Surface corneal opacity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Signs and symptoms include the following: Loss of vision or blindness (when dense opacity covers the pupillary area) Blurred vision (due to astigmatic effect and light scattering) Glare Congenital corneal opacity that affecting vision will cause amblyopia. (wikipedia.org)
Congenital opacities may occur as developmental anomalies or following birth trauma. (wikipedia.org)
Pediatric corneal opacities may be congenital or acquired. (wikipedia.org)
The appearance of the cornea is similar to that in congenital glaucoma but without increased corneal diameter and elevated intraocular pressure. (wikipedia.org)
Congenital hereditary stromal dystrophy (CHSD): CHSD is also known as Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy or Congenital stromal dystrophy of the cornea. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this study is to examine the therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UMSCs) in treating congenital and acquired corneal opacity associated with the loss of collagen V. (molvis.org)
Posterior keratoconus (PKC) or keratoconus posticus is a rare, usually congenital corneal disorder where there is an increase in curvature of the posterior corneal surface and is often associated with a corneal stromal opacity. (aao.org)
Congenital corneal opacity that affecting vision will cause amblyopia. (mdwiki.org)
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the most significant corneal diseases that affect children, such as congenital corneal opacities, infectious keratitis, corneal ectasia, ocular surface disorders, and allergic eye disease. (ophthalmologyebooks.store)
This condition is one of a group of disorders known as congenital corneal opacities, which affect 3 to 6 individuals per 100,000. (blogspot.com)

Alterations in the spacing of collagen fibrils in a variety of conditions including corneal edema, scars, and macular corneal dystrophy is clinically manifested as corneal opacity. (wikipedia.org)
Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPMD, PPCD): PPCD, also known as Schlichting dystrophy, is an autosomal dominant disorder of the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Electron microscopy is needed to histologically distinguish RBCD from Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy (TBCD), which has curly fibers (see the next section). (aao.org)
Figure 7-6 Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy. (aao.org)
Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy appears in the first few years of life and mainly affects the Bowman layer. (aao.org)
Anong the missing genes are those for the 4 small leucine-rich proteoglycans associated with this form of corneal dystrophy. (arizona.edu)
Odent S, Casteels I, Cassiman C, Dieltiens M, Hua MT, Devriendt K. Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy caused by a de novo deletion . (arizona.edu)
Granular corneal dystrophy (GCD) can lead to a devastating postoperative course after refractive surgery and eventual blindness. (crstoday.com)

