AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Protein CPorphyrinsGenes, Tumor SuppressorOncogene Proteins v-sisTranscription, GeneticOncogene Protein tpr-metTranscription FactorsOncogene Protein v-mafProtein C DeficiencyOncogene Protein gp140(v-fms)Oncogene Proteins v-mosProtein C InhibitorPromoter Regions, GeneticOncogene Protein p55(v-myc)Molecular Sequence DataBase SequenceTumor Suppressor ProteinsTumor Suppressor Protein p53Gene Expression RegulationGenes, SuppressorRNA, MessengerProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2MutationNuclear ProteinsDNA-Binding ProteinsOncogene Protein p65(gag-jun)Cell LineOncogenesOncogene Proteins v-rafTranscriptional ActivationProtein BindingTransfectionAmino Acid SequenceGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticOncogene Proteins v-fosSignal TransductionRepressor ProteinsCell Line, TumorActivated Protein C ResistanceBinding SitesTrans-ActivatorsSp1 Transcription FactorTumor Cells, CulturedOncogene Protein v-crkOncogene Proteins v-mybSuppression, GeneticProto-Oncogene ProteinsGenes, p53Oncogene Proteins v-erbBOncogene ProteinsOncogene Protein v-cblOncogene Proteins v-ablDNA MethylationDNACells, CulturedOncogene Proteins v-relCell NucleusReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionCell Transformation, NeoplasticGene SilencingSuppressor of Cytokine Signaling ProteinsProtein SOncogene Proteins v-erbAGene DeletionOncogene Protein p21(ras)Loss of HeterozygosityThrombomodulinHeLa CellsGene ExpressionDown-RegulationGenes, ReporterCloning, MolecularPolymerase Chain ReactionPlasmidsApoptosisBlotting, WesternRecombinant Fusion ProteinsPhosphorylationGenes, rasChromosome MappingGene Expression ProfilingPhenotypeDNA, NeoplasmTranscription Initiation SitePulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein CBlood Coagulation FactorsChromatin ImmunoprecipitationProtein Structure, TertiaryCell DifferentiationCarrier ProteinsRecombinant ProteinsCell ProliferationCell CycleGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHomeodomain ProteinsTranscription Factor AP-1Neoplasm ProteinsLuciferasesOncogene Proteins, ViralHistones
Nuclear ProteinsApoptosisUbiquitin ligaseEncodesTumorigenesisMutationsTumorsTP53BindsTarget genesPathwayPhosphataseOverexpressionCellularRegulationPathwaysInhibitorEncodeCyclin-dependDegradationChromosomeFactorsEpigeneticTranscriptionalProgressionPolycombRNAsUpstreamOncogenicTumor growthRepair genesMechanismMiceSomatic alterationsBmi1CancersPeptidesRegulateDifferentiationCellsPhosphorylationActivationMicroRNAProliferationRegulatory proteinsMalignanciesKinaseInteractsCancerInducesRetinoblastoma proteinRibosomalFunctionallyCellAccumulationGenome
Nuclear Proteins3
  • Nuclear Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Nuclear Proteins" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Nuclear Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Nuclear Proteins" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)
Apoptosis13
  • Protein ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis and degradation by the proteasome are important mechanisms in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell growth and differentiation, gene transcription, signal transduction and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein also affects the cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis through interactions with other proteins, including retinoblastoma 1 and ribosomal protein L5. (arigobio.com)
  • DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic control of gene transcription, refers to cytosine methylation at position 5 in the pyrimidine ring, which can result in inappropriate silencing of genes involved in diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and cell cycle arrest ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Kevetrin induces transcription-independent p53 mediated apoptosis. (shu.edu)
  • Stable monoubiquitinated form of wild type p53, accumulates in the cytoplasm and interacts with BAK or BAX proteins in mitochondria to induce apoptosis Thus Kevetrin activates both transcription dependent and transcription independent pathways to promote apoptosis. (shu.edu)
  • Gene expression profiling revealed that various genes related to apoptosis and proliferation are altered during BCL11A siRNA-mediated SUDHL6 cell apoptosis (WH and Gao Yangjun, unpublished data). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that PPan protein is localized in the nucleoli and mitochondria and that loss of PPan results in increased apoptosis. (silverchair.com)
  • This gene product is involved in cell cycle progression, p53-mediated apoptosis, transcription activator of several other oncogenes [ 4 ] and DNA repair [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is the case, for instance, of loss-of-function mutations of TP53 , amplifications of MDM2 and MDM4 , and deletions of CDKN2A , all leading to evading apoptosis and uncontrolled proliferation in malignancies such as glioblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Ubiquitin ligase5
  • It also binds closely to the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, which is a regulator of the degradation of p53 and retinoblastoma protein, both transcription factors involved in tumor suppression and found mutated in many cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which targets tumor protein p53 for proteasomal degradation. (arigobio.com)
  • In this context, during any sort of stress condition the alternative reading frame protein p14ARF subtracts MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, from the interaction with p53 in manner to free and stabilise p53 level in the nucleolus of the cell where it inhibits RNA polymerase I activity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mdm2 protein has the activity of an ubiquitin ligase, which allows for the targeted degradation of its substrates, including p53. (shu.edu)
