detectable junction formation between PBL and a range of junction-forming cell lines and the adherent lymphoid line RAJI. (gla.ac.uk)
  • the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
  • 1. To be able to describe the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in Date of Original Release: April 2014. (cdc.gov)
  • NKT: Natural killer T innate lymphoid cells and their role in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is 5 µl per million cells in 100 µl staining volume or 5 µl per 100 µl of whole blood. (biolegend.com)
  • One group utilised in the flow cytometric identification of B cells in a study investigating the relation of microglia depletion and MPTP neurotoxicity (Yang et al. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • Applications Tested: This RPA-T8 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • T-cell numbers were derived from three measurements deter- attributable to the decrease in the number of T cells that bear mined with two different instruments, a hematology analyzer the CD4 receptor ( 5-9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is largely attributable to the decrease in T-lymphocytes bearing the CD4 receptor (CD4+) (1-5). (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: MMF inhibited the monocyte-derived DC differentiation resulting in cells that cannot be appropriately matured to DCs. (eur.nl)
  • Conclusions By examining the sorted CD45RO-positive memory CD4 T cells, we confirm the dysregulation of Th17/IL-17 in SLE, implicating the potential to treat lupus patients with selective IL-17/IL-17R blockades. (bmj.com)
  • Next, we developed targeted MS assays, and applied these to cell lines and primary patient samples to refine the list of candidate tumor markers. (bmj.com)
  • It is expressed on cytolytic T cells and functions in conjunction with the T cell receptor in the recognition of MHC-I/peptide complexes. (rndsystems.com)
  • Group of diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of antigen and antibody with resultant damage to tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • The alpha and beta subunits of Ti bear no precursor-product relationship to one another and are encoded by separate germline V, D, J and C segments which rearrange during intrathymic differentiation to form an active gene set. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The cells of origin in most patients with CLL are clonal B cells arrested in the B-cell differentiation pathway, intermediate between pre-B cells and mature B cells. (medscape.com)
  • The role of complement & antibody-antigen complexesAntibodies have two distinct functions: to recognise and combine with an antigen, and to activate a defence mechanism for example by activating the complement sequence (Dale et. (referat.ru)
  • Cells can be studied and identified using these CD-markers. (laboklin.com)
  • Interestingly, higher frequencies of IL-17-producing CCR6/CD45RO-positive memory T cells are found in patients with SLE carrying the type I interferon signature, but there are few published reports characterising the memory cell markers on CD4-positive IL-17-producing T cells. (bmj.com)
  • 1 2 Cell surface antigens CD38 and CD138 can be used to distinguish normal cells from clonal plasma cells, but more extensive use of immunophenotyping has been limited by a lack of universally accepted markers of MM. 3-5 Once diagnosed, the current standard-of-care for MM includes immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, steroids, and antibody therapies. (bmj.com)
  • Cell surface markers for lymphocyte antigens did not show clonal excess. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A close match between your HLA markers and your donor's can reduce the risk that your immune cells will attack your donor's cells or that your donor's immune cells will attack your body after the transplant. (mpninfo.org)