• The polymer configurations and interstitial voids visualized and quantitatively analyzed in this study offer microscopic understanding to the origin of the solvent quality dependent osmotic pressure of 2D polymer solutions. (arxiv.org)
  • Next, we extend the cell model to all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which account for explicit solvent solvatation and internal protein flexibility, and show that protein concentration dependent osmotic pressures can be obtained by confining counter-ions in a virtual spherical subspace defining the protein number density. (lu.se)
  • The osmotic pressure divided by mass concentration. (iupac.org)
  • A general thermodynamic model of the concentration polarization phenomena of colloidal particles at a membrane surface is presented. (lu.se)
  • This means that the concentration dependence of the osmotic pressure can be obtained, either from an experimental determination or from a theoretical model of the bulk properties of the colloidal system. (lu.se)
  • To exemplify the usefulness of the model when establishing the influence of different operating parameters, such as the transmembrane pressure, the fluid shear, or different solution properties, such as concentration, particle size, pH, and ionic strength, a model system of charged spherical colloidal particles is used. (lu.se)
  • In the second system, we used osmotic pressure caused by the ion concentration change in the bathing solutions for the articular cartilage to deform them. (who.int)
  • Among others, it is well known in both theory and experiment that the osmotic pressure ($\Pi$) in the semi-dilute regime displays solvent quality-dependent increases with the area fraction ($\phi$) (or monomer concentration, $\rho$), that is, $\Pi\sim \phi^3$ for good solvent and $\Pi\sim \phi^8$ for $\Theta$ solvent. (arxiv.org)
  • The combination of the concrete surface (semi-permeable membrane), moisture, soluble salts/ions, and non-breathable coatings creates the osmotic cell with pressures that can exceed the adhesion strength of the coating. (paintsquare.com)
  • The salts leach into the soil and cause osmotic pressure that deprives the roots of normal water uptake. (agu.org)
  • To significantly reduce the rate of membrane fouling, RO systems employ cross-flow filtration, which allows water to pass through the membrane while the separate flow of concentrate sweeps rejected salts away from the membrane surface. (watermakers.com)
  • 2020). The combination of osmotic stress, permanent anoxia, and elevated hydrostatic pressure makes them one of the most extreme and least explored environments on Earth. (tos.org)
  • Study and validation of microbial and enzymatic inactivation kinetics with High Hydrostatic Pressure technology. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • As the actual molt (ecdysis) begins, the animal increases its fluid volume and starts to contract opposing sets of muscles increasing the internal hydrostatic pressure causing the thoracic tergites to rupture. (reefcentral.com)
  • STUDY DESIGN: Isolated human nucleus pulposus (hNP) cells from the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) were incubated under hydrostatic pressure (HP) and evaluated for regenerative potential. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ocean carries a lot of bacteria as well, so before the contacts are worn they would obviously have to go through a disinfecting process which would also remove the salt from the jellyfish surface thereby making them transparent once again. (halfbakery.com)
  • A lysin-damaged cell wall cannot withstand the cytoplasmic osmotic pressure, leading to bursting of the cell and death of the bacteria. (databasefootball.com)
  • In addition, because the site of action of lysins is on the external surface of the bacteria, these antibacterial agents do not encounter permeability or efflux issues which are known to affect the potency of conventional antibiotics. (databasefootball.com)
  • Lactase is a disaccharidase present on the surface of mammalian small intestinal mucosal microvilli, and many beneficial intestinal bacteria have the ability to produce lactase. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Bacteria are able to grow adhered to almost every surface, forming architecturally complex communities termed biofilm. (igem.org)
  • One of the most important functions of the matrix is to protect the bacteria from various stress and factors such as UV radiation, extreme pH values, osmotic pressure, dehydration and antibiotics(4). (igem.org)
  • Special precautions must be taken to circumvent the surface-hugging behavior of pelagic fry and the problems this presents, and above all, to prevent them from accidentally ingesting air. (seahorse.com)
  • The properties of permeable flocs and adsorbed polymer (polyelectrolyte) layers formed on the colloidal surfaces remain to be worked out in relation to inhomogeneous porous structure and electrokinetics in the future. (hindawi.com)
  • To gain microscopic understanding into the different surface pressure isotherms of polymer solution under the two distinct solvent conditions, we study the chain configurations of polymer solution based on our numerical simulations that semi-quantitatively reproduce the expected scaling behaviors. (arxiv.org)