  • Kevetrin induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 leading to a reduced interaction between p53 and MDM2, an ubiquitin ligase for p53 that plays a central role in p53 stability. (shu.edu)
Encodes12
  • The mdm-2 gene enhances the tumorigenic potential of cells when it is overexpressed and encodes a putative transcription factor. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. (wikipedia.org)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • The INK4/ARF locus encodes three tumor suppressor genes (p15 Ink4b , Arf and p16 Ink4a ) and is frequently inactivated in a large number of human cancers. (plos.org)
  • This locus encodes both p16 INK4a , which prevents inactivation of the tumor suppressor RB, and p19 ARF , which stabilizes the tumor suppressor p53 [7] , [8] . (plos.org)
  • RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
  • Among the viral transcripts, preC mRNA encodes precore protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It encodes a protein that prevents separin from promoting sister chromatid separation during mitosis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumorigenesis5
  • These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
  • Researchers have recently discovered Mdm2 in human tumors and these scientists hypothesize that Mdm2 plays a role in tumorigenesis, with or without p53. (shu.edu)
  • Large tumor genome sequencing projects have now uncovered a few hundred genes involved in the onset of tumorigenesis, or drivers, in some two dozen malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, I am able to identify other driver genes that cause tumorigenesis through the alteration of very similar sets of targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in the activity of proto-oncogenes and cancer suppressor genes are crucial in tumorigenesis ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mutations13
  • Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
  • ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Germline mutations in the NOTCH1 , NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 genes cause Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, respectively ( 4 ), and DLL4-NOTCH3 signaling in human vascular organoids induces basement membrane thickening and drives vasculopathy in the diabetic microenvironment ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • [ 3 ] Loss of function mutations in this gene are implicated in pediatric retinoblastoma. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in cis-acting splicing elements or changes in the activity of constitutive or alternative splicing could have a profound regulatory proteins that compromise the accuracy of either impact on human pathogenesis, in particular in tumor development and progression. (biologists.com)
  • Mutations in splicing elements, for example, have been found in genes such as LKB1 , KIT , CDH17 , KLF6 and BRCA1 , and changes in trans-acting regulators can affect the expression of genes such as Ron , RAC1 and CD44 . (biologists.com)
  • A proto-oncogene is a gene that becomes an oncogene, a gene that has the potential to cause cancer, through mutations or an increase in expression. (shu.edu)
  • Eighteen genes were statistically significantly mutated, including RIT1 activating mutations and newly described loss-of-function MGA mutations which are mutually exclusive with focal MYC amplification. (nature.com)
  • MAPK and PI(3)K pathway activity, when measured at the protein level, was explained by known mutations in only a fraction of cases, suggesting additional, unexplained mechanisms of pathway activation. (nature.com)
  • However, most lung adenocarcinomas either lack an identifiable driver oncogene, or harbour mutations in KRAS and are therefore still treated with conventional chemotherapy. (nature.com)
  • Although inactivation of both alleles of either hMSH2 or MLH1 (DNA mismatch repair genes) appears to underlie microsatellite instability in tumors of HNPCC kindreds, similar to the findings in sporadic colon cancers, sporadic endometrial cancers were not associated with mutations of any of the four known human mismatch repair genes. (medmuv.com)
  • While no mutations were found in the exons of the DCC gene in endometrial cancers, chromosome 18 was found to be capable of suppressing tumorigenicity of endometrial cancer cells in nude mice by the procedure of microcell fusion, with DCC expression elevated in most of the suppressed hybrids. (medmuv.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Tumors7
  • Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1), an ETS transcription factor family member, acts as an oncogenic driver in hematological malignancies and promotes tumor growth in solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the activation of this proto-oncogene in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Mdm2 is a proto-oncogene that is amplified in approximately 7% of cancers and is frequently seen in soft tissue tumors. (shu.edu)
  • Mutation of the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta receptor type II gene is common in RER+ colon and gastric cancers, but uncommon in RER+ endometrial cancers even those arising in HNPCC kindreds, suggesting that the genesis of RER+ tumors even within the same familial cancer syndrome is not the same. (medmuv.com)
  • The catalog of driver genes involved in the development of several malignancies has grown in recent years, as a result of whole-exome and whole-genome analyses of cohorts of tumors, mainly within the framework of large international consortia [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The biological role and underlying mechanism of action of zinc-finger protein 326 (ZNF326) in malignant tumors, including breast cancer, are still not clear. (cancerindex.org)
