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OtolithSemicircular canalCrusCochlearAnteriorBony labyrinthVestibularLateralVestibuleBranchCanalLinearPlaneBalanceRoundTimeOpenOtolith organsResponds to linearSemicircular ductsCranialAngularEndolymphArteryVestibular nerveOccurInferiorSensorsRotationLabyrinthApproximatelyVolumeMovement

Otolith5

• three semicircular canals (Horizontal SCC, Superior SCC, Posterior SCC) and two otolith organs (saccule and utricle). (wikipedia.org)
• SCC sends adaptive signals, unlike the two otolith organs, the saccule and utricle, whose signals do not adapt over time. (wikipedia.org)
• The vestibular system , which is the system of balance, consists of 5 distinct end organs: 3 semicircular canals that are sensitive to angular accelerations (head rotations) and 2 otolith organs that are sensitive to linear (or straight-line) accelerations. (medscape.com)
• The otolith organs include the utricle and the saccule. (medscape.com)
• The otolith system provides vital information about linear head acceleration in three dimensions (i.e., gravito-inertial forces) and the head's orientation relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)

Semicircular canal3

• In ears without MD, the Reissner's membrane and the membranous wall of the saccule were thinner than that of the utricle and of the lateral semicircular canal ( p (bvsalud.org)
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the horizontal semicircular canal may present a differential diagnostic challenge. (bvsalud.org)
• We report a case with cupulolithiasis of the horizontal semicircular canal presenting with horizontal PSN in a sitting position, with implications for a new pathomechanism of PSN. (bvsalud.org)

Crus3

• Connecting these structures is a neck: the inferior and superior (or anterior and posterior) crus. (justfactsllc.com)
• the posterior and the superior semicircular canals share one opening at the crus commune. (medscape.com)
• The nonampulated ends of the superior and posterior canal form the crus commune or common crus. (medscape.com)

Cochlear6

• The membranous labyrinth is located within the bony labyrinth, and it includes two sacs (utricle and saccule), three semicircular ducts, and the cochlear duct. (anatomy.app)
• The vestibulocochlear apparatus contains two types of receptors located in the inner ear: the organ of Corti for receiving the sound stimulus - located in the cochlear duct, and the receptors of the vestibular apparatus for appreciation of the impact of gravitation (static balance) - located in the utricle and saccule, and acceleration (kinetic balance) - located in the semicircular ducts. (anatomy.app)
• It consists of an anterior chamber and the cochlear duct, which subserves hearing and connects by way of the round saccule with the peripheral vestibular apparatus. (medscape.com)
• CONCLUSION: Increases in endolymphatic pressure may cause a primary swelling of the apical cochlear duct and saccule, both of which have relatively thin membranes. (bvsalud.org)
• The neurosensory structures involved in hearing and equilibrium are located in the membranous labyrinth: the organ of Corti is located in the cochlear canal, while the maculae of the utricle and the saccule and the ampullae of the semicircular canals are located in the posterior section. (cloudaccess.net)
• The superior surface of the cochlear canal is formed by Reissner's membrane. (cloudaccess.net)

Anterior4

• The saccular macula is an elliptical thickened area of sensory epithelium that lies on the anterior vertical wall of the saccule. (medscape.com)
• The macula of the utricle lies mainly in the horizontal plane and is located in the utricular recess, which is the dilated anterior portion of the utricle. (medscape.com)
• The 3 semicircular canals are small, ringlike structures: lateral or horizontal, superior or anterior, and posterior or inferior. (medscape.com)
• The arterial supply of the auricle is composed of the posterior auricular artery, the anterior auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery, and the occipital artery, which also contributes. (medscape.com)

Bony labyrinth1

• The posterior portion of the bony labyrinth contains the vestibule and the semicircular canals, and is responsible for equilibrium. (cloudaccess.net)

Vestibular3

• The peripheral vestibular apparatus consists of the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals. (medscape.com)
• The vestibular sensory epithelium is located on the maculae of the saccule and utricle and the cristae of the semicircular canals. (medscape.com)
• Hydrops in the utricle may occur less frequently because of a thicker wall, because of a functioning UEV, and when the saccule has already occupied most of the vestibular perilymphatic space. (bvsalud.org)

Lateral2

• The horizontal SCC handles head rotations about a vertical axis (e.g. looking side to side), the superior SCC handles head movement about a lateral axis (e.g. head to shoulder), and the posterior SCC handles head rotation about a rostral-caudal axis (e.g. nodding). (wikipedia.org)
• The complex consists of the lateral superior olive and the medial superior olive . (anatomy.app)

Vestibule3

• Behind the oval window is the vestibule, from which the cochlea, semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule branch off. (justfactsllc.com)
• The saccule is an almost globular-shaped sac that lies in the spherical recess on the medial wall of the vestibule. (medscape.com)
• The utricle is larger than the saccule and lies posterosuperiorly to it in the elliptical recess of the medial wall of the vestibule. (medscape.com)

Branch1

• The arterial supply includes the posterior auricular artery, deep auricular branch of the maxillary artery, and superficial temporal artery. (medscape.com)

Canal3

• Balance can be upset by Ménière's disease, superior canal dehiscence syndrome, an inner ear infection, by a bad common cold affecting the head or a number of other medical conditions including but not limited to vertigo. (wikipedia.org)
• They are oriented at right angles to each other and are situated so that the superior and posterior canals are at 45° angles to the sagittal plane and the horizontal canal is 30° to the axial plane. (medscape.com)
• however, the superior canal is paired with the contralateral posterior canal and vice versa. (medscape.com)