  • Notably, at the same value of $\phi$, polymer chains in $\Theta$ solvent occupy the surface in a more \emph{inhomogeneous} manner than the chains in good solvent, yielding on average a greater and more heterogeneous interstitial void size, which is related to the fact that the polymer in $\Theta$ solvent has a greater correlation length. (arxiv.org)
  • Image of a nanopatterned polymer brush obtained from computer simulation, showing flexible polymers (red) grafted onto a narrow stripe (gray) of a planar surface. (lu.se)
  • The osmotic pressure expands the brush laterally, reducing the brush height unless the pattern is wider than a few times the polymer contour length. (lu.se)
  • We evaluated the age dependence of the optical-reflection characteristics of the surface and subsurface facial skin layers of three age groups. (researchgate.net)
  • These particles have a large specific surface area where various chemicals can be adsorbed. (hindawi.com)
  • Even substances that do not dissolve in water, such as dioxin, can be adsorbed and concentrated on the surface of colloidal particles with hydrophobic nature. (hindawi.com)
  • The extracellular polymeric matrix is an important structural component of biofilm and it plays an important role in the attachment and colonization of microorganisms on a surface also acts as a diffusion barrier to small molecules. (igem.org)
  • The magnitudes of these pressures may provide insights into physiological health, the intensity of physical exertion, psychological stress factors and/other information of interest, yet they are currently unknown due to absence of means for non-invasive measurement. (rsc.org)
  • SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: We demonstrated that bovine caudal nucleus pulposus cells isolated from healthy cows produced more extracellular matrix under cyclic HP followed by constant pressure (mimicking physiological intradiscal pressure in humans) than under no pressure in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Division of Surface Chemistry of the Swedish Chemical Society. (lu.se)
  • The osmotic pressure increases, which increases the water in the intestinal cavity, causing abdominal distension, bowel sounds, colic and even diarrhea, which is medically called lactose intolerance (LI). (selfgrowth.com)
  • When successful, the high-pressure injection increases permeability and releases natural gas. (agu.org)
  • (2) , and a reduction in daily salt intake of 4.4 g can results increases food safety by reducing the water activity of a in lower blood pressure (3) . (who.int)
  • Given es in parallel with increases in blood pressure. (who.int)
  • As will be discussed later, an application of water soluble polymers and polyelectrolytes with an affinity to colloidal surfaces will critically influence flocculation processes. (hindawi.com)
  • This raises the next issue with life in the water, osmotic pressure . (southernfriedscience.com)
  • The pressure measured inside the water pipe and that on the specimen surface was calibrated. (who.int)
  • When this happens, it upsets the fry's equilibrium, and they will float sideways on the surface of the water. (seahorse.com)
  • The matrix, which is composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and water, enables the biofilm to attach to the surfaces. (igem.org)
  • However, if the goal in our water purification system is to remove the salt from water, it is necessary to reverse the natural osmotic flow by forcing the salt water through the membrane in the reverse direction. (watermakers.com)
  • The demineralized water it produces is perfect for washing down a boat, leaving behind a clean, spot-free surface that requires no further attention. (watermakers.com)
  • Condensed water films are accumulated on the surface of 'dry' products such as tablets or bulk oils following storage in damp atmospheres with fluctuating temperatures, resulting in high localized A w to initiate fungal growth. (pharmacyscope.com)
  • In addition, Sparkl-Seal has good water vapor permeability properties which allow the coating to breathe, reducing the risk for surface delamination or blistering. (nox-crete.com)
  • This is most likely due to the coating's inability to release water vapor trapped within the concrete quickly enough to prevent pressure buildup beneath the coating. (nox-crete.com)
  • In the second method, within a one-component model framework, based on a linear-response approximation for effective electro- static interactions, we develop Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to compute the equilibrium swelling ratio, bulk osmotic pressure, radial distribution function, and static structure factor. (ndsu.edu)
  • Cell model predictions for bulk osmotic pressure agree well with data from MC simulations of the one-component model. (ndsu.edu)
  • We assessed the effects of pressure on human degenerated cells isolated under the same regimen of pressure used for bovine cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • article{ IzvVUZ_AND-29-4-559, author = {Semenova, Nadezhda Игоревна and Tuchin, Valerij Viktorovich}, title = {Impact of osmotic pressure on cancer cells in a three-dimensional cellular lattice and cell spheroid}, year = {2021}, journal = {Izvestiya VUZ. (sgu.ru)