Corneal opacification is a term used when the human cornea loses its transparency. (wikipedia.org)
The term corneal opacity is used particularly for the loss of transparency of cornea due to scarring. (wikipedia.org)
A number of different presentations of leucomatous corneal opacity exist: Adherent leucoma: results when healing occurs after perforation of cornea with incarceration of iris. (wikipedia.org)
In this bilateral Snowflake, whitish opacities appear throughout the cornea. (wikipedia.org)
Experimental mice, i.e., wild-type, Col5a1 f/f and Kera-Cre/Col5a1 f/f ( Col5a1 ∆st/∆st , collagen V null in the corneal stroma) mice in a C57BL/6J genetic background, were subjected to a lamellar keratectomy, and treated with or without UMSC (10 4 cells/cornea) transplantation via an intrastromal injection or a fibrin plug. (molvis.org)
this eventually causes the eyelashes to turn inward and scratch the cornea, causing corneal opacity and pain. (cehjournal.org)
All corneas used in the study were collected in incubation medium (pre-warmed at 32 ± 1 °C) and the corneal diameter of each cornea was measured and recorded. (europa.eu)
B, Coarse geographic opacity of the superficial cornea. (aao.org)
Over time, symmetric subepithelial reticular opacities develop in a honeycomb pattern, sparing the peripheral cornea (Fig 7-7C). (aao.org)
The word corneal opacification literally means loss of normal transparency of cornea. (mdwiki.org)
If corneal HOAs are detected and correspond to alterations in the anterior corneal surface, they can be treated only by reshaping the cornea with customized excimer ablation (ie, SCTK) based on the corneal wavefront. (crstodayeurope.com)
Continue by examining the bulbar conjunctiva and the cornea surface. (vin.com)
A corneal scar is either opacity or irregularity in the cornea that can limit the cornea's ability to accurately focus light. (neohioeyes.com)
They look like a white opacity in the normally clear cornea. (neohioeyes.com)
Scars that change the shape of the cornea, making the surface more irregular, may not be apparent to your doctor with a routine exam. (neohioeyes.com)
Corneal topography is like a topographical map of the cornea that shows if the surface is misshapen or irregular. (neohioeyes.com)
The cornea- trained specialists at Northeast Ohio Eye Surgeons can diagnose a corneal scar and have many treatments available to help improve and restore vision. (neohioeyes.com)
RGP (Rigid Gas Permeable) and scleral lenses are contact lenses that are stiffer than ordinary lenses and they create a new, smoother surface to the cornea that can dramatically improve the vision. (neohioeyes.com)
The cornea is then examined for other opacities such as edema, pigment, and vascularization. (vin.com)
In these cases the smooth dome shape of the cornea, required to create a sharp focal point, is lost and a asymmetric corneal shape is formed. (vision-institute.com)
However in some patients have difficulty with wearing a corneal GP, as a poor lens fit can damage the cornea, causing irritation and discomfort. (vision-institute.com)
These are diseases characterized by weak and thin corneal tissue resulting in an irregular cornea shape. (vision-institute.com)
After numbing drops are applied, the epithelium (the thin layer on the surface of the cornea) is gently removed. (carolinavisioncenter.com)
With repeated episodes of infection over many years, the eyelashes may be drawn in so that they rub on the surface of the eye, with pain and discomfort and permanent damage to the cornea. (who.int)
Once the lens has settled, no particles can touch the cornea or invade the space between the lens and the ocular surface. (no7contactlenses.com)
The opaque area (opacity) of the cornea varies in size and intensity from a small, faint streak to a large, white cloudy area that covers the front surface of the eye. (blogspot.com)
Peters anomaly type I is characterized by an incomplete separation of the cornea and iris and mild to moderate corneal opacity. (blogspot.com)
Type II is characterized by an incomplete separation of the cornea and lens and severe corneal opacity that may involve the entire cornea. (blogspot.com)

The most significant factor that determined VA improvement in eyes with LV using LEW was the corneal opacity grade, while the corneal topographic parameters, including keratometric refractive parameters (K max , K s , K f , and Cylinder), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and central corneal thickness (CCT), showed no or limited impact on the VA improvement effect by LEW in LV. (fortunejournals.com)
In patients without a past history of ocular surgery, the mean central corneal thickness was 643.05 ± 37.67 µm and the mean endothelial cell count was 3,349.44 ± 408.17 cells/mm 2 . (ekjo.org)

The primary function of specialty contact lenses for irregular corneal conditions is to mask the abnormal corneal surface, reducing the associated distorted vision and improving visual acuity. (vision-institute.com)
Dr. John D. Gelles is an expert in designing custom soft lenses for keratoconus and other irregular corneal conditions. (vision-institute.com)
LEW was performed in 35 patients (38 eyes) with irregular corneal astigmatism. (fortunejournals.com)
Traditionally, scleral lenses are considered for diseased eyes or to compensate for highly irregular corneal surfaces. (no7contactlenses.com)

Note corneal neovascularization and conjunctivalization of the ocular surface. (medscape.com)
Any corneas that showed macroscopic tissue damage (e.g. scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or an opacity >7 opacity units were discarded. (europa.eu)
Regression of corneal opacity and neovascularization in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with the use of prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) treatment. (canadianeyecaretoday.com)
The clarity of the transplanted corneal graft vanished in 5 eyes with the progression of peripheral neovascularization and subepithelial fibrosis. (ekjo.org)

These include LV owing to corneal diseases, such as keratokonus, corneal dystrophies, opacities caused by infections, or corneal epithelial stem cell deficiency. (fortunejournals.com)

[13] In cases with grossly visible corneal opacification, patients may be referred to a pediatric ophthalmologist during childhood, facilitating the diagnosis. (aao.org)
A-C) Broad beam images demonstrating corneal opacification. (aao.org)
D) Corneal opacification and abnormal curvature in an eye with posterior keratoconus is demonstrated by retroillumination. (aao.org)
There is little or no progression of the corneal opacification and vision varies widely. (arizona.edu)