Linear2

• Utricle responds to linear accelerations and head-tilts in the horizontal plane (head to shoulder), whereas saccule responds to linear accelerations and head-tilts in the vertical plane (up and down). (wikipedia.org)
• RESULTS: The VMGI can be measured during rotational, linear and combined head accelerations. (bvsalud.org)

Plane2

• The utricle senses motion in the horizontal plane (eg, forward-backward movement, left-right movement, or a combination thereof). (medscape.com)
• The saccule senses motions in the sagittal plane (eg, up-down movement). (medscape.com)

Balance1

• This overview also explains acceleration as its processes are interconnected with balance. (wikipedia.org)

Round1

• It can also be temporarily disturbed by quick or prolonged acceleration, for example, riding on a merry-go-round. (wikipedia.org)

Time1

• The superior olivary complex is responsible for detecting the time difference between the sound reaches the ear, so it helps to localize where the sound is coming from. (anatomy.app)

Open1

• In all ears with MD in which the utricle exceeded the average volume of normals (6 of 12), the UEV was open or there was a rupture in the utricle. (bvsalud.org)

Otolith organs5

• three semicircular canals (Horizontal SCC, Superior SCC, Posterior SCC) and two otolith organs (saccule and utricle). (wikipedia.org)
• SCC sends adaptive signals, unlike the two otolith organs, the saccule and utricle, whose signals do not adapt over time. (wikipedia.org)
• The otolith organs are the specialised receptors of linear accelerations and gravity. (avmed.in)
• There are two otolith organs on each side of the head: those of the utricle lie in an approximately horizontal plane when the head is in a normal upright position, and those of the saccule lie in the vertical plane. (avmed.in)
• The primary graviceptors are the vestibular organs, which include angular velocity (semicircular canals) and linear acceleration (otolith organs) sensors. (jneurosci.org)

Responds to linear2

• Utricle responds to linear accelerations and head-tilts in the horizontal plane (head to shoulder), whereas saccule responds to linear accelerations and head-tilts in the vertical plane (up and down). (wikipedia.org)
• Utricule and Saccule: Utricle responds to linear acceleration and deceleration or gravitational pull. (medicoapps.org)

Semicircular ducts1

• It is secreted by the secretory cells of the stria vascularis of the cochlea and by the dark cells (present in the utricle and near the ampullated ends of semicircular ducts). (medicoapps.org)

Cranial1

• This can be used as an approach to posterior cranial fossa lesions. (medicoapps.org)

Angular6

• Within this small volume are sensory receptors, which are stimulated by angular accelerations as low as 0.05°/s2 (0.9mrad/s2) and linear acceleration of less than 0.01 G (0.1 m/s2). (avmed.in)
• The semicircular canals are responsible for detecting angular acceleration and the otolith organ detects the linear acceleration. (avmed.in)
• Movement of the fluid inside the canal results in deflection of the cupula, which is sensed as angular acceleration. (avmed.in)
• Thus, for example, an angular acceleration of 5°/sec 2 for half a second (5 x 0.5 = 2.5°/sec) is perceptible while 10°/sec 2 acceleration for one tenth of a second (10 x 0.1 = 1°/sec) is not. (avmed.in)
• Otolith thresholds have been found to be on the order of 1.5° change in the direction of applied +Gz force or 0.001to 0.03 +Gz changes in the magnitude of G. As for angular acceleration, the acceleration-time product concept is useful for talking about the perception of linear acceleration. (avmed.in)
• Anatomic features facilitate semicircular canal (angular velocity) prosthetics but inhibit approaches with the otolith (linear acceleration) organs, and canal VIs that sense angular head velocity can generate compensatory eye velocity responses in vestibulopathic subjects. (jneurosci.org)

Endolymph1

• An otolith organ has two endolymph filled sacs, the utricle and saccule. (avmed.in)

Artery1

• The arterial supply of the auricle is composed of the posterior auricular artery, the anterior auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery, and the occipital artery, which also contributes. (medscape.com)

Vestibular nerve1

• The labyrinthine afferents run through the vestibular nerve, that is composed of two branches: the superior and the inferior vestibular nerve (IVN). (audiologyonline.com)

Occur1

• Hydrops in the utricle may occur less frequently because of a thicker wall, because of a functioning UEV, and when the saccule has already occupied most of the vestibular perilymphatic space. (bvsalud.org)

Inferior2

• Besides the near-orthogonal arrangement of semicircular canals (SCCs), the superior and inferior branches of the vestibulo-acoustic nerve, the endolymphatic duct, the oval and round windows, and the cochlea can be identified. (iospress.com)
• Basically, the same dichotomy of "superior" and "inferior" labyrinth is also preserved in the arterial vascularization of the labyrinth. (audiologyonline.com)

Sensors1

• It is well known that vestibular sensors include three semicircular canals (SCs), i.e., horizontal (HSC), anterior (ASC), posterior (PSC), and two otolithic organs: the saccule and the utricle. (audiologyonline.com)

Rotation1

• The lowest reported threshold of perception of rotation is 0.035°/sec 2 , but can only be obtained with continuous acceleration after 20 to 40 seconds. (avmed.in)

Labyrinth1

• Trautmann's triangle is bounded by the bony labyrinth anteriorly, sigmoid sinus posteriorly and the dura or superior petrosal sinus superiorly. (medicoapps.org)

Approximately1

• the utricle was involved approximately half as frequently. (bvsalud.org)

Volume1

• In all ears with MD in which the utricle exceeded the average volume of normals (6 of 12), the UEV was open or there was a rupture in the utricle. (bvsalud.org)

Movement1

• Both the SCC and the otolith organ use the movement of the hair cells to detect magnitude and direction of acceleration. (avmed.in)