  • It is pushed out through the capillary wall by pressure exerted by the heart or by osmotic pressure at the cellular level. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple visual attributes of skin including colour properties, glossiness, surface smoothness [32, 37], subsurface light reflection [29,32], and spot severity were measured from each ROI. (researchgate.net)
  • Surface modification could slow down membrane fouling by changing surface properties such as surface smoothness and hydrophilicity, while novel membrane materials and synthesis processes build a promising future for the next generation of RO membranes with big advance- ments in fouling resistance. (proacademiahelp.com)
  • It will lead to problem such as an increase in the osmotic pressure of the local microenvironment, which may decrease the whole mechanical strength [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is indicated for depression and has been shown to increase resting urethral pressure and may, therefore, decrease stress incontinence in women. (medscape.com)
  • Explicit results are presented for equilibrium swelling ratios of charged microcapsules and of charged cylindrical and spherical microgels with fixed charge uniformly distributed over the surface or volume of the particle. (ndsu.edu)
  • A spherical lesion found in a rib of a dead sperm whale that beached on Nantucket was likely caused by nitrogen bubbles that formed when the whale rose too rapidly from high-pressure depths. (southernfriedscience.com)
  • Computationally, the osmotic pressure due to a single, spherical charged macromolecule can be obtained, from a purely structural force-free calculation of the counter-ions density at the boundary of the simulation box, via the cell-model. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we first revisit the original cell model for a spherical cell and use it to calculate the osmotic pressure of an aqueous plectasin solution using coarse grained Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. (lu.se)
  • The set of studies stressed the importance of x-, y- and z- macrogeometries of surface bound gels as these factors influence mechanical surface anisotropy. (gla.ac.uk)
  • However, protein shape anisotropy and the surface charge distribution are ignored in the original cell model, as are specific ion-residue and ion-ion interactions. (lu.se)
  • A higher adherence of microorganisms is noted on RDL than PMMA denture base resins, due to the presence of irregularities and porosities on its surface, which harbor microorganisms making harder their removal (6). (bvsalud.org)
  • Kevin Hand and Robert Carlson from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory conducted studies exposing NaCl to conditions known to exist on Europa, notably radiation, that resulted in a discoloration similar to what has been observed on the surface of that moon (Hand and Carlson, 2015). (tos.org)
  • This paper introduces a thin, soft wearable microfluidic system that mounts onto the surface of the skin to enable precise and routine measurements of secretory fluidic pressures generated at the surface of the skin by eccrine sweat glands (surface SPSG, or s-SPSG) at nearly any location on the body. (rsc.org)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: hNP cells isolated from discarded tissue classified as Pfirrmann grade 2 to 3 (n = 13: age, 46.7 ± 14.0) and grade 4 (n = 13: age, 53.0 ± 11.5) were incubated under cyclic HP at 0.2 to 0.7 MPa, 0.5 Hz for 2 days followed by constant pressure at 0.3 MPa for 1 day, repeated twice over 6 days. (bvsalud.org)
  • The planktonic seahorse fry feed at the surface where their prey tends to congregate, drawn to the light, and all too often the newborns take in air along with their food and cannot expel this air. (seahorse.com)
  • citation needed] Osmotic gas effects due to intramedullary pressure effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • During periods of activity, sweat glands produce pressures associated with osmotic effects to drive liquid to the surface of the skin. (rsc.org)
  • Keeping the nurseries at a specific gravity of 1.016 (23 ppt salinity) makes the fry less buoyant and thereby reduces problems with surface huggers, entrapment in surface tension and accidentally ingesting air while feeding at the surface. (seahorse.com)
  • DHABs are high-salinity lakes found more than 1.5 km below the ocean's surface (Varrella et al. (tos.org)
  • Regardless of the type of nursery tank you use, there is one simple measure you can take to counteract the surface-hugging tendency of pelagic fry and increase survivorship during their pelagic phase: raise them at reduced salinity. (seahorse.com)
  • Current research suggests that the cracks in the icy surface of Jupiter's moon Europa result from the subsurface rise and fall of ocean tides, and that the chemical composition present on the surface should be indicative of subsurface ocean composition (Johnson et al. (tos.org)
  • Surface and subsurface reflection components were extracted by means of an image-processing technique. (researchgate.net)
  • Significant age-dependent changes were found in the evenness of the surface reflection and in the intensity of the subsurface reflection. (researchgate.net)