UMSC transplantation was successful in recovering some corneal transparency in injured corneas of wild-type, Col5a1 f/f and Col5a1 ∆st/∆st mice. (molvis.org)
The surgeons at Northeast Ohio Eye Surgeons use the most advanced techniques for corneal transplantation for corneal scars, such as DALK and PK. (neohioeyes.com)
The conservative treatment modalities, such as spectacles and gas permeable rigid contact lenses, become insufficient for visual rehabilitation in the advanced stages of KC, and 10-20% of patients need corneal transplantation [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

C) Corneal epithelial sloughing. (cdc.gov)
In early September 2022, the patient sought care at a county eye clinic for purulent conjunctivitis and corneal epithelial defects. (cdc.gov)
Examination showed a nasal patch of avascular scleral necrosis ( Figure , panel B), and corneal epithelial sloughing ( Figure , panel C) with microcystic edema. (cdc.gov)
In phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), an excimer laser is used to treat a variety of corneal disorders such as surface irregularity, epithelial instability, and superficial opacity. (crstodayeurope.com)
Limbal epithelial stem cells (LSCs) maintain the corneal surface by providing precursors that differentiate and replace the corneal epithelium [ 1 ]. (ekjo.org)
Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is caused by destruction and/or dysfunction of precursors of the corneal epithelium in the basal limbal area, resulting in conjunctival epithelial growth onto the corneal surface [ 3 ]. (ekjo.org)

Images demonstrating abnormal posterior corneal curvatures in eyes with posterior keratoconus. (aao.org)
In keratoconus, the classic method of specialty contact lens vision correction has been a corneal gas permeable lens, also known as a hard lens or rigid gas permeable lens (RGP). (vision-institute.com)
Examples include conditions such as keratoconus, keratoglobus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and corneal ectasia after surgery. (vision-institute.com)
Patients over the age of 14 who have been diagnosed with progressive keratoconus should ask their doctor whether they may be an appropriate candidate for corneal cross-linking. (carolinavisioncenter.com)
Corneal cross-linking is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that combines the use of Photrexa® Viscous (riboflavin 5'-phosphate in 20% dextran ophthalmic solution), Photrexa® (riboflavin 5'-phosphate ophthalmic solution) and the KXL® system for the treatment of progressive keratoconus. (carolinavisioncenter.com)
To investigate the potential predictive factors of the visual change achieved with accelerated epi-on and epi-off corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in keratoconus. (hindawi.com)
2 ] demonstrated that the lower pretreatment corneal asphericity and corneal keratoconus index (CKI) were associated to a higher K max reduction after CXL [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Ocular trauma Corneal ulceration Xerophthalmia, caused by Vitamin A deficiency Trachoma Onchocerciasis Mucous membrane pemphigoid: Ocular form of mucous membrane pemphigoid may cause corneal opacity and loss of vision. (wikipedia.org)
Repeat ocular surface cultures and PCR were negative. (cdc.gov)
For the acquired form, ocular trauma and other events resulting in disruption of the inner corneal layers have been indicated as inciting factors. (aao.org)
Ocular form of mucous membrane pemphigoid may cause corneal opacity and loss of vision. (mdwiki.org)
The origins of scleral lenses date back to the early 20th century when ground glass was used to manufacture scleral shells to improve vision, and to protect and support the ocular surface. (canadianeyecaretoday.com)
More than 120 years later, current scleral lenses are used for the same general purposes of sight restoration and ocular surface rehabilitation. (canadianeyecaretoday.com)
Diagnoses and Outcomes of Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem Treatment-A Canadian Experience. (canadianeyecaretoday.com)
Prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem treatment for ocular surface disease in pediatric patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (canadianeyecaretoday.com)
Prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem scleral lens therapy for patients with ocular symptoms of chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (canadianeyecaretoday.com)
All 12 patients who completed follow-up (28 ± 42 weeks) showed improvement in visual acuity and ocular surface condition after cessation of CL wear and medical treatment. (ekjo.org)
Reduction of ocular toxicity 3-fold to16-fold and comparable corneal permeability to free Diclo were recorded only with Diclo-γ-CD and Diclo-HP-β-CD complexes. (staffs.ac.uk)
Scleral lenses are filled with fluid to keep the ocular surface constantly bathed. (no7contactlenses.com)
Scleral lenses provide a sealed ocular surface environment. (no7contactlenses.com)
Notable features include a thorough discussion of corneal surgery in children, detailed coverage of the role of various anterior segment ocular imaging modalities in the diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases in pediatric patients, and surgical videos to enhance the reader's understanding. (ophthalmologyebooks.store)
Ocular surface surgeries were performed in 6 eyes. (ekjo.org)