TP537
  • E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of p53/TP53, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. (arigobio.com)
  • Component of the TRIM28/KAP1-MDM2-p53/TP53 complex involved in stabilizing p53/TP53. (arigobio.com)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
  • MDM2 binds to and inhibits TP53 activity. (medscape.com)
  • The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
  • Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)
Binds3
  • The encoded protein is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds and inhibits transactivation by tumor protein p53, as part of an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. (arigobio.com)
  • In addition to marking p53 for degradation, Mdm2 also binds to p53 and transports it out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm for degradation. (shu.edu)
  • A Kruppel-like transcription factor that contains three C-terminal CYS2-HIS2 ZINC FINGERS and binds to GC RICH SEQUENCE (GC box) in upstream gene promoters. (bvsalud.org)
Target genes5
  • By comparing the p53 protein level and its ability to transactivate target genes Waf1/Cip1 and mdm2 in both T22 and NIH3T3 cells irradiated with u.v., a discordance between the p53 protein level and its transcriptional activity was observed. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The observed lack of correlation between the elevated p53 and beta-galactosidase and expression in u.v. irradiated cells strongly indicates that the ability of p53 to transactivate its target genes is not simply correlated to its protein level. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, Kevetrin increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 (Waf1), an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. (shu.edu)
  • DBC1 functions as a coactivator for AR-V7 and is required for the expression of AR-V7 target genes including CDH2, a mesenchymal marker linked to CRPC progression. (cancerindex.org)
Pathway4
  • The complexity of the p53-Mdm2 link illustrates the importance of this signaling pathway and indicates it is a viable therapeutic target. (shu.edu)
  • The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)
  • Measuring protein phosphorylation and expression in glioblastoma cells across 40 signaling pathway nodes in response to different drugs and for different oxygen tensions revealed that SHP2 antagonism has network-level, context-dependent signaling consequences that affect cell phenotypes (e.g., cell death) in unanticipated ways. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Busso CS, Iwakuma T, Izumi T. Ubiquitination of mammalian AP endonuclease (APE1) regulated by the p53-MDM2 signaling pathway. (childrensmercy.org)
Phosphatase5
  • The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a pleiotropic enzyme, inhibiting phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling in the cytosol and stabilizing the genome in the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PTEN is a protean protein with a dual-specificity cytosolic lipid and tyrosine phosphatase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Four significant MPE-associated genes were discovered in our study, including Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2), Ring finger protein 4 (RNF4), and WEE1 G2 Checkpoint Kinase (WEE1). (bvsalud.org)
  • Oncogenic protein tyrosine phosphatases have long been viewed as drug targets of interest, and recently developed allosteric inhibitors of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) have entered clinical trials. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It contains an N-terminal RING FINGER DOMAIN and is a PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 regulatory subunit. (jefferson.edu)
Overexpression4
  • Overexpression of this gene can result in excessive inactivation of tumor protein p53, diminishing its tumor suppressor function. (arigobio.com)
  • The combination of a p53 mutation with overexpression of Mdm2 results in a worse prognosis for a patient, as compared to a patient with only the mutation or the overexpression. (shu.edu)
  • Gene amplification did not underlie all cases of HER-2/neu overexpression, although both gene amplification and overexpression were each associated with poor outcomes. (medmuv.com)
  • Raw areca nut (RAN) consumption induces oral, esophageal and gastric cancers, which are significantly associated with the overexpression of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1/securin and chromosomal instability (CIN). (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular13
  • A cellular phosphoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 90 kd (p90) that forms a complex with both mutant and wild-type p53 protein has been characterized, purified, and identified. (nih.gov)
  • The proteasomes form a pivotal component for the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and corresponding cellular Protein Quality Control (PQC). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition cellular senescence constitutes a tumor suppressor mechanism [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • The tumor suppressor pathways, ARF/MDM2/p53 and p16 INK4a /Rb, have been shown to play critical roles in the induction of cellular senescence [3] . (plos.org)
  • Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These conditions activated the sensor substantiating its potential in identifying new inhibitors and cellular factors related to protein O-glycosylation. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport. (lookformedical.com)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates the expression levels of cellular proteins by ubiquitination of protein substrates followed by their degradation via the proteasome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the one hand, the UPS acts as a host defense mechanism to selectively recognize HBV proteins as well as special cellular proteins that favor the viral life cycle and induces their ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation to limit HBV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, in the infected hepatocytes, certain cellular proteins that are dependent on the UPS are involved in abnormal biological processes which are mediated by HBV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One step in this direction is thus to understand exactly which downstream genes and cellular processes become affected in the outcome of driver alterations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the rel gene (GENES, REL). (childrensmercy.org)
Regulation6
  • The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)
  • Protein O-glycosylation is important in numerous processes including the regulation of proteolytic processing sites by O-glycan masking in select newly synthesized proteins. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • A G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subtype that is primarily expressed in the MYOCARDIUM and may play a role in the regulation of cardiac functions. (lookformedical.com)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) genes encode a family of proteins that are involved in the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, DBC1 knockdown eliminated the up-regulation of MMP7, EMT-related proteins, and cell cycle-related proteins as well as the enhanced proliferation and invasiveness induced by ZNF326. (cancerindex.org)
Pathways3
  • Also component of the TRIM28/KAP1-ERBB4-MDM2 complex which links growth factor and DNA damage response pathways. (arigobio.com)
  • Tumor suppressors, oncogenes and alternatively deregulated upstream signalling pathways can directly influence the RNA polymerase I activity inducing hyper activation of rRNA transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibitor1
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
Encode2
Cyclin-depend2
  • It plays a key role in regulating the cell cycle via protein-protein interactions with the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Degradation2
  • Moreover, the UPS regulates the degradation of tumor suppressor gene products such as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) in colorectal cancer, retinoblastoma (Rb). (wikipedia.org)
  • Promotes proteasome-dependent ubiquitin-independent degradation of retinoblastoma RB1 protein. (arigobio.com)
Chromosome5
  • a process which can be reversed by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), suggesting a potential therapeutic agent for MM. The maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) imprinted gene is located on chromosome 14q32, which produces a non-coding RNA transcript ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Chromosome 17p is frequently involved, which contains the p53 gene known to confer a poor prognosis in endometrial cancers when mutated or deleted, and which plays an important role in the transition to carcinoma from atypical hyperplasia. (medmuv.com)
  • Chromosome 18q contains the DCC gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in colon cancers. (medmuv.com)
  • These data strongly suggest that some gene on chromosome 18, is a tumor suppressor gene in endometrial cancers. (medmuv.com)
Factors5
Epigenetic5
  • Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
  • We used quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and web tools to confirm the frequent epigenetic silencing of SOX1 in lung cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the molecular mechanism underlying securin upregulation remains unclear, this study intended to investigate the association of securin upregulation with the Rb-E2F1 circuit and epigenetic histone (H3) modification patterns both globally and in the promoter region of the securin gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our conclusions are based on gene expression profiles, epigenetic studies and phenotypic and functional analysis. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • The current models for CIN involve telomere dysfunction, defective spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair, genes involved in the cell cycle, and epigenetic regulators. (encyclopedia.pub)
Transcriptional10
  • Discordance between accumulated p53 protein level and its transcriptional activity in response to u.v. radiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Discordance between the transcriptional activity of p53 and its protein level was further studied using a cell line expressing the p53 reporter plasmid RGC delta fosLacZ. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • Tumor suppressors such as retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53 negatively regulate RNA polymerase I and interfere with the assembly of transcriptional machinery on the rDNA promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A ubiquitously expressed sequence-specific transcriptional repressor that is normally the target of signaling by NOTCH PROTEINS. (harvard.edu)
  • It functions as a transcriptional activator, tumor suppressor, and may regulate growth and development of B-cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In particular, we have identified that promoter CpG island hypermethylation of the genes TUSC3 (tumor suppressor candidate 3), POMT1 (protein O-mannosyltransferase 1), ATRNL1 (attractin-like 1) and SAMD4A (sterile alpha motif domain containing 4A) is linked to the transcriptional downregulation of both linear mRNA and the hosted circRNA. (oncotarget.com)