  • In contrast, no difference was observed in the intensity of the surface reflection or in the evenness of the subsurface reflection. (researchgate.net)
  • Surface and subsurface reflection characteristics show age-dependent changes. (researchgate.net)
  • Younger skin has a greater subsurface reflectivity and a more even surface reflectivity. (researchgate.net)
  • A clear sealer which turns frosty white in color has delaminated from the concrete surface. (nox-crete.com)
  • This oxidation causes tremendous, and ultimately fatal, surface and intercellular damage to the pathogens. (arbico-organics.com)
  • Sparkl-Seal is a high solids, non-yellowing, methyl methacrylate acrylic sealer that resists surface oxidation from the sun and chemical pollutants in the air. (nox-crete.com)
  • The osmotic pressure of protein solutions is an important measure of intermolecular interactions and can be used to predict stability and phase separation. (lu.se)
  • We also show the possibility of using specific interaction parameters for the protein-ion and ion-ion interactions, which would provide a more accurate description of osmotic pressures of protein solutions. (lu.se)
  • The purpose of this work is to study the peculiarities of external influence, namely osmotic pressure, on cancer cells. (sgu.ru)
  • The problem with disposing brines in a forest is osmotic stress. (agu.org)
  • Within the framework of a cell model, the nonlinear PB equation is exactly solved and used to compute counterion distributions and osmotic pressures. (ndsu.edu)
  • The model is based on the balance between a thermodynamic force, due to the osmotic pressure gradient, and a frictional force, due to the fluid flow around each particle. (lu.se)
  • In all cooling applications, heat from the device heat sources, must first travel via thermal conduction to the surfaces exposed to the cooling fluid before it can be rejected to the coolant. (electronics-cooling.com)
  • After injection, most of the fluid flows back to the ground surface. (agu.org)
  • They are arranged in an overlapping pattern, so that pressure from the surrounding capillary forces at these cells allows fluid to enter the capillary (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • These platforms incorporate an arrayed collection of unit cells each of which includes an opening to the skin, an inlet through which sweat can flow, a capillary bursting valve (CBV) with a unique bursting pressure (BP), a corresponding microreservoir to receive sweat and an outlet to the surrounding ambient to allow release of backpressure. (rsc.org)
  • The self-synthesized intestinal lactase is synthesized by the lactase gene and linked to the surface of the intestinal mucosal microvilli by a hydrophobic amino acid sequence at the -COOH end. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Three factors have been found to increase the survivorship of reidi fry during their pelagic phase: (1) the use of kreisel or pseudokreisel nurseries, (2) hyposalinity, and (3) the use of greenwater to maintain the proper level of turbidity in the nurseries and help keep the phototropic fry away from the surface. (seahorse.com)
  • Then when you blow into it to increase the pressure, the fingers (setae) pop out. (reefcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, surface reactivity and the ability of some smaller GO sheets to interact more readily with immune cells seem to be key parameters that can be tuned to improve the safety profile of GO. (springer.com)
  • The composition modification and alloy surface treatment can be used to slow down the corrosion progress of magnesium alloys. (hindawi.com)
  • Surface modification and novel membrane materials. (proacademiahelp.com)
  • It is shown that it is possible to achieve a slowdown of cancer cell growth in all considered models at certain values of osmotic pressure. (sgu.ru)
  • When we let the well normalize it would spit a cloud of fine mist and spray over the area, anything living that the mist touched would die in a week or so, if the well had failed to get a good crack, the returning volume would ruin the surface area for decades. (agu.org)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different immersion times in denture cleansers on surface roughness (SR) of two resilient denture liners (RDL) after the cleanliness of Candida albicans biofilm. (bvsalud.org)
  • The system of surface bound hydrogels is commonly used as a cell culture surface in the field of cell biomechanics. (gla.ac.uk)
  • This could be due to a change in osmotic pressure. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We further interrogated whether tuning the surface reactivity of GO by testing different dispersions (5% dextrose instead of 0.5% BSA) may change the biological outcome. (springer.com)
  • the models include the possibility of adding additional pressure and changing it with a single parameter. (sgu.ru)
  • Membrane fouling leads to higher operating pressure, flux de- cline, frequent chemical cleaning and shorter membrane life. (proacademiahelp.com)
  • Lactase is a disaccharidase present on the surface of the small intestinal mucosa of mammals. (selfgrowth.com)