Kerectasia: In this condition, corneal curvature is increased at the site of opacity (bulge due to weak scar). (wikipedia.org)
1. Kmax is the measurement of the maximum corneal curvature. (carolinavisioncenter.com)

Nebular corneal opacity is a faint opacity which results due to superficial scars involving Bowman's layer and superficial stroma. (wikipedia.org)
Macular corneal opacity is a semidense opacity produced when scarring involves about half the corneal stroma. (wikipedia.org)
Leucomatous corneal opacity is a dense white opacity which results due to scarring of more than half of the stroma. (wikipedia.org)
Maintenance of a transparent corneal stroma is imperative for proper vision. (molvis.org)
The corneal stroma is composed of primarily collagen fibrils, small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), as well as sparsely distributed cells called keratocytes. (molvis.org)
Confluent, irregular, and coarse geographic opacities with varying densities develop at the level of the Bowman layer and superficial stroma, mostly centrally (Fig 7-6B). (aao.org)
With time, the opacities may extend to the limbus and deeper stroma (Fig 7-6C, D). (aao.org)
The corneal stroma and Descemet membrane contain sheet-like opacities with clear intervening areas. (arizona.edu)
These opacities are concentrated in the posterior stroma and are sometimes seen from limbus to limbus whereas in other cases they occur mostly peripherally. (arizona.edu)

Two pigment deposits on the posterior corneal surface are noted temporally. (aao.org)
Corneal HOAs caused by alterations in the posterior corneal surface are rare and cannot be corrected with SCTK or cataract surgery. (crstodayeurope.com)

Each step of SCTK entails the use of tomography, topography, and aberrometry followed by the execution of a corneal wavefront-guided customized ablation pattern and wet PTK (ie, smoothing) with a tomographic quality check at the end. (crstodayeurope.com)
In these cases a corneal topography may aid in the diagnosis. (neohioeyes.com)
Asymmetries in the topography and refractive index of the corneal surface that affect visual acuity. (bvsalud.org)

In advanced cases, stromal scarring can lead to surface irregularity. (aao.org)
Anterior scarring and associated surface irregularity both contribute to reduced vision. (aao.org)
Though they are highly successful for most individuals with uncomplicated corneas and average refractive errors, those patients with moderate to advanced corneal irregularity commonly experience difficulty. (vision-institute.com)
However, individuals with mild corneal irregularity and refractive error within the normal parameters, a standard soft lens may achieve a satisfactory outcome. (vision-institute.com)
Additionally, lens thickness can be significantly increased to create a pseudo-rigidity, which can mask corneal irregularity. (vision-institute.com)
This thickness prevents the draping properties and can effectively mask corneal irregularity. (vision-institute.com)

In the epi-off group, the CDVA change could be predicted from the preoperative minimum corneal thickness and magnitude of the vertical anterior corneal primary coma component ( = 0.001, R 2 = 0.446). (hindawi.com)

The tear test is especially important in cases of corneal ulceration. (vin.com)

SCTK is a transepithelial, customized, multistepped approach that addresses corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs). (crstodayeurope.com)

Other causes include corneal scarring and dislocated lens. (msdmanuals.com)

No significant corneal swelling was observed during the four-hour observation period on test item treated eyes. (europa.eu)

