• As a TF, USF1 has a bidirectional regulatory function, being able to regulate gene expression by activating or suppressing the promoter region of target genes ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • utilizes a combination of high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization, short hairpin RNA inhibition of target genes at the locations of focal genomic deletions, and a primed cell mosaic mouse model to identify novel tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene encodes a protein containing a C3HC4-type RING finger domain, which is a specialized type of Zn-finger that binds two atoms of zinc and is thought to be involved in mediating protein-protein interactions. (cancerindex.org)
  • Expression of ALK in malignant T cells is typically due to the t(2;5) translocation resulting in formation of the fusion gene which encodes a 80-kDa hybrid protein that contains portion of the nuclear protein nucleophosmin (NPM) joined to the entire cytoplasmic portion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK. (upenn.edu)
  • The EZH2 gene encodes the protein EZH2, a histone methyltransferase and the core enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is involved in chromatin compaction and transcriptional silencing ( FIGURE ). (targetedonc.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • The 'cancer platform' concept proposes that most oncogenic molecules also have the inherent ability to activate tumor suppressor genes or pathways through oncogene-induced apoptosis or senescence, thus limiting their oncogenic effects in a homeostatic fashion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These abnormalities result in significant alterations in gene expression related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • 1. Role of the cytokine-signal transduction pathways and epigenetic gene silencing in pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma. (upenn.edu)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • The upregulated DEGs were primarily protein‑coding genes enriched in immune and inflammation response pathways, while the downregulated DEGs were mainly coding long non‑coding (lnc)RNAs, indicating the regulatory function of USF1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It was also demonstrated that USF1 directly binds to the promoter region of 2,492 genes, which may be involved in the viral progression and cell proliferation pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We shall consider each subtype in turn describing genes and pathways of oncogenesis and how these relate to prognosis and treatment response. (springer.com)
  • Additional screens for MMTV provirus entry sites in tumors revealed several other upregulated genes that are associated with other gene development pathways such as INT2, INT3, and INT4 [4,5,6]. (chemdiv.com)
  • Among the genes and pathways controlled by TET1, we found ribosomal biogenesis and translational control of protein synthesis highly enriched. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oncogene activation is therefore generally only tumorigenic when it is coupled with inactivation or inhibition of oncogene-induced pro-apoptotic or senescence pathways [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The specific effects that lead to inactivation of these pro-apoptotic or senescence pathways may impinge on major known tumor suppressors such as p53, but may also be due to effects on other genes and molecules within the p53 or other tumor suppressor pathways [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oncogenic Ras induces the constitutive activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which, in turn, activates other effector pathways, in particular, PI3K-mTOR signaling [ 17 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Global CpG island hypermethylation, which induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, is also a unique feature of EBVaGC and is considered to be crucial for its carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) is an important oncogenic driver and an early diagnostic and prognostic marker, as well as a therapeutic target in hormone-resistant CRPC. (bjbms.org)
  • Moreover, these models lack other potentially important oncogenic features resulting from chromosomal translocation formation, including the reciprocal fusion gene, potential haplo-insufficiency of NPM1 or chromatin states resulting from the repositioning of translocated chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our studies indicate that RAD has a strong inhibitory effect on PTLD-like and PTLD-derived B cells by suppressing their proliferation, blocking cell cycle progression and increasing apoptotic rate. (upenn.edu)
  • Downstream genes, including lncRNA‑NEAT1 and TF‑ETV5, may also have potential functions in the regulated network by USF1 and have potential functions in the progression of HCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These findings suggest that EphA2 is a novel membrane protein with phase separation ability and is associated with ferroptosis and immune cell infiltration, which further suggests that malignant progression of colorectal cancer may be inhibited by suppressing the phase separation ability of EphA2. (aging-us.com)
  • In this study, we investigated gene fusions in PCa, characterized potential novel candidates, and explored their role as prognostic markers for PCa progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, none of the prognostic models incorporates parameters reflecting the status of chromosomal rearrangements and transcriptional disorganization in a patient sample, even though gene fusions are known to drive PCa development and progression [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosomal translocations involving the RUNX1 gene are associated with several types of leukemia including M2 AML. (wikipedia.org)
  • Senescent hepatocytes lose the telomeric repeats that protect chromosomal ends from inter- and intra-chromosomal fusion, deletion, rearrangement, and transposition events that contribute to genomic instability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This lymphoma is caused by chromosomal translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on EBV associated gastric carcinogenesis by focusing on the roles of latent genes, epigenetic abnormalities, genomic alterations, and post-transcriptional regulation by cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Aberrant cell signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in human lymphomas. (upenn.edu)