  • Deleterious, protein-altering variants in the transcriptional coregulator ZMYM3 in 27 individuals with a neurodevelopmental delay phenotype. (uams.edu)
Progression3
  • The role of DNA methylation in the mediation of multiple tumor suppressor gene and microRNA silencing has been implicated in the development and progression of MM ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
Polycomb2
  • Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
  • Our results suggest that in young cells Polycomb proteins are recruited to the INK4/ARF locus through CDC6 and the resulting silent locus is replicated during late S-phase. (plos.org)
RNAs3
  • This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • After translation of viral RNAs into HBV proteins occurs in the host cytoplasm, viral pgRNA is encapsulated into core particles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Approximately just 2% of the genome is transcribed into protein-coding RNAs [ 1 ], so the majority of transcripts are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can be categorized according to their structural properties and length [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Upstream2
  • The promoter region of MEG3 is rich in CpG islands, and the specific methylated and unmethylated CpG islands of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are located upstream of the MEG3 gene (IG-DMR and MEG3-DMR) ( 17 , 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • ChIP-qPCR assays were performed to evaluate the recruitment of different histone modifications in the core promoter region of securin gene as well as its upstream and downstream regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Oncogenic2
  • This may include oncomir (oncogenic miRNA) inhibition, or tumor suppressor-miRNA replacement therapies [ 6 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
Tumor growth1
  • This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Repair genes7
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • To construct a prognostic signature composed of DNA repair genes to effectively predict the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the training set, 13 DNA repair genes were screened using univariate proportional hazard (Cox) regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to construct a risk model, which was validated in the testing set. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several DNA repair genes have been confirmed to play an important role in the development and prognosis of HNSCC ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, constructing a risk model composed of DNA repair genes may be useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we aimed to establish a prognostic prediction model for HNSCC based on DNA repair genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results showed that the risk model composed of DNA repair genes could effectively distinguish patients with different clinical outcomes and has independent predictive prognostic ability. (frontiersin.org)
Mechanism4
  • The two-hit hypothesis has now been adopted as a key mechanism for the loss of function of tumor suppressors leading to oncogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Alternative splicing is a crucial mechanism for generating protein diversity. (biologists.com)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • CIN not only occurs as a tumor-promotor mechanism but also as a tumor-suppressor mechanism. (encyclopedia.pub)
Mice1
  • Most resulting proteins lead in techniques with IGFBPs, which plan methylated to modulate the CLASP of acts in the mode, react salt of IGFs to trim members for mice, promote cornea like supplements of IGFs, and be as encoding mitochondria here of IGFs. (evakoch.com)
Somatic alterations1
  • By contrast, somatic alterations in the genes encoding Notch signaling components drive various types of human cancer, such as breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Bmi13
  • Evidence supporting the direct control of the cell cycle by Pc-G proteins in vertebrates came from studies on mouse Bmi1 mutants. (plos.org)
  • Bmi1 was first identified as a proto-oncogene that cooperates with c-Myc to promote the generation of mouse B- and T-lymphomas [9] . (plos.org)
  • In the absence of Bmi1, M33, or Phc2, primary embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are unable to progress into S phase, undergo premature senescence after only a few passages in culture and show an increased accumulation of the tumor suppressors p16 INK4a , p19 ARF and p15 INK4b [4] , [10] . (plos.org)
Cancers3
Peptides1
  • A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. (lookformedical.com)
Regulate6
Differentiation3
  • The response of cells to environmental signals, as well as their differentiation, death or malignant transformation, involves changes in gene expression. (biologists.com)
  • They play important roles in liver-specific transcription and are critical for CELL DIFFERENTIATION and METABOLISM. (umassmed.edu)
  • CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Cells13
  • When the cells were irradiated with 10 J/m2 of u.v., there was a substantial increase in expression of Waf1/ Cip1 and mdm2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, little increase in Waf1/Cip1 and mdm2 expression was observed in T22 and NIH3T3 cells 8 or 9 h after exposure to 50 J/m2 of u.v., although the p53 protein level accumulated to its highest level under these conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. (bmj.com)
  • 1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
  • Thus, the control of ribosome assembly and protein synthesis is essential for the survival of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-17 induced NOTCH1 activation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells enhances proliferation and inflammatory gene expression. (harvard.edu)