The main advantage of SCTK is that it treats corneal HOAs while removing a minimal amount of tissue. (crstodayeurope.com)
The procedure reshapes the corneal surface, and it prioritizes the elimination of HOAs over the correction of ametropia. (crstodayeurope.com)
If corneal HOAs are still present or the surgeon is not satisfied with the outcome, a new corneal wavefront-guided customized ablation pattern, derived from the intraoperative corneal wavefront measurement, can be executed immediately, followed by wet PTK. (crstodayeurope.com)
Another source of visual pollution is high-order aberrations (HOAs), which tend to occur in patients who have irregular corneas or lenticular opacities (Maeda, 2002). (no7contactlenses.com)
The tear fluid under a scleral lens helps to reduce HOAs by eliminating corneal surface irregularities. (no7contactlenses.com)

Femtosecond laser systems have been used during cataract surgery for performing anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, and clear corneal incisions. (dovepress.com)
26%), optic nerve hypoplasia, variable degrees of corneal clouding with or without a vascularized pannus, and dysgenesis of the anterior chamber angle are frequently present. (arizona.edu)

ACC visually resembles an ulceration, with a smooth pink surface, which in most cases heals spontaneously. (biomedcentral.com)
The lesion resembles an ulceration, with a smooth pink surface where epidermal coverage is either absent or vestigial. (biomedcentral.com)

SCTK can also be used to treat certain complications of refractive surgery, including a decentered treatment, postoperative corneal scars, an overly small optical zone, and interface problems during LASIK. (crstodayeurope.com)
Postoperative worsening of corneal clouding and glaucomatous damage were observed in 4 eyes. (ekjo.org)

Fish-eye disease, also called partial LCAT deficiency, is a disorder that causes the clear front surface of the eyes (the corneas) to gradually become cloudy. (medlineplus.gov)
As fish-eye disease progresses, the corneal cloudiness worsens and can lead to severely impaired vision. (medlineplus.gov)
This is the only way to detect lagophthalmos, which accounts for much of the corneal disease in brachycephalic breeds. (vin.com)
The Schirmer's tear test should be done to any eye in which there is discharge, signs of inflammation, or corneal disease (there is no contraindication for this procedure). (vin.com)
In early stages of the disease, focal opacities are present in the basal epithelium, associated with sub-basal nerves. (arizona.edu)
Meibomian gland anomalies also contribute to the corneal disease. (arizona.edu)
We investigated the effectiveness of wearable laser-eyewear (LEW) in visual impairment owing to corneal disease, including low vision (LV) eye. (fortunejournals.com)

Femtosecond laser technology has been widely used in various refractive surgery procedures, providing enhanced efficiency and safety in corneal refractive surgery. (dovepress.com)
1 - 5 Moreover, clear corneal incisions performed by femtosecond laser were superior to conventional corneal incisions in terms of tunnel morphology and tissue damage, and they did not significantly increase high-order aberrations postoperatively. (dovepress.com)

Trachomatous trichiasis is the potential stage of trachoma in which the eyelashes scratch the surface of the globe, ultimately causing corneal opacity, visual impairment and blindness. (archive.org)

Does corneal cross-linking require removal of the epithelium? (carolinavisioncenter.com)

PPMD patients with bilateral, corneal opacities that can affect vision, descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty or penetrating keratoplasty are the treatments of choice to improve vision and to avoid amblyopia. (wikipedia.org)
White corneal endothelial plaques appeared. (cdc.gov)

Characterized by the development of chronic sluggish conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal opacities. (medic-journal.com)

Often, PKC is associated with a corneal stromal opacity. (aao.org)

Corneal Diseases in Children is a standout publication, being one of the few books dedicated exclusively to this important topic. (ophthalmologyebooks.store)

In vivo Heidelberg retinal tomograph (HRT II) confocal microscopy, second harmonic generated (SHG) confocal microscopy, histology, and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to assess the corneal transparency of the regenerated corneas. (molvis.org)
The production of collagen V by transplanted UMSCs may account for the regeneration of corneal transparency, as exemplified by better collagen fiber organization, as revealed with SHG signals. (molvis.org)