  • The NPM/ALK kinase is constitutively activated and highly oncogenic. (upenn.edu)
  • In addition, the BCR-ABL fusion gene product, a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase which is crucial for the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), is highly sensitive to bosutinib. (mdm2-receptor.com)
  • Knockdown of TET1 or ectopic expression of TET2 in T-ALL was associated with genome-wide changes in 5mC and 5hmC enrichment and decreased cell proliferation, suggesting a tumor promoting function of TET1, and a tumor suppressing role for TET2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These viral genes integrate into the host cell's genome, then inhibit the expression of important cell cycle genes (p53 and Rb protein-coding genes), which leads to uncontrolled proliferation [5]. (clinomicseurope.com)
  • The retinoblastoma-E2F pathway, which regulates the cell cycle, has been demonstrated to be upstream of EZH2, which is required for proliferative gene expression and E2F-driven proliferation. (targetedonc.com)
  • The classical mode means that EphA2 inhibits positive signaling of ligands and tyrosine kinases, thereby suppressing tumorigenesis. (aging-us.com)
  • Here the virus induces the expression of viral genes that promote viral replication. (clinomicseurope.com)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • Taking advantage of experimental strategies including pharmacological tool and gene knockdown, we showed here that interference with JNK signaling pathway by targeting JNK1/2 or c-Jun reversed the mesenchymal properties of KB/VCR cells to epithelial phenotypes and suppressed the motile capacity of KB/VCR cells, such as migration and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gene can be transcribed from 2 alternative promoters, promoter 1 (distal) or promoter 2 (proximal). (wikipedia.org)
  • Promoter region motif analysis indicated that ETV5 has more binding motifs and genes than USF1 itself for USF1‑regulated DEGs, indicating that USF1 may indirectly modulate gene expression by regulating ETV5 expression in Huh7 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In summary, the results demonstrated that USF1 binds to the promoter region of thousands of genes and affects a large part of DEGs indirectly. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 7 It has been shown that miR-21 is a promoter of oncogenes and is highly expressed in several malignant tumors. (dovepress.com)
  • We demonstrate that EHMT2 suppresses canonical Wnt signaling by activating expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1 . (elifesciences.org)
  • Anaplastic large cell lymphoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene translocations (ALK+ ALCL) is a mature T-cell lymphoma that primarily affects lymph nodes, but also gives rise to tumors in extranodal organs and occasional characteristic skin lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Simultaneously, Kuijieling inhibited expression of IL-6R and IL-23R genes and production of RORγt, leading to suppression of Th17 differentiation, and ultimately, reduction of the Th17/Treg cell ratio. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, lentiviral expression does not precisely reproduce gene dosage nor the spatiotemporal variations in gene expression associated with the various stages of differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As in normal stem cells, EZH2 is highly expressed in cancer stem cell populations and suppresses differentiation via repression of lineage-specific factors to maintain these populations. (targetedonc.com)
  • In cervical cancer, the CTC isolation strategies rely on the cells' morphological properties and identification of HPV oncogenes and epithelial markers. (clinomicseurope.com)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • This study may result in novel therapies for lymphoma based on selective inhibition of the elements of the IL-2R signal transduction pathway(s) which are preferentially utilized by malignant T cells and/or on induction of re-expression of the epigenetically-silenced SHP-1 gene. (upenn.edu)
  • Our most recent work focuses on the molecular mechanisms of the aberrant gene silencing in the malignant lymphoid cells. (upenn.edu)
  • Inhibiting BRAF Oncogene-Mediated Radioresistance Effectively Radiosensitizes BRAFV600E-Mutant Thyroid Cancer Cells by Constraining DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. (cityofhope.org)
  • The oncogenic potential of the NPM-ALK fusion gene was first demonstrated in vitro using murine cell lines and primary cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we found that EphA2 expression in colorectal cancer was positively correlated with the expression of ferroptosis-related genes and the infiltration of multiple immune cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Genes to Cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Given that autophagy is initiated upon suppressed mTORC1 activity, a protective autophagy in Ras-transformed cells with a high level of mTORC1 activity appears to be mTORC1-independent [ 20 , 21 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The higher incidence of ccRCC in male patients may partially be accounted by mono-allelic inactivation of the chromatin remodelling gene, KDM5C on the X chromosome [ 6 ]. (springer.com)
  • This may include oncomir (oncogenic miRNA) inhibition, or tumor suppressor-miRNA replacement therapies [ 6 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Current concepts suggest that a limited number of molecular alterations involving oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition are responsible for initiation of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immune related gene-expression profiling for the combination of chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Nussе and Varmus identified components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in 1982 in a study of oncogenic breast tumor viral diseases (MMTV) [1]. (chemdiv.com)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • We describe the use of CRISPR-Cas9 RNP in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing to functionally characterize the impact of gene invalidation in ALI cultures. (bvsalud.org)