  • Higher cells of download Hanging Sam: A Military and mental Canadian initiation in the 5'-end novo depends the lipid protein directly than NALP1-mediated deafness to the chain. (evakoch.com)
  • In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (jefferson.edu)
  • Genes up-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] SMARTA memory T cells: follicular helper (Tfh) versus Ly6c int CXCR5+ [GeneID=643] . (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • We also analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune-related gene expression, tumor mutation burden, and drug sensitivity of patients with HNSCC in the high- and low-risk groups. (frontiersin.org)
  • This download is the types and cells led from a human assembly target content soccer methylated alongside the set of two interaction localizing enzyme proteins in New Zealand. (evakoch.com)
Phosphorylation4
Activation2
  • The placement of a Venus tag a variant of yellow fluorescent protein (20) in the cytoplasmic domain allowed us to localize the sensor regardless of its activation status. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • Arrestin quenches G-protein activation by binding to phosphorylated photolyzed rhodopsin. (lookformedical.com)
MicroRNA1
  • Over the past few years, emerging numerous bioinformatic tools have been developed to identify candidate disease-causing genes [ 4 ], including microRNA (miRNA) genes. (hindawi.com)
Proliferation2
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • ERCC2 is the plant around the proliferation in gap with the Phenylacetate IFT of ERCC3, encoding an many transcription( Coin et al. (evakoch.com)
Regulatory proteins1
Malignancies3
  • Such protein accumulation may contribute to the pathogenesis and phenotypic characteristics in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases, and systemic DNA damage responses leading to malignancies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Driver events in pediatric malignancies can occur through loss of function in tumor suppressor genes or gain of function in proto-oncogenes. (medscape.com)
  • This is key not only to understand how carcinogenesis appears and develops in these malignancies to be able to early diagnose them, but also to open up the possibility to employ therapeutic strategies targeting a driver protein to counteract the alteration of another connected driver. (biomedcentral.com)
Kinase5
  • To determine if mdm-2 could modulate p53 transactivation, a p53-responsive element from the muscle creatine kinase gene was employed. (nih.gov)
  • A ubiquitously expressed G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subtype that has specificity for the agonist-occupied form of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and a variety of other G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although it is highly homologous to G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE 2, it is not considered to play an essential role in regulating myocardial contractile response. (lookformedical.com)
  • interaction( Hh) is a bound transfer that is very proteins in modifications resulting past plasma mRNA, fibril-associated information DNA, isoform kinase and activity( characterised in Hui and Angers, 2011). (evakoch.com)
  • other specificity is tiny gene activity and distribution browser through the kinase of the R-RasGAP complex ileal to suitable or through the functionality of RhoA. (evakoch.com)
Interacts1
Cancer10
  • lncRNA MEG3 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in various types of cancer, including meningioma ( 12 ), breast cancer ( 13 ), bladder cancer ( 14 ) and hepatocellular carcinoma ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
  • These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • Selected oncogenes that have been associated with numerous cancer types are described in more detail below. (cancerquest.org)
  • This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The relationship between p53 and Mdm2 has been shown to be vital to the normal functioning of the human cell, and also has other implications in cancer. (shu.edu)
  • This research aimed to assess the diagnostic ability of eight previously identified Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)-associated genes for MPE. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast, 25% of uterine sarcomas, an entity not recognized to be part of a familial cancer syndrome, exhibits microsatellite instability that may be related to a mutation in the hMSH2 gene. (medmuv.com)
  • There are two main reasons why the catalogs of cancer drivers produced by the aforementioned projects and others need to be broken down into related sets of genes for deeper analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA damage affects the expression of a variety of genes, including proto-oncogenes and cancer suppressor genes. (frontiersin.org)
Induces1
  • The elevated expression of p53 leads to greater stability, which also induces the regulatory protein Mdm2. (shu.edu)
Retinoblastoma protein1
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
Ribosomal1
  • During ribosomal RNA processing, ribosomal proteins are incorporated into the pre-ribosomal subunits to form the mature 40S and 60S subunits. (biomedcentral.com)
Functionally2
  • functionally, unrelated suppressor transports found to the one-particle accumulation. (evakoch.com)
  • This has opened up the possibility to carry out systematic studies to uncover the repertoire of functionally related groups of driver genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell13
Accumulation1
  • Subsequently, a compromised proteasome complex assembly and function lead to reduced proteolytic activities and the accumulation of damaged or misfolded protein species. (wikipedia.org)
Genome3