One of the major complication of adherent leucoma is Secondary glaucoma Corneoiridic scar: if iris tissue is incarcerated and incorporated within the scar tissue, as occurs in healing of a large sloughed corneal ulcer, it is called a corneoiridic scar. (wikipedia.org)
Corneoiridic scar: If iris tissue is incarcerated and incorporated within the scar tissue, as occurs in healing of a large sloughed corneal ulcer, it is called a corneoiridic scar. (mdwiki.org)
Even patients with a history of surface or intrastromal photorefractive surgery may be safely treated with SCTK because the procedure removes a minimal amount of tissue from the areas that were not ablated during prior refractive surgery. (crstodayeurope.com)

Depending on the density, corneal opacity is graded as nebular, macular and leucomatous. (wikipedia.org)
A nebular corneal opacity allows the details of the iris to be seen through the opacity. (wikipedia.org)

The cloudiness, which generally first appears in adolescence or early adulthood, consists of small grayish dots of cholesterol (opacities) distributed across the corneas. (medlineplus.gov)
Impairment of this mechanism for reducing cholesterol in the body leads to cholesterol-containing opacities in the corneas. (medlineplus.gov)
The light transmission through the corneas, given as lux value, was recorded in a table and thereafter converted into an opacity value (baseline opacity values). (europa.eu)

Mutations that affect both alpha-LCAT activity and beta-LCAT activity lead to a related disorder called complete LCAT deficiency , which involves corneal opacities in combination with features affecting other parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Destruction of the inner corneal layers may lead to localized damage of Descemet's membrane and the corneal endothelium. (aao.org)

In about 85% of cases it is an isolated abnormality, but it can, however, converge with other anomalies (e.g. myelomeningocele or corneal opacity) or it can be a symptom in genetic disorders such as Adams-Oliver syndrome or Bart syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)

Immediately following treatment, a bandage contact lens is placed on the surface of the eye to protect the newly treated area. (carolinavisioncenter.com)

These mutations can lead to severe developmental problems, such as incomplete separation of eye structures and complete corneal opacity, or they can result in minor eye abnormalities including small, faint opacities. (blogspot.com)

In this phase of SCTK, corneal imaging is performed, and corneal wavefront-guided customized transepithelial ablation is executed with a pattern derived from the immediate preoperative corneal wavefront measurement. (crstodayeurope.com)

Most corneal scars are easy to diagnose during a routine eye exam . (neohioeyes.com)
Sometimes, corneal scars are visible to the naked eye. (neohioeyes.com)

The term corneal blindness is commonly used to describe blindness due to corneal opacity. (wikipedia.org)

We performed a diagnostic scleral and corneal biopsy and initiated voriconazole for presumed fungal infection. (cdc.gov)
More recently, a new theoretical model added to this theory, suggesting that corneal oxygen consumption would be higher after a patient has been wearing thick scleral lenses fitted with a higher clearance (Jaynes et al, 2015). (no7contactlenses.com)

This serves both as a retropulsion test (which indicates the presence of a retrobulbar mass), and to proptose the 3rd eyelid, allowing inspection of its outer surface. (vin.com)
When blinking, the corneal is affected by the uneven surface of the eyelid papilloma, which leads to the appearance of these symptoms. (medic-journal.com)

Those presenting defects such as vascularization, pigmentation, opacity or scratches were discarded. (europa.eu)

keratic precipitates and a moderate corneal opacity developed. (cdc.gov)

Refractive surgery may be contraindicated in patients with GCD, because it can exacerbate the incidence of corneal opacity. (crstoday.com)

Anatomy9

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Humanities1

Congenital10

Dystrophy8

Cornea28

Central corneal thickness2

Irregular corneal4

Neovascularization4

Dystrophies1

Opacification4

Transplantation3

Epithelial6

Keratoconus7

Ocular15

Curvature2

Stroma9

Posterior corneal surface2

Topography3

Irregularity6

Thickness1

Cases of corneal1

Higher-order aberrations1

Include corneal1

Significant corneal1

HOAs5

Anterior2

Ulceration2

Postoperative2

Disease7

Femtosecond laser2

Visual impairment1

Epithelium1

Endothelial2

Conjunctivitis1

Stromal opacity1

Diseases1

Transparency2

Tissue3

Nebular2

Corneas3

Disorder1

Endothelium1

Anomalies1

Lens1

Severe1

Preoperative1

Scars2

Blindness1

Scleral2

Eyelid2

Vascularization1

Moderate1

Patients1