  • The datasets included transcriptome-wide expression and matched clinical follow-up data to detect and characterize gene fusions in PCa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the many functions of MYC were first attributed to its ability to both activate and repress transcription of a large number of genes through direct binding to their promoters, more and more reports challenge this dogma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 “Additionally, it has been proposed that in some cancers, these enzymes repress anti-oncogenes, and treatment with EZH2/1 inhibitors might result in re-expression of these anti-oncogenes. (targetedonc.com)
  • This gene is also a translocation partner in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor cases, where a t(2;17)(p23;q25) translocation has been identified with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene on chromosome 2, and a t(8;17)(q24;q25) translocation has been identified with the MYC gene on chromosome 8. (cancerindex.org)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • In humans, the gene RUNX1 is 260 kilobases (kb) in length, and is located on chromosome 21 (21q22.12). (wikipedia.org)
  • MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Vaccination against oncogenic HPV types is also deemed effective in preventing cervical cancer cases [8]. (clinomicseurope.com)
  • Proviral infection at the "site of the highest degree" was thought to be the mechanism of carcinogenesis, giving the first name to the gene found along this pathway as INT1. (chemdiv.com)
  • The Parkinson's disease genes pink1 and parkin , which encode a mitochondrially targeted protein kinase, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, participate in a key mitochondrial quality-control pathway that eliminates damaged mitochondria. (sdbonline.org)
  • Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, post-transcriptional gene expression regulation by cellular and/or EBV-derived microRNAs has attracted considerable attention. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Following this discovery, the Drosophila segmentation gene runt was cloned by Gergen et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simultaneous work in the field of developmental biology and work with Drosophila has established the INT1 gene is a homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene [2]. (chemdiv.com)
  • This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • By integrating these two datasets, 16 overlapped genes were detected, including downregulated lncRNA‑NEAT1 and upregulated TF‑ETV5. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 2) We have discovered a group of oncoproteins that are implicated in long-term maintenance of gene expression through their effects on the state of chromatin. (stanford.edu)
  • The next most prevalent aberrations include a cohort of chromatin-modifying genes with diverse roles including PBRM1 , SETD2 , BAP1 , and KMD5C . (springer.com)
  • Specific molecular therapy can target mutated cell lines in which DNA defect repair is altered, caused by mutations of BRCA2, partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) or the transmembrane protease serine 2-ERG (TMPRSS2-ERG) fusion. (bjbms.org)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • Among these, EZH2 that mediates repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) is upregulated and binds to muscle specific genes in ERMS. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • This gene is a susceptibility gene for Moyamoya disease, a vascular disorder of intracranial arteries. (cancerindex.org)
  • Following detection, we annotated the gene fusions using published databases for gene fusions in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • The Von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ) tumour suppressor gene undergoes bi-allelic knockout in the vast majority of clear cell RCCs. (springer.com)
  • The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
  • These so-called early genes (E6 and E7) later cause the carcinogenic effect of the virus. (clinomicseurope.com)
  • The transcription of RUNX1 is regulated by 2 enhancers (regulatory element 1 and regulatory element 2), and these tissue specific enhancers enable the binding of lymphoid or erythroid regulatory proteins, therefore the gene activity of RUNX1 is highly active in the haematopoietic system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we report that in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) the MYC oncogene controls the expression of TET1 and TET2 to maintain 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) patterns, which is associated with tumor cell-specific gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to identify mechanisms of transformation and therapeutic targets by generating a model of ALK+ ALCL lymphomagenesis ab initio with the specific NPM-ALK fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During development, EZH2/PRC2 has been shown to silence genes associated with alternative fates at specific loci. (targetedonc.com)
  • It is unknown whether any EZH2 targets are essential for EZH2-mediated transformation across all cell types or whether oncogenic changes are cell type-specific. (targetedonc.com)
  • Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) also known as acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein (AML1) or core-binding factor subunit alpha-2 (CBFA2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • It belongs to the Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family of genes which are also called core binding factor-α (CBFα). (wikipedia.org)
  • To relate the occurrence of gene fusions to Gleason Grading Groups and disease prognosis, we performed survival analyses using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and Cox regression. (biomedcentral.com)